WITH PORTER IN NORTH MISSOURI-Transcribed

APPENDIX

THE MISSOURI SENATORS

At the first election of United States Senators David Barton, who had been speaker of the Territorial House of Representatives and president of the convention to frame the State constitution, was unanimously chosen on the first ballot. He drew the short term of four years, at the end of which he was re-elected and served a full term. It required several days' balloting to elect Thomas Hart Benton over Judge John B. C. Lucas, Henry Elliott, John R. Jones and Nathaniel Cook. Benton served five full terms. Succeeding him are Henry S. Geyer, 1851-7; Trusten Polk, 1857-63, expelled for disloyalty January 10, 1862 ; John Brooks Henderson, appointed by Hamilton R. Gamble, de facto governor, elected by the legislature, 1863-9; Carl Schurz, 1869-75; Francis Marion Cockrell, 1875-1905; William Warner; two incumbents holding sixty years and five incumbents holding twenty-eight years. In the other line are David Barton, 1821-31; Alexander Buckner, 1831-7, died May, 1833; Dr. Lewis Fields Linn, appointed by Governor Daniel Dunklin, elected by the legislature, 1834-49; died October 3, 1843; David R. Atchison, appointed by Governor Thomas Reynolds, elected by the legislature, 1844-55; James Stephen Green, 1857-61; Waldo Porter Johnson, 1861-7, expelled for disloyalty January 10,1862; Robert Wilson, appointed by Governor Gamble; Benjamin Gratz Brown, 1863-7; Charles Daniel Drake, 1867-73, resigned to accept the appointment of Chief Justice of the Court of Claims, 1870; Daniel T. Jewett, appointed by Governor Joseph W. McClurg; Francis Preston Blair, Jr., 1871-3; Lewis Vital Bogy, 1873-9, died September 20, 1877; David H. Armstrong, appointed by Governor John Smith Phelps; James Shields, 1879; George Graham Vest, 1879-1903; William Joel Stone.

The list is a notable one. Barton, Benton, Linn, Green, Henderson, Brown, Blair and Vest were men of very great ability. Scarcely inferior to them were Buckner, Atchison, Drake and Schurz; of very respectable ability were Geyer, Polk, Johnson, Bogy and Shields. In ability and character the two incumbents are fully up to the average of the Senate in its best days. Of the ex-Senators, John B. Henderson and General Cockrell are the only survivors. General Shields, who served six weeks of Senator Bogy's term, was Senator from Illinois, 1849-55, and from Minnesota, 1851-9. The village of Sainte Genevieve was at one time the home of one Senator and of four others who became Senators: Linn and Bogy of the above list, General

Henry Dodge, of Wisconsin; his son, Augustus Caesar Dodge, and George W. Jones, of Iowa. Bogy and the younger Dodge were natives of Sainte Genevieve; Generals Dodge and Jones were natives of Vincennes, Indiana. The two Dodges and General Jones were members of the Senate at the same time. General Dodge was a member of the first constitutional convention of Missouri. He and Dr. Linn, a native of Louisville, Kentucky, were half brothers. The five were men of eminent ability and by their. integrity and patriotism, adorned the American Senate.

General Jones survived the others. At the funeral of Jefferson Davis he went from Iowa and served as active pall-bearer, he and Mr. Davis having been classmates at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and colleagues in the United States Senate. Another man of eminent ability lived in Sainte Genevieve at the same time. John Scott, who served ten

years in Congress, four years as the last Territorial Delegate and six years as the first and only Representative of the new State. He was born in Hanover County, Virginia, and came

to Sainte Genevieve at the age of twenty-three. After retiring from politics he was, for nearly forty years, a most successful lawyer. According to a Missouri paper, "all his life he carried under his vest on his left side a beautifully carved dirk and on the other side a pistol." He died at the beginning of the war.

INHUMAN WARFARE

The following quotations from official reports and correspondence published by the United States Government illustrate the character of the warfare waged by some of the Missouri

State Militia in the Federal service, during the. year 1862, which will apply equally as well to any other period of the war. General Orders No. 2, issued by General Schofield, Wellsville,

January 1, 1862, War of the Rebellion, Series I, Volume 8, page 478, says: "The practice of plundering and robbing peaceable citizens and of wantonly destroying private property has become so prevalent in some portion of this command as to require the most rigorous measures for its suppression."

Same, January 2, writing to General Halleck, same, page 503, says : "Upon my arrival at Warrenton I found a battalion of Reserve Corps Cavalry, under command of Major Holland, the only cavalry at my disposal. These men had preceded me only a few days, but they had already murdered one of the few Union men in that vicinity and committed numerous depredations upon the property of peaceful citizens.

Since that time their conduct has been absolutely barbarous." In writing from Montgomery City, January 3, 1862, to General Prentiss, at Palmyra, General Schofield, same, page 482, says: "The only cavalry force now at my disposal is a battalion of Germans, utterly worthless for this kind of service. If I trust them out of my sight for a moment they will plunder and rob friends and foes alike. I have arrested two of the officers and have five of the men in irons. I have asked General Halleck to recall this battalion and send me civilized human beings in their stead."

General Halleck, writing to General McClellan, January 14, same, page 502, says: "Indeed, strong Union men in Southwestern Missouri (and among them Colonel Phelps, a Member of Congress), have begged me not to permit General Sigel's command to return to that part of the country, as they' robbed and plundered wherever they went, friends and enemies alike."

General E. A. Paine, February 8, directs Colonel Kellogg, commanding, Cape Girardeau: "Hang one of the rebel cavalry for each Union man murdered, and after this two for each. Continue to scout, capture and kill." General Halleck, reading this order in the public press, issued General Orders No. 48, February 26, same, page 568, APPENDIX 385 in which is: "The major-general commanding takes the earliest opportunity to publish his disapproval of this order. It IS contrary to the rules of civilized was, and if its spirit should be adopted the whole country would be covered with blood. Retaliation has its limits, and the innocent should not be made to suffer for the acts of others over whom they have no control." He further directs that official correspondence should be kept out of the public press, as its publication is "in violation of the Army Regulations and repeated general orders."

Lieutenant-Colonel D. R. Anthony, commanding First Kansas Cavalry, reports, Morristown, Mo., January 4, 1862, War of the Rebellion, Series I, Volume 8, page 46: "Dayton having been used voluntarily by its inhabitants as a depot for recruiting and supplying rebels, and there being only one Union house in town, and all the Union men there desiring its destruction, it was burned, except the one belonging to the Union man. Although there were forty-six buildings in town, we found only two men to represent the whole population."

Dayton is in the southeastern part of Cass County, which adjoins Kansas. The same officer reports, January 13: "Captain Merriman, on the day of the attack on him, burned the town of Columbus [in the· northern part of Johnson County], having learned that it was the rendezvous of Colonel Elliott, and the people of the town having decoyed him into the ambush.

Major Herrick also captured sixty head of horses, mules and cattle, and young stock belonging to men who :fired upon Major Hough and those who were with Colonel Elliott, and brought them to camp." General Halleck, St. Louis, January 18, writes to General Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General of the Army, Washington same page 507: "I inclose herewith a copy of a letter from Colonel Steele, commander at Sedalia, in relation to depredations committed by Jennison's men in Western Missouri. Similar accounts are received of the conduct of the

First Kansas Regiment along the Missouri River in the counties of Lafayette and Jackson.

"These men do not belong to the department, and have no business to come within the State. I have directed General Pope to drive them out, or if they resist, to disarm them and to hold them prisoners. They are no better than a band of robbers; they cross the line, rob, steal, plunder, and burn whatever they can lay their hands upon. They disgrace the name and uniform of American soldiers and are driving good Union men into the ranks of the secession army. Their conduct within the last six months has caused a change of 20,000 votes in this State. If the Government countenances such acts by screening the perpetrators from justice and by rewarding with office their leaders and abettors it may· resign all hopes of a pacification of Missouri. If Kansas troops are again permitted to come into this State to commit depredations, the State can be held only by the strong arm of military power. The bitter animosity created against these troops is naturally transferred to the Government which supports them and in whose name they pretend to act."

Colonel Steele's letter describes the burning of forty-two houses in the neighborhood of Rose Hill, the robbery of silverware, furs and other property, the driving off of stock, the

murder of "Mr. Richards, a good Union man, without cause or provocation," etc.

Secretary Stanton, February 6, 1862, writes to Hons. Thomas 1.. Price and James S. Rollins, Members of Congress from Missouri, same, page 546: "1 have the honor to acknowledge the receipt last evening of your letter of that date respecting the outrages alleged to have been committed against Union men in Missouri by a force under Colonel Jennison. Your communication will be submitted to the President without delay, and 1 beg you to be assured that no effort on the part of the Government will be spared to protect the Union men and loyal citizens of Missouri from all illegal force and lawless violence, come from what quarter it may."

The "disloyal" must look out for themselves. Well, some of them did. General McClellan, Commanding the Army, writes to Secretary Stanton, February 11, submitting "the following extracts taken from the report of Major A. Baird, assistant inspector-general, U. S. Army, on the inspection of the Kansas troops.

"If the practice of seizing and confiscating the private property of rebels, which is now extensively carried on by the troops known as Lane's brigade, is to be continued, how may it be managed so as to prevent the troops being demorali.zed and the Government defrauded. This has become ~o fixed and general that I am convinced that orders arresting It would not be obeyed, and that the only way of putting a stop to it would be to remove the Kansas troops to some other field of action."---same, page 552.

From General Halleck's letter to General Hunter, February 13, same, page 554: "This possibly was the original intention of Lane's expedition, but I protested to Washington against any of his jayhawkers coming into this department, and saying positively that I would arrest and disarm every one I could catch." A member of the Fifth Kansas writing from Houston, Mo., about the criticism of "S. W." in the Missouri Republican, concerning the hanging of Captain McCullough, and the burning of farm houses, says: "He certainly was hung, as he well deserved to be [being as stated elsewhere in the letter, 'a somewhat noted bushwhacker'] and S. W. is the only person who has censured it. There were from twenty to thirty houses burned during our stay there, but they were houses belonging to persons composing these guerrilla bands."-Missouri Democrat, June 15, 1862.

A. J. Youngman reports outrageous excesses committed by a party of the Sixth Missouri Cavalry, near Sikeston. Jackson Whaley was murdered in his own house. Mr. Youngman's

store was robbed. He was shot at and violence was otherwise offered. Citizens are in great fear of life and property. No officer was with them. I am convinced, General, that these men are a terror to the country. Many Citizens are killed and robbed by them. On the same day Colonel Rogers dispatched to General Fisk:

The informant said Major Montgomery would protect them but those bell-hounds threatened them with death if they 'told him. The major does all be can but no one helps ('War of the Rebellion. Series I, Volume 22, page 542.) him. Gillette will tell you how it goes. I have ordered Major Montgomery to arrest the robbers and murderers in his own interest, as well as that of the citizens. These men straggle and plunder whenever they are out without him. I dread the report when they come in from the Osceola trip. On the same day he also wrote :Major Montgomery: Is Sergeant Kelly at your post now? If so, arrest him and find what was the name of the soldier who tried to shoot Mr. Youngman at Sikeston on the 15th. Also find who

killed Mr. Whaley just before and who robbed the store of Mr. Youngman. Arrest all whom you find implicated in those murders and robberies. The citizens report terrible outrages by your men over there. Part 2, Volume 34, Series I, of War of the Rebellion was published in 1891. The Washington correspondent of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat sent to his paper the following as illustrating the humor of some of the campaigns. It is fair to presume that the person most interested saw no humor in the proceedings:

On the 4th of February, 1864, Colonel J. B. Rogers reported from Cape Girardeau that a detachment of his men had attacked the Bolin gang and killed seven and captured seven.

"Bolin is on the way, tied," the colonel telegraphed to General Clinton B. Fisk: "Shall I shoot him without trial or try him by drum-head court and muster him out?" The colonel added, apologetically: "The capture of Bolin was a mistake. No one knew the fiend until he was brought in and recognized by citizens." The next day the following telegraphic correspondence

passed between Colonel Rogers and General Fisk:

General Fisk: I regret to be compelled to report that at a late hour last night a large crowd of soldiers and citizens took the prisoner, John F. Bolin, from the custody of the guard and hung him. All was done by most of the officers that could be done to prevent it, but without success. No force could be used owing to the fact that no symptom of their intention was manifested until too late, and nearly all the available force was engaged in the act.

J. B. Rogers,

Colonel Commanding.

Headquarters St. Louis District,

St. Louis^ February 6th, 1861)..

Colonel J. B. Rogers: It will hardly be necessary to give Bolin a trial.

Clinton B. Fisk,

Brigadier General.

Cape Girardeau, Mo., February 6, 1864.

General Fisk : While I think the hanging of Bolin just, I still regret that it was done by violence, without trial. Your telegram to me will be misunderstood as winking at it. I apprehend further violence. I will be obliged if you will give me a reprimand or a hint to allow no more violence, so I may the better be able to restrain my men.

J. B. Rogers,

Colonel Commanding.

Headquarters St. Louis District,

St. Louis, February 6, 1864.

Colonel J. B. Rogers: I much regret that you failed to restrain your men from the unlawful proceedings resulting in the hanging of Bolin. Such acts of violence demoralize both soldiers and citizens. Take prompt and decisive steps to restrain further violence toward the prisoners yet in custody. I would prefer that no such villains be taken prisoners, but after they have been captured and imprisoned within our lines, law and order and the well-being of the community imperatively demand that they receive a proper trial and be punished for their crimes in the manner prescribed by law.

Clinton B. Fisk,

Brigadier General.

For specific outrages see report of Major Dale, commanding at Platte City, said to be done under orders of General Blunt, War of the Rebellion, Series I, Volume 13, page 388 ; from citizens, page 389; from General Loan to General Schofield, same, page 392; from citizens to President Lincoln, same, page 618; from Willard P. Hall to General Curtis, same, pages 112-13-14; from Captain Wm. Meredith, same, volume 34, part 2, page 150; General Halleck to General Price, same, Volume 8, page 529; see also General Loan to General Schofield, same, Volume 13, page 387; General Halleck to General Hunter, same, Series II, Volume 1, page 162; General Halleck to General McClellan, same, Volume 8, page 818.

This list of quotations could be greatly extended.

THE ELECTION OF 1860

In my native county of Lincoln there were three votes cast for Lincoln in 1860: By John Holcombrink, at Auburn; George Sands, at Millwood, and Sylvester Millsap, at Truxton.

Mr. Sands died in 1862 at an advanced age, leaving a large family; all of his children and grandchildren were intensely Southern in sentiment. Millsap was killed in 1863 in a skirmish in the western part of the county. The company of militia, commanded by Captain William Colbert, of which Millsap was a member, was in pursuit of some ''bushwhackers" and followed them into a dense thicket, where Millsap was shot in the center of the forehead. No one else was injured and the bushwhackers escaped. The next morning, however, the militia captured a man named Davis, who lived near, and finding on him certain papers which were, to them, conclusive evidence of his connection with the bushwhackers, shot him.

At Montgomery City two votes were cast for Lincoln. David Fleet and Horatio Bobbs walked together up to the polls and announced to the crowd of bystanders that they were about to vote for Abraham Lincoln, and if anyone had anything to say about it then was the time to say it. Although they were jeered and hissed they were not otherwise molested.

SUPPRESSION OF THE STATE JOURNAL

On the 12th of July Colonel Harding, by orders from General Lyon, suppressed the State Journal, a secession daily paper In St. Louis, and caused Its editor, J. W. Tucker, to be arraigned for treason. Colonel John McNeil, of the Home Guards, personally performed this duty and closed the office. The paper was published by M. Niedner, to whom the Jackson Legislature had given the contract for the publication of ''legal notices." The suppression of the Journal was followed by the publication of the Missourian, The War Bulletin and the Extra Herald. These were all suppressed on the 14th of July. - Peckham's Life of Lyon.

GENERAL GREEN'S METHOD

Illustrating his views on the treatment of citizens by the military authorities, the following letter of Colonel, afterwards General Martin E. Green, Colonel Porter's superior officer, is given. Lieutenant Joe K. Rickey, of Keokuk, afterwards of Callaway County and a rather famous politician and lobbyist, WlUl recruiting for the Federal army. He was captured July 27 and taken to Green, who kept him a few days and released him. Lieutenant-Colonel H. M. Woodyard, of the Northeast Missouri Home Guards, was concerned about Rickey and sent a letter through Judge Henderson Davis, to which Green replied:

CAMP McREYNOLDS, August 12, 1861.

HENDERSON DAVIS:

DEAR Sm: I am in receipt of a note of Colonel Woodyard addressed to you, which is the only reason why I address this to you. In that note Colonel Woodyard proposes to exchange prisoners, but on an entirely new theory. I have had several letters from Colonel Moore, and we have had several exchanges of prisoners. We exchange according to roster; that is, according to rank. Such a thing as arresting citizens not under arms is a thing not permitted by me. :My instructions to all my command are to let citizens alone. It would be little trouble for me to arrest citizens, but I hope I will never be guilty of such an act. I have publicly declared my intention not only to let citizens alone, but to protect them in all their rights, regardless of opinions. This I have scrupulously observed.

As regards Joe Rickey, he is in Palmyra, with liberty to go where he pleases. The condition then that he (Woodyard) lays down for the release of the prisoners in his charge are fully complied with so far as I am concerned. Mr. Rickey went to Palmyra at his request, and I do not think I ought to be requested to return him. I can say this much-he is fully released as far as I am concerned. I do not know anything further that I ought to do. I think when he reflects on what I have done, he will come to the conclusion that I was perfectly justifiable in all I have done. My actions I am willing shall be scrutinized upon the evidence of the prisoners.

Yours respectfully,

MARTIN E. GREEN,

Colonel Commanding Missouri State Guards.

The Home Guards were a Federal organization and the Missouri State Guards were practically a Confederate organization.

MY FIRST COMPANY

"Another notable accession to the Governor's force at this time was John Q. Burbridge and ten other men from Pike County, who came into camp bringing with them from that remote county about one hundred and fifty muskets, which they had taken by guile from a company of State Militia, mostly loyal Germans, and had brought by force to the Governor."-

-- Snead's Fight for Missouri, page 217.

Colonel Burbridge took in a few mare than ten men. When he was at Millwood, Lincoln County, June 15, gathering volunteers under the call of the governor, a number of us enrolled our names. I can only recall William T. Hammond, who returned at Fayette, my cousin, George A. Mudd, wounded at Wilson's Creek, and myself. The next morning, Sunday, after early service at St. Alphonsus' Church, we started in a farm wagon for Louisville, the next village, nine miles away, in the north western corner of the county, where we were told a supply of arms would meet us. A number assembled to bid us good-bye and as the wagon was about to start Pat Murphy, a young orphan whom my uncle had taken from the asylum a few years before, rushed through the crowd and jumped into it. He proved to be a good soldier and was severely wounded at the bloody battle of Franklin, Tennessee. A number enrolled at Louisville.

The leading merchant, Luke Paxton, threw open his large store, told us to make it our headquarters and that if there was anything in his stock that we needed to help ourselves to

it. In a short time the muskets came in from Louisiana, Pike County, guarded by William F. Carter and Frederick Ferdinand Weed, members of the old time military company, of which Colonel Burbridge was one of the lieutenants and the drill master. Carter was afterwards promoted to be major and was killed at Franklin. He was a very capable officer. Weed was a handsome young fellow and the most accomplished braggart I ever met. We inexperienced boys thought braggart and coward were synonymous terms. If so, Weed was an exception. He was as brave as he was vain, and made good all his boasts. He would amuse the boys very much by the display of a derringer with a barrel not three inches long. "What are you going to do with the gun, Weed?" "Kill Yankees!! '

I have forgotten the particulars of the process by which the muskets were abstracted from the armory of the military company-taken by guile, Colonel Snead says-but the word that best expresses it is-theft. We feIt no scruples on that point, however. There were few, if any Germans in Louisiana at that date, and it is doubtful if one was a member of the company. Be that as it may have been, Burbridge, Carter and Weed were about the only members who were not "loyal," and the other members were deeply chagrined at the loss of the guns.

Before we left Louisville the next day the well mounted companies of Captains Archie Bankhead and Edward B. HuIl, from either side of the line of Lincoln and Pike Counties, in the neighborhood of Prairieville, came in. With them was Wes Penny, a member of Bankhead's company, afterwards our captain, under Porter. I made his acquaintance that day and it was the beginning of a friendship that ended with his death. Hull and Bankhead had married sisters, intellectual and educated women, daughters of Chambers, the editor of the Missouri Republican, who, seventy-five years ago, stood in the front rank of great newspaper writers.

We started with about five hundred men, mostly on foot. Our march through Callaway was an ovation. Everywhere on the roadside there were swarms of pretty girls, dressed in white, distributing bushels of gingerbread and gallons of fresh, rich butter-milk. This county, almost from its formation, has been known as the Kingdom of Callaway. It was a queendom that day. About three miles from Fayette, Howard County, we came up with a strong company from Fulton, commanded by Captain D. H. McIntyre, afterwards attorney-general of the State.

It was clad in gray uniforms and armed with Enfield rifles. It was drawn up in line, awaiting an expected attack from a Federal force in Fayette. In an hour scouts came in with the information that the enemy had gone in a different direction. We had now more than a thousand men, mostly unarmed. After a consultation, it was deemed best that all or nearly all the unarmed men should return home and wait for a more favorable opportunity. About three hundred were prevailed upon to return. We crossed the Missouri River at Glasgow and went westward to Fairview, Saline County, where we stayed two days. Colonel Burbridge came to our squad and said "that he had decided to take a single wagon loaded with the muskets and about fifty shotguns and rifles and make a forced march with about twelve men, and he had selected us as part of the twelve. The other eight hundred would return home and join the army when General Price should retrace his steps tAl Jefferson City, which, all felt certain, would be done in a few weeks." It was impossible to reduce the number below seventeen or eighteen.

BesIdes those already mentioned I remember from the Louisville neighborhood in Lincoln County, David Hackley Stewart, mortally wounded at Wilson Creek, .and John Davis; from :Montgomery County, Morgan Show; from St. Louis County, William G. Sterling, severely wounded at Wilson's Creek; from Hannibal, D. H. Shields and Thomas Lally; from an unremembered locality a cross-eyed tailor, who surprised us by making a good record on the march and in battle; from some part of Pike County, a boy in his teens, six feet four inches high, weighing two hundred and :fifty pounds, whose name was known only to himself and the orderly sergeant. Everybody else knew him as "Babe;" he was severely wounded at Wilson's Creek. After reaching the army our company was organized with twenty-five other men from the southern part of Lincoln County. It is very probable that Dr. Shields and myself are the only survivors of this company.

HORSE STEALING

The severest penalties of the law were inflicted at every opportunity upon the Confederate soldier who impressed a horse for military service. The following from the local columns of the Missouri Democrat of August 16, 1862, describes the "punishment" of three Union men who were charged with stealing a horse from a Southern sympathizer. "Some days ago we published the arrest of J. M. McQuerry, C. A. Connor and W. T. Connor, charged with having stolen a horse from James Green, of Johnson County. The cases yesterday came up for examination before the Recorder, who I ordered the defendants to be delivered over to the military authorities for trial. We presume that some peculiarity In the affair had caused a requisition for such delivery. The I examination came off yesterday afternoon, before Major McConnell, Assistant Provost Marshal General of the District.

It appeared that the defendants had sold a horse for $90 to :Mr. John Fenn. Green swore that the horse was his and stolen from him. Defendants denied his testimony, and insisted

that Green acted through malice as a rebel, they being Union men; also, that, having taken the oath of allegiance, and being still a rebel, hill oath and testimony could not longer be respected as valid. In his interrogatories of Green, Major McConnell led him to confess anti-Union sentiments. The defendants were released, the money restored to them, and Green was committed to the Gratiot street prison for alleged and avowed disloyalty." Note the expression, "Some peculiarity in the affair." In those days there was nothing "peculiar" about a Southern sympathizer being landed in prison for attempting to recover his property.

TWO LINCOLN COUNTY UNION MEN

Captain Richard Wommack, of Company G, Third Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, resigned April 24, 1862. However disappointed were his friends that he chose the Union side, none ever questioned his sincerity or his unselfish patriotism. Of all the public men in Lincoln County he was the most popular. He was a just and honorable man and to the day of his death was respected and esteemed by all good men. He was one of my best friends.

John Brooks Henderson, like Captain Wommack, was a native of Virginia. He was born November 16, 1826, and came to Lincoln County, Missouri, in 1832, where both of his parents died before he was ten years old. He represented Pike County in the Legislature in 1848 and again in 1856. He shaped the railroad and banking laws of 1857; was a presidential elector in 1856 and 1860. He was the author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and was among the original agitators of the suffrage provision embodied in the Fifteenth Amendment. He was one of the seven Republican Senators who voted for acquittal in the impeachment of President Johnson. In thus voting he terminated his political career, rather than violate his conviction of right. His honesty has never been questioned.

A MUSTER ROLL

Comrade W. C. Harrison, of Fulton, Callaway County, kindly loaned me three muster rolls of his company printed and written on the brown paper used by the Confederate Government. The figures after each name indicate the age at time of enlistment.

Muster Roll of Captain D. W. Craig's company, enlisted for one year and enrolled in Callaway County, July 1, 1862, by Colonel Porter:

D. W. Craig, 44, captain; G. R. Brooks, 22, first lieutenant; W. W. Craig, 29, second lieutenant; P. Wilkerson, 34, junior second lieutenant; John W. Pace, 28, first sergeant; James S. Hart, 21, second sergeant; Thompson Fry, 24, third sergeant; William Mounce, 20, fourth sergeant; L. D. Brooks, 20, fifth sergeant; Craig Gaines, 40, first corporal; S. I. Smith, 28, second corporal; J. W. Davis, 21, third corporal; J. W. Creed, 22, fourth corporal; W. H. Albertson, 22; Garret Adair, 20; D. Adams, 20; E. R. Adams, 16; S. P. Brooks, 25; Charles Boyle, 19; C. W. Baynham, 20; Samuel Burt 18; J. W. Boulware, 27; Moses Beaven, 27; J. Y. Brown, 21 ; James Blue, 22 ; J. W. Bull, 19; J. R. Collier, 28 ; L. G. Clopton, 22 ; George Craghead, 20; John Calicoat, 17;

S. N. Clark, 28; H. Chick, 21; S. S. Craghead, 21; J ule Crushon, 37; W. S. Crews, 22; R. A. Crews, 20; J. H. Crowson, 24; J. R. Craghead, 24; J. H. Craghead, 28; G. D. Cason, 17; H. G. Carlton, 28; William Douglas, 30; George Dunlap, 22; A. Dickerson, 17; J. T. Davis, 21; W. B. Dickson, 18; Thomas Ford, 23; Y. A. Faubion, 20; J. P. Ferree, 38; William S. Gilbert, 24; R. R. Goff, 35; J. D. Griffin 23' A. Glasscock, 25; William Glasscock, 27; George G;egg,' 18; Ben Griggs, 25; William Gass, 20; J. W. D. Hudson, 45; William Harding, 22; M. Hereford, 20; John H. Holland, 20, James Hays, 19; Bent Hays, 22; J. T. Houseman, 25; W. C. Harrison, 25; James Humphreys, 21; J ames Jones, 23; D. G. Kemper, 21; A. J. Keeling, 11; H. I. Li1:€r, 22; J. O. Leake, 26; John Malony, 22; William McCowen, 11; J. T. McDonald, 20; J. F. Moran, 28; James McMurtry, 17; R. S. McKinney, 17; F. M. McGrew, 24; P. J. Meadows, 18; W. R. Nevins, 17; Berryman Nichols, 20; Joseph Orno, 46; J. L. Pierce, 33; James Pugh, 27; James Rupert, 19; Joseph Ringo, 25; John W. Ridgway, 28; John Rodgers, 30; J. H. Snedecor, 16; George Smith, 11; l( M. Stephens, 21; E. M. Sitton, 19; Henry Spatswell, 21; William Sallee, 19; J. W. Stokes, 20; H. H. Stokes, 28; J. H. Stewart, 17; Drury Treadway, 34; Irwin Treadway, 19; R. E. Thomas, 16; W. R. Terry, 25; William Utt, 24; Thomas Utt, 22; A. R. Vanhorn, 21; Sam Womack, 17; Edward Walton, 22; James Wright, 16; Ben Wood, 23; W. F. Wadley, 21; D. I. Wainscot, 20; A. C. White, 16; F. Y. Wilkerson, 24; Thomas Wadley, 18; H. C. Young, 17; E. G. Young, 21.

The commissioned officers were elected and non-commissioned officers were appointed November 9, 1862.

G. R. BROOKS, Captain, Co. E.. 9th Mo. Infty.

Nov. 9, 1863.-(Place not given.)

On margin below the certificate is the memorandum: A true copy of original at organization of company. In the roll of August 30, 1863, at Little Rock, Arkansas, as Company H, of the Ninth Regiment, Missouri Volunteer Infantry, Colonel John B. Clark, Jr., commanding, S. I. Smith is put down as fourth sergeant instead of William Mounce; W. C. Harrison as fifth sergeant instead of L. B. Brooks; John McDonald as second corporal instead of S. I. Smith, and John Creed as third corporal instead of J. W. Davis.

The names not on former muster roll are: E. S. Creed, W. H. McKelvey, Sam Matier, James Simco and J. D. Treadway.

Discipline, instruction, military appearance, arms, accoutrements are marked as good; clothing inferior. The officers and men number sixty-one. At Camp Kirby Smith, from February 29, 1864, to June 30, 1864, Colonel R. H. Musser, George R. Brooks is given as captain; W. W. Craig, first lieutenant; James S. Hart, second lieutenant ; John W. Pace, junior second Lieutenant; Thompson Fry, first sergeant; S. 1. Smith, second sergeant; W. C. Harrison, third sergeant; John T. McDonald fourth sergeant; William P. Gass, fifth sergeant; John W.' Creed,

first corporal; John Malony, second corporal; Samuel S. Craghead, third corporal; H. G. Carlton, fourth corporal. James S. Hart was acting adjutant to the regiment. W. H. Albertson

detailed as clerk in adjutant's office, brigade headquarters. L. D. Brooks sick in hospital at Little Rock. C. W. Baynham wounded at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1863, still near that place. J. W. Boulware, wounded same time and place, sent to hospital at Shreveport. James Blue and G. D. Cason, sick in hospital, Little Rock. S. N. Clark, taken prisoner at Pleasant Hill, I..a., April 9, 1863, since exchanged and now sick near Pleasant Hill. William S. Gilbert, detailed as courier June 15, 1863, by order of General Frost, to report to same. J. L. Pierce, left sick on the march from Little Rock. J. H. Snedecor, wounded at Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas, April 30, 1864, since furloughed for sixty days. George Smith, detailed at (illegible) by order of Colonel Clark, report to same. Henry Spatswell, left sick in hospital at Little Rock. J. W. Simco, wounded at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1863, now in hospital in Kingston. Garrett Adair, died August 8, 1863. A. R. Vanhorn, left sick near Mansfield, April 14, 1864. John Chillicoat, killed in the action at Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas, April 30, 1864. J. D. Griffin, died from wound received in action at Jenkins Ferry, May 10, 1864. Fifty-one officers and men.

Record of events: This company has been engaged twice since last muster. At Pleasant Hill, on the 9th of April, 1864 there were thirteen men wounded, none killed. At Jenkins Ferry, 30th of April, 1864, one man killed in the action one died from wounds received there, and seven were wounded. Traveled the distance of seven hundred miles since the 20th of March, 1864.

Discipline, instruction, arms and accoutrements good; military appearance fair and would be good if the men were clothed; clothing wretched.

THE LAST GUNS

There were many Missourians on each side in the battle of Blakeley. After it had been in progress some time the Confederate commander received information of the surrender of Joe Johnston. He immediately ordered the white flag hoisted. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas M. Carter, of my native county of Lincoln, who died last year (1908), commanded a Confederate regiment. He ordered his men not to look at the flag and not to cease firing without his orders. He then hid himself. It was nearly an hour before he was found. When he was compelled to give the order to cease firing he cried like a child. Thus it was that the last guns of the war were fired by Lincoln County Confederate soldiers.

In the Trans-Mississippi Department, after the surrender of Lee and Johnston, the Missouri officers, Generals Price and Shelby, and Colonels Lewis and Musser, with the enthusiastic

endorsement of their troops, endeavored to arrange matters for a concentration in Texas and a resistance until the last Missourian had laid down his life. (See Shelby and His Men, by Edwards.) But the movement failed. The wail of Shelby in his last address indexed the sentiment of every Missouri Confederate:

SOLDIERS OF SHELBY'S DIVISION!

The crisis of a nation's

fate is upon you. I come to you in this hour of peril and of gloom, as I have often come when your exultant shouts of victory were loud on the breezes of Missouri, relying upon your patriotism, your devotion, your heroic fortitude and endurance. By the memory of our past efforts, our brilliant reputation, our immortal dead, our wicked and riven hearthstones,

our banished and insulted women, our kindred fate and kindred ruin, our wrongs unrighted and unavenged, I conjure you to stand shoulder to shoulder and bide the tempest out. I promise to remain with you until the end. To share your dangers, your trials, your exile, your destiny, and your lot shall be my lot, and your fate shall be my fate, and come what may, poverty, misery, exile, degradation. Oh! never let your spotless banner be tarnished by dishonor. If there be any among you who wish to go from our midst when ~e dark hour comes, and the bright visions of liberty are paleing beyond the sunset shore, let him bid farewell to the comrades whom no danger can appeal and no disaster deter, for the curse of the sleepless eye and the festering heart will be his reward, as the women of Missouri, the Perils of a ruined Paradise, shall tell how Missouri braves fought until the Confederate Flag "by inches was torn from the mast."

Stand by the ship, men, as long as there is one plank upon another. All your hopes and fears are there. All that life holds nearest and dearest is there. Your bleeding mother-land, pure and stainless as an angel-guarded child, is there. The proud, imperial South, the nurse of your boyhood and the priestess of your faith is there, and calls upon you, her children, her best and bravest, in the pride and purity of your blood, to rally round her altar's shrine, the blue skies and green fields of your nativity, and send your scornful challenge forth, "The Saxon breasts are equal to the Norman steel."

If Johnston follows Lee, and Beauregard and Maury and Forrest all go; if the Trans-Mississippi Department surrender its arms and quit the contest, let us never surrender. For four long years we have taught each other to forget that word, and it is too late to learn it now. Let us meet as we have met in many dark hours before, with the hearts of men who have drawn the sword and thrown away the scabbard, and resolve with the deep, eternal, irrevocable resolution of freemen, that we will never surrender.

This Missouri Division Surrender? My God! ,Soldiers, it is more terrible than death.

THE BLACKFOOT RANGERS

Captain Harvey McKinney organized this company at Everetts Boone County and when he was promoted to colonel lieutenant L. M. Frost was elected captain and later on John Bowles was made first lieutenant. Their first battle was at Moore's Mill. Judge O. C. Turner sends thirty-nine other names as members of this company, these being all he can remember: Ben Ashcorn, William Barrett, Henry Batterton, Rance Batterton, Nathan Bowles, Richard Bowles, James Brown, Harrison Brown, Perry Brown, Riley Brown, William Brown, Daniel Davenport, Harrison Davenport, John Davenport, Milton Davenport, Mat. Evans, W. R. Frost, John Hendricks, John Jeffries, Washington Jones, John McKenzie, Frank Patton, John Patton, Henry Pigg, Tuck Powell, George Rowland, Marion Rowland, Abe Rumans, James Rumans, John Rumans, William Smith, Ben Stephens, James Taylor, Arch Turner, A. C. Turner, C. C. Turner, T. B. Wade, Sam Wheeler and Frank White.

THE BURNING OF JOINER'S HOME

Shortly after the battle of Moore's Mill Comrade Joiner's home was burned by a detail of Company I, Second Missouri State Militia, under Lieutenant William J. Holliday. "Old Robert Joiner, living several miles northwest of Shelbyville, in the edge of Tiger Fork township, was accused of 'keeping a rendezvous for guerrillas and murdering bushwhackers,'"

according to the History of Shelby County, page 737, and his was one of the houses- the houses of certain Confederates in Shelby were burned by order of the military authorities, Generals McNeil and Merrill."

Continuing, the account says: ''Dinner was cooking when the burning party arrived. The orders were, 'You have half an hour to get out your things.' The soldiers assisted the family in removing everything to a place of safety. There was but one man about the premises, a Mr. Cochrane, a son-in-law of Joiner's, who made his home here. His wife was very ill and was borne out of doors on the lounge whereon she was lying. Harry Latimer's wife, a daughter of Joiner's, was then living at her father's with her children, while her husband was out with

Porter. A few days later he was captured and executed. Mr. Joiner himself was a prisoner in Shelbyville at the time. His three sons were in the Confederate service.

"Not only was .Joiner's house burned, but his barn and all the out-buildings. A new sled was drawn out of the barn before the building was fixed. When the fire had swept away

everything the family found homes among the neighbors. Not long afterwards Joiner was released on oath and bond and returned to his family. But he had contracted a sever~

cold in prison, and his health and spirits were broken. The next spring he died. Both Joiner and Holliday were old pioneers together, and among the very first settlers. But the

war made enemies everywhere and among all classes.

"Captain A. G. Priest, of Company I, was sent into Jefferson township to burn some houses down there-'bushwhackers' nests' the militia called them. The dwellings of Carter Baker and John Maupin, below Clarence, were burned. Carter Baker had been wounded in one of the skirmishes of Porter's raid, and was lying in a bed stiff and sore when he was borne on his couch into the yard, with his 'Lares and Penates.' He cursed at the harsh policy of burning the houses of wounded men and swore at the Federals generally. 'Hush,' said Captain Priest, impressively, 'you may be thankful that your life is spared. There are men here who would kill you gladly and throw your body into the fire while your house is burning, and I can hardly restrain them."

DR. W. W. MACFARLANE

MACON CITY, Mo., September ~, 18693.

MAJOR CALDWELL:

You will dispose of the prisoners as below directed in each case. The execution will be by shooting to death and I desire that it may be done publicly and with due form and solemnity,

inasmuch as I wish the necessary effect produced without being compelled again to order an execution:

1st. John Gastemee, to be shot to death on Friday, the 5th of September, between the hours of 10 o'clock a. m. and 3 o'clock p. m., at Mexico, Mo.

LEWIS :MERRILL,

Brigadier-General, Comdg. Northeast Missouri Division.

2d. William W. McFarland, to be shot to death on :Friday, the 5th of September, between the hours of 10 o'clock a. m. and 3 o'clock p. m., at Mexico, Mo.

LEWIS MERRILL,

Brigadier-General, Comdg. Northeast Missouri Division.

To be taken to the execution ground and the following order then read to him:

In consideration of the noble stand taken for the right by your brother, Captain McFarland, of the Ninth Missouri State Militia, the commanding general is pleased to order that your life be spared and your sentence commuted to confinement during the war. This is a tribute to the patriotism and sense of duty of ,your brother, and not out of consideration for a man who has not only committed the crime of unlawfully, and in violation of all the rules of civilized war, taking up arms against his Government, but who has added to that crime the fearful offense of blackening with perjury a soul already stained with crimes which no right-minded man can view except with horror and disgust. Let the awful example before you teach you the lesson you evidently so much need, and show by your earnest repentance of your crimes that you are again worthy to be called brother by an honest man.

LEWIS MERRILL,

Brigadier-General, Comdg. Northeast Missouri Division.

3d. Solomon Donaldson, to be shot to death on Friday, the 5th of September, between the hours of 10 o'clock a. m. and 3 o'clock p. m., at Mexico, Mo.

LEWIS MERRILL,

Brigadier-General, Comdg. Northeast Missouri Division.

Dr. Macfarlane, now practicing medicine in Mexico, Missouri, the only unwounded prisoner captured at Moore's Mill, his capture being due to partial color blindness, writes: After my commutation from' shooting to imprisonment I was sent to Gratiot street prison, St. Louis, September 20, 1862, where I remained until January 7, 1863. I Wag then sent to the prison at Alton, where I remained to the end of that year. I worked in the two prisons for fifteen months. I do not know that my brother had anything to do with my commutation of sentence. Two old friends of my father wemt to see General Merrill and secured a change of sentence. After a few days' confinement Gafltamee was unconditionally discharged and he returned to his home in Kentucky. The last I ever heard of Donaldson he was in Alton prison.

COLONEL OATES, OF ALABAMA

About the middle of August, 1864, Colonel William C. Oates, of the Forty-eighth Alabama regiment of infantry, was brought into Howard's Grove hospital, Richmond, Va., with his right arm amputated very near the shoulder. The wound was healing favorably and without suppuration, but the following from his book, "The War Between the Union and the Confederacy," page 380, tells of a nearly fatal hemorrhage: "Just three weeks after I was wounded, one night when all the doctors except Joseph A. :Mudd were down in the city at a ball or some entertainment, the ligature sloughed off the sub-clavian artery and the blood poured out of me in a sluice. I sank very rapidly. Doctor Mudd got to me, seized my shoulder, and stopped it. :My bed was I flooded with blood. I saw death close at hand. :My whole life passed rapidly before me in panorama, and while I felt a regret that I had not been a better man, yet I was not afraid I to die, but preferred to live. It was a very consoling thought that I had never committed any great crime. I scarcely had a hope of living through the night." I happened to be the

officer of the day, on which account I had to sleep in the office. Had I not been a very light sleeper, always awakened by the slightest unusual noise, Colonel Oates would never

have sat in the Federal Congress or been governor of Alabama.

A REBEL LETTER CARRIER

3820 'WINDSOR PLACE, ST. LOUIS,

January 14,1908.

Sir: While in Troy, Missouri, last week, during my trial for killing Joe Hines, I had the pleasure of meeting your brother, Mr. A. H. Mudd, one of the jury which in a short time vindicated my action in the case. He called my attention to your notice in the Free Press asking the names of any old Confederates who knew Colonel Joe Porter. I not only had the pleasure of knowing him, but also the honor of being in the same command under General Price, and we were in many long marches and battles together; notably, Shelbina, Lexington, Pea Ridge or Elkhorn. I was quite near him when he received a wound in the head at Lexington. He and Colonel Martin E. Green captured the steamer Sunshine, with Federal troops on board, at Glasgow and transferred several thousand troops from the north side of the Missouri River and all joined General Price at Lexington. I was pilot on the Sunshine after her capture and I took her up

to Lexington. After the army was reorganized and the State Guard was turned over to the Confederate States I lost track of Colonel Porter. He was an honorable man and a brave

soldier. Yours,

AB. C. GRIMES.

The Missouri Democrat of September 6, 1862, tells of the capture of the rebel letter carrier, Abner Grimes, and prints a number of letters found in his bag, including several from young ladies in North Missouri to their lovers in the Confederate army. One from a father to his son is worth preserving:

FULTON, Mo., August 27th, 1865.

My DEAR SON: Your letter of the 10th August is at hand. In answer to which I would say we are all in good health, and have good crops and the neighbors are generally well.

The Feds have played hell here since you left. None of them are in town now. The brush is full of rebels in every direction. Will probably get up a considerable army when they concentrate. We have some damn big fights, within hearing of our house every day. A very severe engagement took place at Moore's Mill on the St. Louis road about two weeks since--they gave the Federals particular hell, killing some nineteen and wounding three times that number. They have had me in limbo twice-the first time for general disloyalty, the second

time for hailing my oId friend, Milt. Davis, who the Federals mistook for Jeff. of Mississippi. They kept me about one month and I ate so damn much they had to release me as a

matter of economy to the Government. Bill Walton and all the boys are in camp, ready for any emergency. The draft in the State, if attempted, will drive the entire population (with the exception of a few dead heads) into the brush, women, children and negroes not excepted. Tell old Price, for God's sake come on; if he delays much longer the Feds will utterly desolate the country. Boys, I want you to fight like hell until this matter is settled.

Your father,

JOHN L. TAYLOR.

TOO BAD EVEN FOR HURLBURT

The Sixteenth Illinois Regiment in its short stays in Northeast Missouri earned so unsavory a reputation for all manner of cruel and indecent outrages that General S. A. Hurlburt, commanding at Quincy, who was not a man of the finest or tenderest feeling, issued, July 14, 1861, to Colonel John M. Palmer, of the Fourteenth Illinois, who was afterwards

governor of Illinois, United States Senator, and who, in 1896 with the Confederate General, Simon B. Buckner, was the Gold Democratic candidate for President, the following order:

SIR : Your regiment is ordered back tomorrow to be joined by Colonel Grant's, who will bring you detailed orders and meet you at Palmyra. I regret .to learn that disorder and depredations have marked the Sixteenth Regiment III Missouri. As senior colonel you will repress this at all hazards. No violence or robbery, no insults to women and children, no

wanton destruction of property will be tolerated. License must be repressed by the sharpest remedies and any officer who permits or encourages it will lose his commission.

Yours,

S. A. HURLBURT,

Brigadier-General, U. S. Vols.

On the same day he wrote an emphatic order to Colonel Smith of the Sixteenth, and two days later issued General Order No. 2, on same subject.

A MISFIT OFFICER

Colonel Lipscomb's military record was not a very glorious one. He was more successful in applying rude and abusive language and epithets to Mrs. Porter while a defenseless prisoner

than he was in fighting her husband. With a force superior in numbers by ten to one he allowed Colonel Porter to get away with less loss than he himself received. The History of Lewis County, page 115, thus tells of it: Hearing of the invasion of this portion of the territory over which they claimed absolute control, the Federals at once set about to drive out the presumptuous Confederates. Colonel Henry S. Lipscomb and Majors Benjamin and Rogers, with some companies of the Eleventh Missouri State Militia, set out at once, struck the trail and followed it to Colony. Here they were joined by Major Pledge with a detachment of the Second Missouri State Militia, and the united forces pressed rapidly on, marching night and day, until the 26th of June, when they overtook Porter at Cherry Grove in the northeastern part of Schuyler County, near the Iowa line, where, with a superior force, they attacked and defeated him, routing his forces and driving them southward. The loss in this fight was inconsiderable on either side, but among the Federals killed were Captain Horace E. York, of Lipscomb's regiment, and Porter lost Connell R. Bashore, of Palmyra. Porter at the head of the main body of his command retreated rapidly, followed by Lipscomb, who moved very leisurely, and did not seem at all anxious to overtake his enemy. For what was considered his mismanagement of the affair at Cherry Grove, and his inefficiency in pursuit, Colonel Lipscomb was subsequently removed from command. He was discharged July 18, 1862.

THE PALMYRA COURIER'S ACCOUNT OF THE CAPTURE OF PALMYRA

The Courier of September 12, 1862, says: After working off about 200 of our edition last night for the early mails, we retired to rest, the town being unusually quiet. This (Friday) morning, about 6 o'clock, as we awoke, we arose and stepped to the window to close an open blind. ]'ive armed men at that moment filed up before the front of our residence. They were dressed in citizen's clothes, and the first thought was that they were Enrolled Militia. The truth at the next instant flashed upon us. They were veritable bushwhackers, and the house was undoubtedly surrounded. Brief time for escape was left. How that time was improved it is not worth while to relate. The house was within two minutes thoroughly searched by armed rebels, with huge navy revolvers cocked and thrust forward as if anticipating a formidable foe. But the search for the editor was vain. The bird had flown. We relate these incidents as illustrative of the manner in which the town was entered; for although pickets were stationed upon all the principal avenues leading into the town, not a shot was fired, not an alarm was given, not a drum beat a single tap, until fifteen minutes after our residence and that of Colonel Lipscomb had been surrounded, and the Colonel himself taken prisoner. The occurrences took place within one square (diagonally) of the court-house; yet all was so quietly done that the town seemed sunk in the deepest slumber. The rebels 'were not long after this discovered at "quarters," when the drums at the court-house and Louthan's store beat the alarm, arousing the slumbering soldiers and citizens to a sense of their critical position.

It appears that the rebels, about three hundred and fifty or four hundred strong, stealthily approached the city from the west, hitching their horses in the woods a half or three-quarters

of a mile west of the limits of the city. They then came through the fields by Mr. Berkley Summers's residence, thence through Sloan's Addition, north of the residence of Mrs. Mahan, and thence east as far as Main Street. They surrounded the residence of Colonel Lipscomb a few moments before they did our own. A servant opening the door of his dwelling, without warning to his family, three young ruffians rushed instantly into his bedroom and presenting close to his breast, in the presence of his wife, three double-barreled shotguns, ready cocked, cried out: "Surrender! surrender! surrender !" He demanded to know who they were. Their only reply was: "Surrender!" After marching him one and a half miles west of town he was permitted to return to his family, who occupied an exposed point, on condition that he would take no part in the fight then progressing, but remain in his house ready to answer the demand of Porter at its close. It seems that they left in too much haste to make the demand.

The main body of their forces was stationed in companies upon Olive, Church and Hamilton streets, between Dickinson and Spring streets, and along Spring street. Some of them ventured up to Main street on Olive, but most of them kept one square west of Main. A company in command (it is thought) of .John N. Hicks, was stationed on Olive, south of and behind the residence of Dr. Lafon. Others entered the Methodist Church and cutting out slats from the north window blinds, brought their guns to bear upon the courthouse, a square distant. Some approached to Main street and sheltered themselves at Shepherd's corner from the fire of our boys at Louthan's store, one square north and across the street. Another company was stationed near the Presbyterian Church, and west of Mr. Lipscomb's residence. An other company still was a street farther south. Other companies or detachments went to the Hannibal and St. Joe depot, stopping the up train, and taking prisoner Mr. Alex. Leighton, belonging to the Palmyra company Enrolled Militia. They soon released him on parole. '

Meantime, little or no fighting had occurred. Our forces were as follows: Thirty of Captain Dubach's Hannibal company (E), stationed at the court-house; twenty-two of the same company at the jail, (one square west of the courthouse) a part of the Palmyra and West Ely companies, Enrolled Militia, (numbering perhaps thirty) at Louthan's two story brick store, corner of Main and Lafayette streets; a few citizens-perhaps six or eight-also gathered there.

The rebels, passing through the alley leading from Olive to Lafayette streets, between Main and Dickinson, got into the drinking saloon of Thomas Reed, and also into the room of Thompson's store, immediately south of the court-house. They also got into the brick residence of Mrs. Willock, just south of the jail, from which they commanded the courthouse.

They soon opened fire from these various places, at tolerably long range, upon the court-house. This was replied to with so much spirit by our troops that the rebels were not much inclined to follow it up. In the j ail were nearly :fifty rebel prisoners. They have been guarded by twelve men: but at the first alarm Captain Dubach sent ten more to their support. These, in the brick part of the jail, were deemed sufficient to hold it against almost any number. One of the principal designs of the rebels seem to be to release these prisoners. The firing had

not been long in progress when the officer in command of the jail, Sergeant E. 0'. Davis, it is charged, contrary to the unanimous desire of his command, displayed a white flag. Lieutenant Daulton at once hauled it down. It was displayed again, and again indignantly hauled down. It is said that the sergeant for the third time displayed the flag, and that it was even then torn away by the brave soldier. By this time the rebels, availing themselves of the confusion caused by these acts among the defenders of the Jail, had so surrounded it, and taken such positions, that resistance would have been madness, and they were compelled to surrender. Two or three of our troops threw down their guns, and escaped through the rebels. The rest were taken to their camp, west of town, and there paroled. The soldiers at the jail are very indignant at the conduct of Sergeant Davis, and consider it disgraceful in the extreme. What he may have to say for himself we do not know.

Meantime, scattering shots were exchanged between our forces and the rebels, who took good care to keep well out of range of our Enfield rifles. One citizen, a German Union man, Mr. J. B. Liborius, unarmed, in front of his store, east of Main street (nearly opposite the court-house), was shot in the head by the rebels and almost instantly killed. He was an industrious, good citizen. The same shot struck a soldier of the 11th M. S. M., who was standing just behind Mr. Liborius, and entering at the nose, caused a dangerous if not a mortal wound. His

name is Phillips. In the court-house two of our men were wounded. One was Thomas Arnold, of Company E, Hannibal Enrolled Militia, wounded severely, but not dangerously, in the right

thigh. The other was a soldier named Ryland, belonging to Company B, 2nd Regiment, M. S. M. He was wounded in the breast-it is feared mortally. Sergeant Silas Renick, of Lieutenant. B. Laird's recruiting party (stationed here), belonging to the 11th Regiment, Missouri Volunteers, U. S. A., was shot three times by the rebels as he was returning from Louthan's store to the recruiting office, a block and a half south, nearly opposite the National Hotel. He had, against the remonstrances of Lieutenant Laird, gone down to Louthan's store at the first alarm. After being there some moments he thought it a false alarm, and began to return. Meantime, a party of rebels had gathered together at Shepherd's three-story brick building, on the south side, and were peering around the corner. He seeing them, and mistaking them for militia, began to cross diagonally to meet them. They called upon him to halt, which he did. He then stepped forward, when they fired a whole volley upon him. He fell, but rising, struggled on, when he was again fired upon. He finally reached the west side of the pavement and crawled into the reC€ss made by the closed front doors of Shepherd's store. There he bled profusely and suffered intensely.

We have here to record an act of courage of the noblest sort upon the part of a lady. Mrs. A. B. Lansing, seeing the wounded man from her residence on the east side of Main street, asked permission to cross the street to attend him. The rebels replied that she would do so at her peril. She did not hesitate a moment, but, taking a pitcher of water, crossed the street, going directly across the line of the firing between the rebels at the corner and our men at Louthan's store, and furnished water to the stricken man, now tortured by raging thirst. How grateful the draught of water I How noble the act! No pen can fully paint the true and unselfish heroism of that one incident. Renick, though dreadfully wounded in his arm and body, finally managed to arise and walk across the street to Mrs. Muldrow's, where he was kindly treated by ladies. It is hoped that the wounds are not mortal. These embrace all the causalities we have heard on our side. They include one killed, three dangerously and one severely I wounded.

The rebel lOBS, as far as ascertained, was one killed and one dangerously wounded. The one killed was McLaughlin, a resident, we believe, of this county. He was shot through the head while in Reed's saloon; was taken to the Methodist Ohurch, where he soon died, and was left a ghastly spectacle. Henry Bowles was shot while standing close by Lafon's house, by a ball from the court-house. He was carried away by his comrades-placed in a carriage and taken off. It is supposed he was dangerously wounded in the breast or stomach. Reports were circulated that eight 01" ten rebels were seen lying out west of the railroad, but they are not well authenticated.

After about two hours' stay in the place, the rebels left as suddenly as they appeared. They returned to their horses, and, it is reported, took a northerly direction. They carried off with them as prisoners Mr. Andrew Allsman, an old and well known citizen of this place; also Mr. Chas. Maddock, of this county. They entered the gun shop of Mr. Fred Milstead by breaking in the back door, and completely ridding It of Its contents. They took a large number of rifles, muskets and shotguns placed there by our military for repairs; also all the private arms and stock owned by Mr. M. They smashed in his show cases, shivering the glass to atoms, and doing a great deal of wanton and needless injury. Indeed, they left the interior of his shop pretty much a wreck. He places his loss at $1,500. They entered no other store 01' shop that we know of.

From Dr. Hinde and Colonel Lipscomb they took each a horse. From private houses we have not heard that they took anything. In their behavior toward our own family we must do them the justice to say they behaved very gentlemanly. They disturbed nothing in or about the premises. The peaches suffered more than anything else. We hope they did not kill any of our cats when they amused themselves with firing into the thick tomato vines and other vegetable shelters in the garden. If they did we forgive them.

About 8 o'clock the town was once more clear, and citizens began to show themselves again upon the street. Dispatches were sent to Hannibal and Quincy for reinforcements. About 11 o'clock a. m. Colonel Hayward came from Hannibal with Company D, E. :M., and with several other companies. Other and heavy reinforcements are looked far from Quincy or elsewhere-that is, if the authorities take any interest in the matter. If they don't we suppose the town will go to -grass. By a comparison of the views of various observing parties, we place the number of rebels actually in town at between three hundred and fifty and four hundred. That they had a considerable reserve force at no very great distance, we are satisfied.

All the rebel chieftains in this part of the country were here. They were: Jo Porter, Jim Porter, "Crockett" Davis, Snyder (the same who figured at Ashley), John N. Hicks, :Morris Gibbons and Dave Davenport. All these persons were seen and recognized, beyond the slightest doubt, by parties personally acquainted with them. Colonel Lipscomb himself, while a prisoner, saw and conversed with both the Porters, Davenport, Davis and Gibbons. As he has long known them personally there can be no mistake in the matter. We cannot close this hastily drawn sketch without saying that Captain Dubach and all his company showed the true grit, and would never have surrendered. The West Ely and 'Palmyra boys were also full of fight, and ready to give the bushwhackers "particular fits" wherever there was a chance.

THE PALMYRA MASSACRE

Almost immediately after the tragedy McNeil left Palmyra and, taking a boat at Hannibal, reached St. Louis Sunday morning. The next day the Missouri Democrat said editorially: "General McNeil, who has so distinguished himself as commander of the military forces in Northeast Missouri, arrived in St. Louis yesterday from Palmyra. The general reports things very quiet in his district.

"On Saturday last he caused ten of the rebel prisoners to be shot, a very extreme and harsh measure, and a very trying duty, yet one which he could not, under any circumstances, avoid. It appears that when Porter took Palmyra among the prisoners was an inoffensive old man named Allsman, for whom the guerrillas, for some unexplained reason, entertained a great dislike. All other prisoners captured by Porter were released but him, and nothing having been heard of him it was supposed he was murdered by the outlaws. Soon after his capture, General McNeil issued an order, which was published in the papers, to the effect that if Mr. Allsman was not released in ten days or his absence satisfactorily accounted for, he should cause ten of the prisoners in his custody to be shot. No response having been made, he selected ten who had already forfeited their lives by violation of parole, and caused them, as we have stated, to be shot on Saturday last.

"The proceeding caused much feeling in Palmyra, but it was clearly a case in which there was no alternative, and there is no doubt the example will have a restraining and salutary influence upon the guerrillas who still skulk in the woods of that district."

This and the following from the St. Joseph Herald are fair samples of the temper of the rabid press.: "We wish we had a thousand McNeils In the land. If Jeff. Davis wishes to shoot ten Federal officers let him begin the work. Guerrillas are sent into this State to shoot Union

(There was no such provision In the order; the only terms named or Intimated were that the 'said Andrew Allsman Is returned unharmed to his family within ten days from date.)

men in the back as they pass along the highways attending to their business. General McNeil ordered ten of them to be shot. We wish the number had been greater. It is high time that Missouri was rid of bushwhackers and bushwhacking sympathizers. General McNeil has fearlessly done his duty. Let the Government stand by him, and let Union men everywhere put their feet on men who sympathize with Jeff. Davis in his attempts to prevent the punishment of guerrillas."

Two days after the shooting of the ten prisoners Strachan was relieved of the office of Provost Marshal:

SPECIAL ORDERS No. 13.

HEADQUARTERS N. E. MISSOURI DISTRICT,

MACON CITY, Mo., Oct. ~O, 18614.

The appointment of a Judge Advocate on the staff of the General commanding makes the appointment of a Provost Marshal General no longer necessary in this District. Colonel W. R. Strachan is accordingly relieved from duty as Provost Marshal General, and all reports and returns heretofore required to be sent to his office will be sent to these Headquarters, addressed to "Judge Advocate, N. E. District."

In relieving Colonel Strachan from his duties the General takes occasion to thank him publicly for his zeal and the success which has attended the discharge of his duties. His services have been invaluable and cheerfully and efficiently rendered; and his thorough Unionist and sagacious discharge of his duty have done much toward the success which has attended the handling of rebels in this district.

By order of Brigadier General Lewis Merrill.

GEO. M. HOUSTON, Major and..4. A. G.

Under the heading of "The Missouri Execution," an editorial in the New York Times of December 1, 1862, says: "We are not surprised to find our foreign exchanges unanimous in their execrations of the act of General McNeil, of Missouri, in shooting ten rebel prisoners in alleged retaliation for the disappearance of one Union mail when the rebels took possession of the town of Palmyra. The Times, the Herald, the Post, and other open and avowed advocates of the rebel cause, denounce the act with all the venom which their hatred of the Union cause naturally engenders. But the censure of the Star and other friendly journals are all the more weIghty, because less unmeasured in their language and prompted by a real zeal for the honor of the American name. The Star, while it 'will not admit even a momentary supposition that the Federal Government can lose an instant in washing its hands of the stain of this bloody business,' declares that 'if sanctioned or even tolerated, it will justly call down upon its abettors the reprobation of the civilized world.'

"The Star will be glad to learn that McNeil, the actor in this horrid tragedy, is not an officer of the National Army, nor has he any connection with the Government of the United States. He belongs to the "Home Guard" of the State of Missouri, an organization which exists solely under State authority for local defense against lawless marauders in the rebel service, and is outside the control of the National Government. The whole transaction had no legitimate connection with the war between the United States and the rebel Confederacy. It was an affair between lawless, unorganized and unauthorized parties on both sides. The rebel Porter, who commanded the force suspected of having murdered Allsman, was chief of a guerrilla band and McNeil commanded a body of men very similar in its organization and in the object it was intended to accomplish.

"It suits the purposes of our foreign enemies to represent this transaction as the first instance of such lawless butchery during the war, and to throw the entire odium which justly attaches to so flagrant a disregard of the ordinary dictates of Christian civilization upon the Union cause. But it is perfectly notorious that throughout the rebel States for months past men have been hung without even the formalities of military execution, for no crime whatever, but simply for adhering to the Union cause. In Tennessee, in Arkansas, and in Texas we have authentic report of hundreds of such eases' and scores of refugees are now in Northern States who have been guilty of no other offense, and who have saved their lives only by flying from their own States, and by leaving their wives their children, their property, and everything dear to them, to such protection as their rebel authorities may give them. None of these atrocities attract. the slightest attention or comment from the foreign secession press, and yet they are precisely the same in character, though with even less show of justification than this solitary instance of a similar outrage on the Union side.

"All these circumstances, weighty as they ought to be against the comments of our foreign enemies, do not affect in the least the essential character of the transaction. There can be no possible justification for such a butchery; and our Government owes it to itself, to the country, and to the sentiment of the civilized world, to mark by some prompt and distinct action its reprobation of it. Whether it has any such jurisdiction over General McNeil or quasi the military organization with which he is connected as will enable it to punish as it deserves this most barbarous and inhuman act, we cannot say, but whatever power it has in the case, direct or indirect, should be promptly exercised, not only to prevent the threatened retaliation of the rebel President, but to remove from the Union cause the damning stigma which such acts are calculated to impress upon it.

"We reprint in another column the report of the execution of the ten rebel prisoners, which is copied by the English press from the Palmyra Courier, together with a portion of the comments of the London Star. What the English supporters of the rebellion have to say of the matter is of little consequence; but the Star's opinion is entitled to weight because

it is that of a staunch and energetic friend of the Union cause."

In its issue of Thursday, December 4, 1862, the Times says:

"We find the following paragraph in the Troy Daily Times of Friday last: "'THE CASE OF GENERAL McNEIL.

'We perceive that some of our metropolitan contemporaries are squeamish about General McNeil's action in shooting ten men in Missouri, in retaliation for the supposed murder of

a Union guide. They seem to regard it as of a piece with that sort of retaliation which Jeff. Davis proposes. This would, perhaps, be a fair criticism if the persons executed were regular soldiers of the Confederacy. Such was not the case. They were guerrillas-land pirates and outlaws of the basest sort. They were not fighting in regular modes of warfare, but in entire opposition to them-murdering helpless, unarmed men, ravishing women, burning houses, and plundering everything upon which they could lay their hands. By common usage among nations, their lives were forfeited' General McNeil would have been justified in having them shot, even had the outrage for which they suffered never been perpetrated. Our cause is not likely to suffer from too much severity toward the enemy, but from the contrary weakness.'

"Severity toward the enemy' is one thing-and the lawless, unregulated killing of individuals of the enemy who fall into our hands is another, is quite another. We are in favor of 'severity' toward the rebels-and we agree with our Troy namesake in the opinion that our cause is likely to suffer, as it has already suffered, from the 'contrary weakness.' But military severity has its laws, and it is of the utmost importance to those who resort to it that these laws should be carefully observed. There are certain practices in warfare which the whole world is agreed in considering as infamous. No matter what the character of the war may be, nor how righteous the cause, no belligerent can kill the wounded, slaughter the enemies who have surrendered, or butcher prisoners, without calling down upon his head the :lasting execration of the civilized world.

"It is quite possible that the men shot by General McNeil were precisely what the Troy times describes them-'guerrillas, land pirates and outlaws of the basest sort,' and that as such they deserved death. But it is very certain that it was not 10r these crimes that they were shot. Neither their character nor their infamous deeds had anything to do with their execution. If Allsman had been produced within the specified ten days, they would have lived-in spite of their crimes; and so far as appears they would have died for his non-appearance, if their characters had been perfectly spotless.

"Their execution, if ·it had any military character at all, was an act of professed retaliation, and as such we are bound to judge it. Nor should we permit au; righteous animosity against the rebels to swerve us from a just and candid Judgment. If it was not an act of retaliation, It was simply a killing, without trial, without even an accusation of crime, of ten unarmed prisoners. And as an act of retaliation we do not believe it can be justified by any recognized rules of war, or by any precedent which friends of the Union cause would not be ashamed to quote. There was no proof, in the first place, that Allsman had been murdered-he had simply disappeared. No communication, however, was had with the rebel general who was responsible for his fate; no demand was made upon him for his return., nor is there the slightest evidence that he ever knew of the menaced retaliation. It is impossible to admit for a moment that retaliation of any sort can be practiced with such an absence of the forms and safeguards requisite to distinguish it from simple murder.

"We beg the Troy Times and other friends of the Government not to fall into the mistake of supposing that it needs such support as General McNeil was giving it when he shot those men, or that it can afford to adopt the practice of the rebels as the law of its own action. It holds, as they do not, a place among the civilized and Christian nations of the earth, and is thus amenable, both in peace and war, to the laws and usages which have their sanction. It is in no such peril as will warrant it in throwing- aside all such restraints, or in disregarding, as of no moment, the just censure of the Christian world."

The statement of the London Star, referred to and copied by the New York Times, is:

"The Federal Government, the patriots of the Northern States, and all true friends of the cause for which those States are now in arms, have cause to execrate the name of the Federal soldier, General McNeil. That officer has just committed an act of cold-blooded and monstrous cruelty, scarcely equaled by any of the deeds which even the exaggerations of parlizanship has attributed to Tilly, to Claverhouse, or to Haynau. The story of this terrible act of blood will form probably the most painful episode upon which the mind of an American can hereafter dwell when reviewing the incidents of the war. What comment is needed upon a crime like this j Its stupidity is as astounding as its ferocity is terrible. It is as great a blunder as it is a crime. Were General McNeil a greater soldier by far than has appeared on either side since this war began, his services to any cause would be obliterated by such an act. We will not acknowledge that it inflicts any dishonor on the cause of the north, for we would not admit even a temporary supposition that the Federal Government can lose an instant in

washing its hands of the stain of this bloody business. Not the worst enemies of that Government, which, as it has dared great deeds has of course aroused bitter hatreds, could

attribute to it even a momentary participation in the guilt of such a butchery. The military authorities of the North will, no doubt, take steps to signify in an exemplary manner their horror and disgust at conduct, which, if sanctioned, or even tolerated, would justly call down upon its abettors the reprobation of the civilized world. It has been the misfortune of many a great cause, long before this war of abolition, to be flung into a momentary shame by the brutality of some follower, who substituted for zeal the frenzied passion of his own savage nature. No human foresight, no strenuousness of authority, exercised by the chiefs prevent such outrages.

All that the Federal Government can do is to mark its stem condemnation of such a crime, and to take every step that lies within its power to prevent anything like the scene we have described from being ever exhibited again to the eyes of an astounded civilization. "Unfortunately, let the Northern Government do its best, the consequences of such crimes cannot be wholly arrested. The Confederates have not thus far conducted their part of . the warfare in the most generous or chivalrous spirit. The passion which inflames so many Southern minds is rather that of mere fury than that of determined but honorable antagonism. How will the character of the Southern warfare be affected by the news of General McNeil's hideous

exploit ~ How much of unthinking and remorseless ferocity will it not let loose to palliate on the Confederate side ? How many revolting acts of barbarous reprisal may we not have to report on the part of the Southerners before the memory of McNeil's crime can even be subdued? How many an argument, how many an appeal for a new Navarino will not be founded on this isolated and unparalleled deed of one solitary butcher? Will it not be vehemently urged by the enemies of the North that the causes which were made the pretext for intervention in the instance of the Greek Revolution have been supplied and set in full motion by the example of General McNeil? Of late the American struggle had been remarkable for the lenient and generous. arrangement made on both sides to facilitate the free exchange and release of prisoners. Such an event as this we have described may, perhaps, in the passionate hearts of Southern partisans seem some excuse for an Agincourt massacre of their war captives. To degrade or punish the instigator to such excesses will be an easy task. To suppress with his power the calamitous results of his extravagant abuse of it is a task scarcely within the reach of the Federal Government. All that it can do will surely be done, and we doubt not that Northern generals will show in the future an additional magnanimity and mercy in order to clear themselves of my possible suspicion of participation in the acts which fling a temporary odium on the cause they sustain. But the effect which General McNeil's conduct may have in furnishing a pretext for the excesses of Southern passion is, perhaps, destined to imprint his name forever on the most sanguinary page of the history of modern war."

Strachan, relieved of office by its abolishment October 20, had gone to his home in Shelby County, and was in November elected a member of the State legislature. Smarting under the terrible arraignment of the London Star and the New York Times he wrote the latter the following letter. Under the caption of "Vindication of General MeNeil" it is printed in War of the Rebellion, Series I, Volume 22, part 1, page 861.

VINDICATION OF GENERAL McNEIL

HEADQUARTERS PROVOST MARSHAL,

PALMYRA, Mo., December 10, 1862.

To the Editor of the New York Times:

SIR: Noticing in your issue of December 1 an extended extract from foreign papers, accompanied by an editorial upon the execution of ten rebels at this place, which extract and

editorial appear based upon an entire misconstruction of the facts of the case, and thereby casting grave censure upon a meritorious officer, I am led (having by position at the time'

an opportunity of knowing everything connected with the transaction), out of regard to the truth of history, and to do justice to General McNeil, to address you upon the subject. It is very difficult for men removed thousands of miles from the scene of action-men who are placed in a locality where law and order prevail, where loyalty is universal-to begin even to appreciate slightly the deep malice, the enormous <Times, the treacheries, the assassinations, the perjuries that invariably have characterized those, especially in Missouri, who have taken up arms avowedly to destroy their Government. Now, Mr. Editor, here in Missouri our Government commenced by extending toward the rebels in our midst every kindness, and a degree of clemency that soon caused it to be much safer, in every part of our State, to be a rebel than to be a Union man. Every neighborhood was covered, whilst the Government was maintaining within the State a large force, at no time less than fifty thousand men, and often largely overrunning those figures. Still treason continued rampant, traitors publicly held forth on the clemency with which they were treated, regarding it as a proof and confession of the weakness of the Government, that she does not hurt anyone. Union men and their families were forced to leave their homes and their all and fly for protection and for life to the loyal States. I have seen hundreds of wagons on their way to Illinois and other States-families who have lived in independent circumstances forced to live on corn-meal and water and beg their way along. The Union troops, by their kindness, were absolutely offering a premium to treason and to crime. Their presence, under the orders they were forced to act on, became, instead of protection, absolutely a terrible evil. Union men dared not give the troops information; assassination was sure to follow. Things went on from bad to worse.

Soon the scoundrels began the innocent pastime of shooting into the passengers-ears, or burning railroad bridges, not a military necessity, but for the sole purpose of murder.

Hundreds of non-combatants were crippled and murdered wives made insane by the enormous outrages they committed. Some of the men perpetrating these hideous crimes were

caught. I participated in the action of the commission appointed to try them. They were proved guilty and sentenced to be shot; the sentence approved by General Halleck, commanding Department of the Mississippi; that sentence delayed in its execution, and not carried out to this day, some of the miscreants have been turned loose once more. Such clemency proved to he the most horrid cruelty. The unfortunates of our State, who held that loyalty to their Government was a sacred duty and holy duty that they could not east aside, began to look at one another in surprise and horror. Will our Government never understand our situation' Will it continue to strengthen the cause of the robbers and murderers' What is to become of us? Stout-hearted men, whose families would not permit of leaving, sat down in the midst of their household goods and shed tears of hopeless agony. Midnight parties had come round and absolutely disarmed every man of even half-way loyalty. Their horses and wagons, their only available means of transit, were stolen from them. During this time our troops would take prisoner after prisoner. I, myself, acting as provost-marshal-general of the District of Northeastern Missouri, administered the oath of allegiance to several thousand traitors, and took bonds for observance of the oath to the amount of over $1,000,000 ; still no stop to the outrages of the rebels. Finally, General Schofield, whom all who mow must admit to be a gentleman of remarkable kindness of heart, began to come up to the exigency of the times, and issued General Orders No. 18, an extract of which appears hereinafter. That order, has, I believe,

never been countermanded, and is in force to this day. As a specimen of the situation, let me inform you that an old Baptist preacher, named Wheat, was murdered by a rebel gang within five or six miles of Palmyra, his body mutilated and his person robbed of some $800; that a farmer named Carter, living in an adjoining county, suspected of having given information which led to the arrest of a notorious bridge-burner and railroad destroyer, was shot in his own door-yard and in the presence of his wife and children; that a Mr. Preston living but a few miles from the same neighborhood, was taken off by a gang of these men, whom you seem desirous of recognizing as honorable belligerents, and murdered, having an amiable wife and four very interesting children to cry for vengeance upon the assassins of their father. A Mr. Pratt, living a few miles north of Palmyra, a very intelligent farmer, unfortunately an emigrant from Massachusetts, and a man of the very highest moral character, but guilty of being an unswerving Union man, was murdered, leaving a widow and six children to mourn his loss.

A Mr. Spires, an aged man, over seventy years, one of the oldest citizens of Shelby County, (adjoining the county of which Palmyra is the shire town), was taken from his house and hung, and his body mutilated. Other citizens of that county, and those of the highest standing, were taken out and hung until life was nearly extinct. A man named Spaight was taken out, stripped, and brutally whipped. A large body of these rebels went into the town of Canton, in Lewis County, a town not garrisoned, and murdered William Carnegy, a leading merchant and universally respected, but tainted with the leprosy of loyalty. Porter, at the head of several thousand of these guerrillas, went into Memphis, also not garrisoned, seized a Dr. Aylward, the prominent Union man of that locality, and hung him, with a halter made of hickory bark, until he was dead.

I could give you a long list of crimes, the most horrid committed by these scoundrels, that would make even fiends in hell shudder. Their robberies and devastations you, in New York, cannot ever conceive of; but when I say there were thousands upon thousands of these men; that they had no money; that they subsisted wholly by robbery, you may approximate toward an estimate; and all this in a State that refused to secede from the Union, hundreds of miles inside of the Federal lines. General McNeil with a small force was pursuing them, not like the advance of a force in all the "pomp and circumstance of glorious war," but at the rate of forty-five miles per day, often camping at 10 p. m., and breaking camp at 2 a. m. Finally, he caught them at Kirksville, and effectually crushed them, the guerrillas losing over seven hundred men, killed and wounded. The next day fifteen men, caught with arms in their hands, murder in their hearts, and the oath of allegiance to the United States Government in their pockets, were tried and shot. In the particular case of Andrew Allsman, he was a man upward of sixty years or age, taken from his family and murdered.

Of the ten men executed, one of them was one of the party who murdered Mr. Pratt, above alluded to. The other nine men were all caught with arms, and all of them had been once pardoned for their former treason by taking the oath of allegiance to the United States, and had deliberately perjured themselves by going out again-the very oath they took expressly stipulating that "death would be the penalty for a violation of this their solemn oath and parole of honor." Now, sir; are such men entitled to the consideration of honorable warfare (as

you seem to think in your criticism), or are they not rather to be treated as outlaws and beyond the pale of civilization, and, sir, living as we do in Missouri, in times of red revolution, assassination, rapine, in violation of all laws, both human and divine, acts of justice necessarily assume the garb of severity, and the more severe to the criminal the more merciful to the community. And now, in view of the facts I have alluded to, publishing as yon do a loyal paper in a loyal State, a thousand miles removed from the scenes of these outrages, can you unthinking join in the howl raised by the full-fledged and semi-traitors in our midst against such or any other acts that insure the punishment of treasons and traitors 1

Had one-half the severity practiced by the rebels on the Union men of Tennessee, Arkansas, and Missouri been meted out in return to them, every trace of treason would ere this have been abolished from our land. Good cause have the rebels to grumble at that which blasts at once every prospect they might have had for ultimate success. What is war? Is it anything but retaliation i Must we allow our enemies, the enemies of liberty and republicanism, to outrage all the laws of war, and not take some steps to show them the propriety if adhering to those laws i Emissaries from the rebellious States have come into our midst, forming several associations, swearing citizens of a State that would not secede from the Union not to respect any oath or obligation made to the Federal Government. Men enjoying the disgrace of a commission from the rebel government have traveled through our land, hundreds of miles inside of the Federal lines, swearing men, singly and in squads, by stealth and in secret, into the Confederate service, with instructions to go home and wait until called on. These men, thus sworn in, continued day by day to pass themselves on us as loyal citizens, while by night they turned out and harassed their Union neighbors.

Suppose officers from the Confederate Army should go through New York recruiting in the same manner, or suppose Federal officers in disguise should visit Georgia and commence

raising bodies of men, ostensibly for Government service, but in reality to create disturbance in the community- to rob, murder, and destroy, what treatment would they receive ~ Would shooting them or hanging them be considered such a butchery ~ Was Washington, when he signed the order for the execution of Major Andre, to be considered the original Haynau?

Mr. Editor, if you have been a witness to many scenes that attended General McNeil's visits to the various posts of his district, made but two weeks since, when he traversed the whole country on horseback, attended by but two orderlies, when old men would come out of their farm houses, shake hands with the general, call down blessings upon him, ask him to delay so that their wives could come out and thank him for executing justice, which had enabled them to come back once more to their homes, instead of indulging in editorials so harshly condemnatory of that which you do not understand, I think you would have fancied you had just perceived the principle which must prevail to crush this rebellion, and bring us back to our fast wasting prosperity. We here, in the West) have been forced to realize the horrors of revolution. They have been forced on the loyal men of Missouri against their desires and in spite of the efforts of the Federal Government. In addition, we think we are fighting a battle for the world, for humanity, for civilization, for religion, for the honor of our forefathers, for republics, a battle in which the welfare of the myriads of sons of men who are to come after us in every age ;nd country is at stake.

General McNeil has even in the early part of this terrible war been censured from headquarters for being too lenient toward the rebels. Time and experience proved to him that in order to save bloodshed it was necessary to show some examples of severe punishment, and the result in giving security to persons and 'property of loyal men in our section has amply justified the steps taken by him. Do you suppose that a rebellion that in this late day has ventured to employ the scalping knife of the savage. in its service, that commenced in fraud, that has sustained itself from the commencement by robbery, that has practiced extermination and banishment and confiscation toward citizens that ventured to remain true to their original allegiance, can be put down without somebody being hurt ~ Let me ask of you to do justice to a kind and brave officer, who has simply dared to do his duty and in doing 80 has obtained the thanks and deepest feelings of gratitude from every loyal man in Northern Missouri.

Suppose foreign journals dub him the American Haynau. Let the Government, out of regard for the feelings of a grateful people, emulate the example of Austria, who created Haynau a marshal of the Empire, and give to General McNeil a division with permission to go down into Dixie and bid Jefferson Davis come and take him. Take my word for it, thousands upon thousands of the hardy 80ns of the West will flock to his standard, and treason upon the sunny plains of the South will find at last the scourge of God which it so well merits. This rebellion and its settlement belong exclusively to the American people. Governments that are based upon political principles opposed to our own cannot have the right of interference

that disinterestedness would give. The roarings of the British lion, his criticisms and his opinions, are, there· fore, alike immaterial. Nations in their political decisions and efforts are rarely governed by anything but their self· interest, no matter how loud they mouth about their virtues.

And such articles as those in the London Times, Star and other English papers come with a bad grace from a Government that justified the lashing of Sepoys to the cannon's mouth and blowing their mangled bodies in fragments through the air-the outrages committed by those Sepoys not being one iota greater than those committed by the rebels in our land, with this difference: That the one was the work of ignorance and a religious fanaticism, performed by an enslaved and half-civilized race, while our rebels and murderers have claimed to be our brothers, are enlightened, enjoy the same rights and privileges that we have enjoyed, and in a day could, as it were, reinstate themselves and our whole country in the possession and enjoyment not only of peace and harmony, but of all the rights, privileges, and independence that freemen can or should enjoy. These terrible "butcheries" (i. e., the just punishing of guerrillas, assassins, and violators of parole) have finally restored safety here. Since the public execution of the ten men at Palmyra not a murder nor a single personal outrage to a Union man has been committed in Northeastern Missouri, or since the rebels learned what would be the price of a Union man's life, three months ago, for it is that time since official notice was served on them of what would be done if Allsman was not returned to his home, and that the decimal system would be carried out for each loyal non-combatant that should subsequently be murdered by them, 80 long afl guerrillas could be found in the district.

"Verily a tree shall be known by its fruits." A wise punishment has once more enabled the dove of peace to hover over our households, unterrified. Guerrillas in this district found their vocation gone. Traitors began at last to recognize that the oath of loyalty meant something. They scattered for security through Illinois, and even there could not cease their career of crime. It was but yesterday that I delivered to the authorities o£ Pike County, Illinois, three young men raised in this county, and of very respectable (so far as wealth and intelligence goes), but not loyal, families, sworn members of Porter's guerrillas, who had been with him in every action. When a proposition is made to them to murder an aged farmer who had generously extended to them the hospitalities of his house, they never shudder, show no indignation, but coolly proceed to commit a murder that for atrocity and horror cannot be exceeded throughout the annals of crime. You will, in the paper publishing this, see the confession of one of these three specimens of Southern chivalry. If the authorities of Illinois proceed to execute these three murderers, in retaliation for the murder of Mr. Pearson, a ratio of three to one, will it be cause for an indignant editorial against those authorities? Say not, Mr. Editor, that the last case will be one of the civil law, for it occurs in Illinois. In Missouri those scoundrels that you object to having punished had by their conduct destroyed the last vestige of civil law. Martial law was the only protection citizens had, and by that law those men were publicly and lawfully executed. For martial law in Missouri, see General Orders of this department. Read also the following:

GENERAL ORDERS No. 2,

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI,

ST. LOUIS, March 3, 18613.

III. Evidence has been received at these headquarters that Maj. Gen. Sterling Price has issued commissions or licenses to certain banditil in this State, authorizing them to raise guerrilla forces for the purpose of plunder and marauding. General Price ought to know that such a course is contrary to the rules of civilized warfare, and that every man who enlists in such an organization forfeits his life, and becomes an outlaw. All persons are hereby warned that if they join any guerrilla band, they will not, if captured, be treated as prisoners of war, but will be hung as robbers and murderers. Their lives shall atone for the barbarity of their general.

By command of Major General Halleck:

N. H. McLEAN,

Assistant Adjutant General.

Also see General Orders, Nos. 13 and 32, issued by General Halleck, and General Schofield, of which the following is an extract:

The Government is willing and can afford to be magnanimous in its treatment of those who are tired of the rebellion, and desire to become loyal citizens and to aid in the restoration of peace and prosperity of the country; but it will not tolerate these who still persist in their wicked efforts to prevent the restoration of peace, where they have failed to maintain legitimate war. The time is passed when insurrection and rebellion in Missouri can cloak itself under the guise of honorable warfare. The utmost vigilance and energy are enjoined upon all the troops of the State in hunting down and destroying these robbers and assassins. When caught in arms, engaged in this unlawful warfare, they will be shot down upon the spot.

In conclusion, Mr. Editor, if you are correct in your denunciations of what you term a "butchery," do not waste your anathemas upon General McNeil alone because he saw proper to teach traitors that the life of an unarmed noncombatant Union man, a loyal citizen of the United States, was a sacred thing-that murderers should not take it with impunity-but bestow some of it upon equally gallant and meritorious officers like General Merrill, who executed ten of those perjured scoundrels at Macon City, and General Schofield, who issued Orders No. 18, or General Halleck, whose orders touching bridge burners and guerrillas I had supposed until now even the editor of the Times approved of.

WM. R. STRACHAN,

Provost-Marshal, Palmyra.

The Confederates of North Missouri were, as a class, remarkable for their indifference to danger, their fidelity to principle, to which life and property were esteemed only secondary, and their determination to give their all to the support of that principle in the face of apparently insurmountable difficulties, but if half of what Strachan said about them terrifying a majority of the population, protected by fifty thousand, or more, valiant, vigilant Federal soldiers, is true, the Confederates everywhere in that country, every day and hour, did deeds of reckless bravery of which no Marmaduke or Janizary, in the zenith of his power and the intensity of his religious fanaticism ever dreamed. The falsification of current political history was the least of Strachan's crimes. His like only comes on the earth at intervals of centuries. The following memorial, though couched in more moderate language, is no less a studied falsification of history. It was said to have originated at the suggestion of McNeil himself, and it was also said and commonly believed that many of the signers put their names to it very much against their own will. How much truth there is in either statement I do not know. I have made every possible effort to get a list of the signers.

For this purpose I wrote the following letter:

HYATTSVILLE.• MD., May ~5, 1908.

THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL,

War Department.

Sir: My letter asking for a copy of the paper transmitted by General John McNeil, approving his execution of ten prisoners at Palmyra, Missouri, October 18, 1862, is returned to me with the endorsement that the paper is printed in Official Records, Series I, Volume 22, part 2, pages 3 to 5. 1 find that it was directed to President Lincoln, January 1, 1863, and at the end the note: "Numerously signed by citizens of Marion, Lewis and Shelby Counties." I should very much like to have a copy of these signatures, for legitimate historical purposes-having now a work in preparation. If inconvenient for your clerical force to make desired copy, I ask the privilege of making a copy myself. Colonel Kniffen, of the Pension Bureau has allowed a similar privilege on two recent occasions.

Respectfully,

JOSEPH A. :MUDD.

This letter was returned with the following endorsement:

Respectfully returned to Mr. Joseph A. Mudd, Hyattsville, Maryland.

Some years ago requests such as that made within for information from the records for historical purposes became so numerous as to seriously interfere with the current work of the Department. On that account and for other reasons as well, the Secretary of War was compelled to adopt a strict rule that all such requests be denied. Under the rules of the Department therefore, the request made within for a copy of the record desired cannot be complied with. Nor can it be permitted to anyone who is not an employee of the Department and subject to its control to have access to the official records.

F. C. AINSWORTH,

The Adjutant General.

I made many efforts by correspondence to learn some of the names written under this memorial, but obtained only one. This was given me by Hon. James T. Lloyd, Member of Congress from the First District if Missouri. This signer died a few days ago. He was the son of one of the most eminent and influential men in North Missouri, a resident of Palmyra, who served two terms in Congress before the war between the States and who was more responsible, perhaps, than anyone man for the strong secession sentiment in the State. The son inherited the intellect and the graces of mind and person of the father, but nll his attempts to obtain political office ended in mortifying failure. Some years after the war he tried for the endorsement of Marion County far nomination for the office of circuit judge, for which he was eminently fitted. His competitors were a member of my company in the Confederate army, (the successful aspirant), and a capable lawyer of Southern sentiment. The signer failed to receive in his own precinct, or anywhere else, enough votes to give him a delegate in the county convention. The only reason was that his name was on the memorial that slandered his own people. I feel sure that his name was put there for reasons of personal safety.

NORTHERN MISSOURI, January 1, 1863.

HIS EXCELLENCY, ABRAHAM: LINCOLN,

President of the United States:

Your memorialists, loyal citizens of the United States and of the State of Missouri, respectfully rep-resent that since the outbreak of the present rebellion Northern Missouri, in common with the southern part of the State, has been infested by hordes of lawless depredators, popularly known as guerrillas, though styling themselves as "Confederate soldiers," led by desperate and unprincipled men, having not even the form of official commissions from the authorities of the so-called Confederate States, and whose modes of warfare have been only those resorted to and practiced by highway robbers, thieves, murderers and assassins. Not having from any source a recognition as belligerents, they have, nevertheless, not scrupled to wage relentless war against the Government of the United States and of the State of Missouri, and against the peace, safety, and happiness of the loyal citizens of this State. In thus doing they have causelessly murdered non-combatants by hanging, by shooting, by cutting their throats, and by divers other cruel, inhuman and outrageous methods.

They have fired into railroad trains, killing and maiming soldiers and citizens, and placing in imminent peril the lives of women and children. They have burned and destroyed railroad bridges, thereby causing trains filled with non-combatants to be precipitated into streams, killing, drowning, and wounding many persons, including women and children. They have, in the darkness of the night, summoned citizens to the doors of their dwellings and there shot them dead. They have deliberately, and without provocation, fired into dwellings, placing in extreme jeopardy the lives of innocent and helpless persons therein. They have abducted citizens from their dwellings and families and murdered them secretly and by methods unknown to the community at large. They have practiced inhuman and diabolical cruelties upon persons in their hands by brutally whipping them and hanging them until nearly dead. And all this has been done for no other reason than that the parties thus murdered and outraged were, and had been, true and faithful in their allegiance to the United States. More than this, they have robbed the loyal citizens of Northern :Missouri of hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of property, taking in numerous instances the only horse from a needy and dependent family.

They have stripped thousands of families of clothing, money, grain, cattle, wagons, arms, and ammunition, and, in short, of everything which their cupidity could lead them to covet

or their wants to desire. Nor have these operations been confined to a few or remote localities. Every county, every community, has thus been scourged, until scarcely a loyal family has remained untouched. Thus these desperadoes desolated the whole land, establishing a reign of terror. Under this scourge many loyal citizens have fled from the State to preserve their lives; many have been forced to abandon their families and take refuge in the Federal army, and for weeks and months thousands have been nightly driven to the woods and fields to find shelter from the fury of these prowling fiends.

Your Excellency will not, however, understand that all this time the United States and State Governments have been inactive in their efforts to crush out rebellion in this section of the State. Many thousand troops have occupied and held the various important points in Northern :Missouri., and at no time have these guerrillas been able to withstand, in open conflict, by any combination of their forces, the regularly organized troops of the Government. But the character of their warfare and their intimacy with the topography of the country have been such that eighteen months' experience has demonstrated that organized troops, in however large bodies, simply holding isolated points, with ample power to control any given point, but governed only by the rules and methods of ordinary and regular warfare, could not check the outrages referred to, nor assure peace and safety to the loyal people.

Experience long since convinced the military authorities of this department that something more was necessary than the mere occupancy of the country by Federal troops and the

dispersion of aggregated bands of marauders. Hence the orders of General Halleck and Schofield, the point of which was that all guerrillas taken in arms should be shot. Had these orders in every instance been strictly carried out, it cannot be doubted that the effect would have been moat happy. But too many such persons fell into the hands of our military authorities, who lacked the nerve to administer the required penalty. The result was thousands of these desperadoes were released on parole and bond; the country was again overrun

by them, and their riterated acts of brigandism were none the less violent or atrocious that they involved the additional crime of perjury. Oaths and bonds imposed no !restraint upon such persons, whose demoniac passions now burned with a new and doubly-heated flame.

It was in these dark days, when this whole section was in terror and dismay at the unchecked and apparently uncontrollable outrages of these men, that Brig. Gen. John McNeil, Missouri State Militia, commanding the Division of Northeastern Missouri, caused ten of these persons, all of whom had been, and at the time of their capture were, participants in the outrages of the general nature recited, to be publicly executed at Palmyra, in this State. The immediate occasion for this execution was the abduction and undoubted murder by these men, or their associates in crime, of one Andrew Allsman, a loyal citizen of Palmyra, a non-combatant, a man respectable in character and advanced in years. It was not, however, simply to avenge his death that ten criminals were executed. It was, additionally, to vindicate the power and authority of the law and of the Government j to strike terror into the hearts of those whom no sentiments of right, honor, or justice could reach. It was to give safety and peace to this distracted country, and to assure the now almost incredulous people that the Government was not utterly powerless for their protection. It was a stroke absolutely essential to teach traitors that they could not, and should not, with impunity, outrage the rights and sacrifice the happiness and safety of whole communities. The act has achieved its desired purpose!

The law and the supremacy of our Government are vindicated. Citizens return in peace and safety to their homes. They are no longer assassinated at pleasure by lawless ruffians. They feel that in truth they have a Government, and that that Government is, indeed, able and willing to cover them with its protecting shield. Your memorialists have observed with many apprehensions the demand made by Jefferson Davis, President of the so-called Confederate States, for the delivery of General McNeil to the Confederate authorities. We therefore adopt this method and take this occasion of laying before you a representation of the condition and experience of Missouri during the progress of this rebellion, believing this only necessary to convince Your Excellency that the act of General McNeil i:n the premises was not only in accordance with the spirit of the General Orders then and now in force in this department, but

that it was the only measure which could restore peace and assure safety to the loyal citizens of Northern Missouri. In view of all the "facts, therefore, your memorialists most heartily approve of the act of General McNeil as specified, and do hereby earnestly entreat the Government of the United States not to surrender that officer to those demanding him, but to approve and sustain his act in the premises, believing that in so doing he not only had in view and subserved the high and sacred interests of our whole country; but also showed himself to be a good soldier and a true and humane patriot.

Expressing the highest confidence in your administration, and the sincerest wish that the blessings of Heaven may attend your efforts to restore our country to a condition of perfect

unity, peace and prosperity, and assuring you that all our influence is given you in your endeavors to achieve such a glorious consummation, we remain, your loyal fellow-citizens.

(Numerously Signed by citizens of Clarke, Lewis and Shelby Counties.)

AFFAIR AT PORTLAND. MO.

Report of Surg. John E. Bruere, First Battalion Missouri

Cavalry (Militia).

FULTON, Mo., October 17, 1862.

SIR: Although I suppose you have already received information in regard to the crossing of Porter's rebel gang at Portland by the officers on board the steamboat Emilie, I think it my duty to notify you myself of it directly, as I had been trusted with the command of that portion of our battalion (one hundred and twenty men), which succeeded at least in preventing him from making his second trip across. We had started here at 5 o'clock yesterday morning in search of a camp on the Auxvasse, but after four hours' diligent traveling and brushing, I was convinced that no gang of any size was on this creek any more, but that they had all gone in the direction of Portland. Their tracks became so thick on every road and by-road that I had no doubt in my mind that they had passed in the direction of Portland in very large numbers. I therefore followed them as fast as possible, examining as I went along every brush very carefully. People living along the road had all seen them or heard of them going down constantly for the last eighteen hours, and the closer we got to Portland the larger would they

estimate their number. About seven miles this side of Portland, near Jackson's Mill, on the Fulton and Portland road, we first met their pickets, watching the road. They had seen us before we saw them, but we shot one of them from his horse, while the balance went at full speed in several directions, one part of them going toward Portland, others fleeing to the left. I divided my men, following both parties. Those on the left were chased by me for at least two miles, when I lost them in the thicket. Those going toward the river were pursued by seventy-five of our men, but got to town far ahead of us. The officer in command did not know if I was still willing to follow them up, and awaited my arrival one mile this side of the town. I only caught up with them after the lapse of half an hour and pushed right off. A loyal farmer, living near, had seen them all pass by, and warned me not to go on, as I had too small a force to accomplish any- I thing, they being, as he said, four hundred to four hundred I and :fifty strong. I hurried on, however, but unfortunately arrived just soon enough to see the boat on the other side. In tuwn I met thirty-five or forty whom I attacked and drove up the river, killing four of them; the rest escaped.

Later reports by my men increase the dead to seven. I only saw three myself; the rest were reported to me. I could not follow them up very far, and would not do it, because I wanted to make sure of the boat. After she got through unloading, which was about half an hour after our arrival, I saw her go down the channel. I went after her right off, because she had been on her way up the river, and I therefore distrusted her and hoped. to stop her in the bend below. Just as I reached the lower edge of the town I met ten bushwhackers coming leisurely toward me, and one of them told me they wanted to give themselves up. I was intending to take them, when all at once they turned toward the brush, only one of them falling in our hands. I pursued them, but very soon lost their tracks in the brush, as I could not trace them, on account of the abundance of foot-prints in every direction.

On reaching the river I saw the boat on the opposite side again just trying to come toward town. I therefore returned to town, waiting for her to come up. Captain Labarge addressed me, asking me not to shoot, as there were no armed men aboard. On examining into the case I found that he had been forced to stop by a squad of rebels lying in ambush behind a wool-pile, he having landed to set two passengers out. They made him unload his deck freight and put one hundred and sixty or one hundred and seventy-five horses on, and then he had to go across with an equal number of men.

From the testimony given by the passengers, among whom is the adjutant of the Eighteenth Wisconsin Volunteers, I had no reason to suppose that the captain had a previous understanding with Porter, but only blame him for crossing these last ten back again, as he had force enough in deck hands on his boat to resist them even with their arms. After he had

come to this side he could have come to us, for he must have known that we were Federals and would protect him if he was innocent. From what I heard those on the boat say,

these ten whom we met were sent across to reconnoiter and try to find their own men, so as to bring them down to the boat in order to cross below. They even mistook us for friends, and did not see their mistake until they had come within gun-shot range; but just where we saw them the road makes a turn around a house, whereby they were protected from our guns and made good their escape. If the captain did not know of Porter's intentions before he certainly cannot have had very great objections to helping them over. I therefore ordered him to report to you forthwith on his arrival at Jefferson City, and charged said adjutant also to give you a minute statement of the occurrence. I did not make any arrests on the boat, because I thought you would do so if you thought proper, and the boat herself is bond enough that he will obey my orders, which I suppose he has already done by this time.

Porter himself has probably not crossed yet. The force he had left on this side at Portland scattered for the time being, but has since probably collected again, for the Mexico mail-carrier reports a force of about two hundred going northward, whom he met near Concord. We did not get through about Portland until near dark, and could therefore do nothing more. I had strict orders to be back the same evening, and therefore marched back here, which made nearly fifty-five miles traveled during the day, without taking time to feed. I had to give the horses rest today, and as the colonel is sick, and being unable to ride for a day or two on account of a fall from my horse, I cannot tell how soon we will be able to go after them again.

I judge that Porter had about three hundred or three hundred and fifty men in Portland ready to cross. One hundred and sixty or one hundred and seventy-five did cross; the rest are on this side yet. Those who went over, I am told, intended to tear up the railroad track and cut the telegraph wires. so as to keep you from getting on them quick. Hoping that you will be able yet to follow those who have crossed, I remain, respectfully, your obedient servant,

JOHN E. BRUERE,

Surgeon, First Battalion of Cavalry, Missouri State Militia.

GENERAL LOAN,

Commanding, Jefferson City, Mo.

SKIRMISH AT CALIFORNIA HOUSE. MO.

Report of Col. Albert Sigel, Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry (Militia).

WAYNESVILLE, Mo., Oct. 18, 1861&. COLONEL: In compliance with your dispatch, received last evening, that two hundred rebels had crossed the Missouri at Portland the night before and tried to make their way south, I thought it best to let them come near our post, 80 as to be able to intercept them whenever they tried to cross our line. I therefore ordered Captain :Murphy, after midnight, with portions of four companies, numbering seventy-five men, toward the Gasconade, while I had another force of about one hundred men ready to throw on them whenever I could get information where they intended to cross. At about 10 o'clock this morning I received a report that Captain Murphy had not only found their trace, but was in

hot pursuit of them. It was also reported that they had turned southwest, and it was now certain to me that they would cross our line seven miles west from here, near the California House. I immediately started there with the force already mentioned, and we were scarcely ten minutes near the California House when they drove in our advance guard, under Lieutenant Muller, of Company A, who fell back and brought them into the line of Lieutenant Brown, of Company F, whose men were dismounted. We now pitched into them from all sides and in a few minutes they ran for their lives. Captain Murphy was also nearly up at that time, and drove a portion of them before 'him, scattering them in all directions. The estimate of the rebels killed is twenty, among them Lieutenant Tipton, and as many are wounded. We captured a secesh flag, two roll-books, some horses, and some shot-guns and Austrian rifles; made three prisoners, and liberated two Union men, whom they had prisoners. We had only one man slightly wounded. I ordered the secesh population of the neighborhood to bury the dead and to care for the wounded rebels.

The rebels were well armed and equipped, two hundred and fifty to three hundred strong. They were commanded by Captain Ely, Captain Brooks, and two captains, both with the name of Craggs, and were a part of Colonel Porter's command, who did not cross the Missouri with them, but promised to follow them with a larger force.

All our officers and men behaved well. Captain Smith (Company H) has not yet, at 8 :30 p. m., come back from pursuing the rebels.

I remain, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

• ALBERT SIGEL,

Colonel, Comdg. Thirteenth, Regiment Cavalry, Mo. S. M.

COLONEL GLOVER,

Commanding District, Rolla, Mo.

THE BURNING OF HOUSES

General Merrill was not a very tender-hearted man, yet he felt constrained to issue the following "Circular letter to all Commanding Officers:

"HEADQUARTERS NORTHEAST MISSOURI DISTRICT,

"MACON CITY.• Mo., September 27, 1862.

"GENTLEMEN: The general has learned with surprise and regret of many instances in which ·houses have been burned and other property wantonly destroyed by the troops in this

division. This is not only entirely unauthorized, but has been over and over again positively prohibited. In at least several of the cases reported the grossest injustice was committed upon innocent persons, and several poor families have been left houseless and dependent, when a very slight investigation would have shown that there was no possible ground for doing the burning. The laws of war, as well as common humanity, forbid the devastation of a country except in extreme cases; and the necessity for an act for which the commanding general is held responsible cannot be left to the discretion of any subordinate who may think such a measure necessary.

"In some few instances in which this has been done it was not only necessary but right that it should have been done, but the practice is becoming common to burn and destroy

without limitation or common discretion, and it must be promptly stopped.

"If it is necessary that a house which is the resort and protection of guerrilla bands should be destroyed, a report of the facts will be made to these headquarters, and if the necessity

really exists it may be done by proper authority, and the troops not disgraced by the excesses which on several occasions have marked such conduct.

"Your attention is again and for the last time called to the unauthorized taking of private property by officers and soldiers of this command. In many cases private houses have been entered by soldiers not acting under authority of an officer and articles taken for which there was no shadow of authority. Besides the gross outrage thus committed, the effect upon the troops has been the worst possible. It demoralizes them and entirely destroys discipline. Such conduct is the direct result of officers permitting a violation of the order against straggling and entering private houses.

"This order must be strictly enforced. No officer or soldier can be allowed on the march to leave his ranks or colors without the direct permission of the commanding officer of the column, and then only on the most urgent necessity. In camp the men and officers must remain in their camp, except expressly permitted by the commanding officer to leave it.

Under no circumstances will a soldier be permitted to enter a private house except upon duty and by order of the officer or non-commissioned officer in charge of the party, who will

be held to a strict responsibility for any impropriety committed.

"I am, gentlemen, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

"GEO. M. HOUSTON,

"Major and Assistant Adjutant-General."

A LOOK. BACK.

Joseph A. Mudd, of Hyattsville, Md., wrote a letter to the Sun on February 24, which appeared in that paper on March 17, and which is not devoid of interest to artists or to politicians.

It is about the late George C. Bingham, a painter, a soldier, and a statesman, and at one time a celebrity. Mr. Mudd correctly says that Bingham was born in Virginia on March 20, 1811, went to Missouri in 1819, began the study of art without special intention and attained a distinction for products of his brush which was not confined to his own country. Of some of his paintings the engraved reproduction had wider circulation than in like form was given to those of any of his contemporaries. Among them were, "The Jolly Flatboatman," "Stump Speaking," "Country Election," "News of the War," from Mexico, "Results of the Election," etc. As an artist he was received with honor in London, Paris and Berlin, but not thinking that his preparation was ever complete he devoted some years to study of the best methods of Dusseldorf.

The letter of Mr. Mudd further narrates that Mr. Bingham, in the war between the States, took the side of the North. He entered the Union army at the beginning of the struggle and did good service till he was appointed treasurer of Missouri by Governor Gamble, whose administration, as well as the interests and claims of national authority, he ably assisted. It is at this point in Mr. Mudd's letter that an interesting statement occurs. It is to the effect that General Bingham painted perhaps his most famous picture, entitled, "Order No. 11," during the war. That was the number of an order issued August 25, 1863, by the late General Thomas Ewing. The intention was by it to clear a series of counties in Missouri, bordering on Kansas, of all

inhabitants whatever, not concentrating them, as the military habit now is, elsewhere, but compelling all the inhabitants to seek habitation where they pleased, or as they might, outside

of the proclaimed counties.

Those counties were the scene of guerrilla hostilities, and worse, both by Federal and Confederate ruffians, and Ewing's plan comprehended their absolute depopulation, with the destruction and desolation which that involved. While the order was in process of execution it was countermanded from Washington, but during the process of its execution the misery it inflicted so outraged the soul of Artist Bingham that he painted a large picture descriptive of it, which Missouri subsequently purchased for the State capitol, where it is now, we believe,

suspended, engravings of it being bought in great numbers, alike by art lovers and war partisans throughout the country. General Bingham was subsequently adjutant-general of

Missouri and died at an advanced age in Kansas City a few years ago.

Mr. Mudd, for want of knowledge, was unable to complete the political history, so to speak, of the picture known as "Order No. 11." The culmination of it was reached in the Democratic national convention, which began its session in Tammany Hall on July 4, 1868. The military order, which the picture pilloried to an immortality of reproach, was as drastic and absolute in its wording as the picture itself was in its terrific realism. At that convention Thomas Ewing, who had become a Democrat, and whose residence was Ohio, was slated for nomination for Vice President, and had secured enough delegates to command the nomination. But when on Horatio Seymour was precipitated an unwilling nomination for the first place, the convention adjourned from noon until 3 p. m. to bring pressure on him to make him recall his refusal to accept the nomination.

In that interim :Montgomery Blair, who wanted the nomination for his brother, Frank P. Blair, Jr., on the instigation of a New York newspaper man, who was born in Missouri, got a job printer, in Ann Street, to strike off a large number of copies of "Order No. 11," signed "Thomas Ewing," and had them distributed by boys to the delegates to the convention on its reassembling in Tammany Hall. The result was the immediate destruction of Ewing's chances for the second place, and General Frank P. Blair, Jr., was made the nominee of the convention for Vice President. More sudden and more effective work of demolition before or since in politics. can hardly be found.

General Bingham was well known by representative Brooklynites through visits which he made here to his brother-in-law, the late Dr. Joseph C. Hutchinson. He was a man of reserve, integrity, courtesy and scholarship, as well as of esthetic culture and genius, a statesman and a soldier, as well as an artist, an earnest patriot and lover of the Union as well as a man of devotion to the welfare of Missouri, a man of sympathy with humanity, who held the abuses of arbitrary power in mental abhorrence. The engravings of his earlier pictures had a world-wide diffusion and his hold on the affection and admiration of Missouri is still almost as great as that of Thomas H. Benton or James S. Rollins, both of whom were his admirers and friends.-Brooklyn Eagle, :March 19, 1901, edited by St. Clair McKelway, a native of Columbia,

Missouri.

THE IMMORTAL SIX HUNDRED

General Foster confined six hundred Confederate officers for several months in Charleston Harbor under Confederate fire. He was ordered to do it by higher authority, and it APPENDIX 445 may be that the doling out of starvation rations, of such quality that only a starving man would eat, was done by order given him, but he mercilessly, and with infinite gusto carried

out the program. Major McDowell Carrington, of my camp, was one of the six hundred. The Missourians were Captains Peter Ake, Ironton; Y. J. Bradford, Rolla; J. G. Kelly, St. Louis; S. Love, Independence; Lieutenants A.M. Bedford, Savannah; Peter J. Benson, Cassville; William Halliburton, Salem, and George C. Brand, Boonville. For a history of this affair and the names of the officers so con:fined see "The Immortal Six Hundred," by Major J. Ogden Murray. General W. C. Oates, in his book, "The War Between the Union and the Confederacy," page 398, makes a peculiar reference to General Foster in connection with the Confederate General, D. H. Hill.

THE ILLUSTRATIONS

Many of the portraits illustrating this volume are reproduced from photographs or tintypes taken from forty-five to fifty-five years ago. The tintype of Captain Penny was made in 1854; that of Mrs. Cox and her daughter, Virginia, in 1861. The group of five of the six survivors of Captain Penny's company has the date when each photograph was· made. Mine was done in Richmond by Vannerson, at that time considered the best artist in the Confederate Capital I paid sixty dollars for three copies, card size, and, like all vain youths, kept the poorest. The sixth survivor, Thomas Martin Robey, with whom I could not get into communication, was recently living at Senath, Dunklin County, Missouri. The group of four, Minor, Lovelace, Johnson and Wrenn, is from a picture made in 1863. Sam Minor is still living.

James Lovelace died several years ago. Nicholas Johnson was a member of Captain Penn's company when it captured a steamboat at Clarksville on the Mississippi River; he was

shortly afterwards captured, taken to Ashley and shot. Charles Wrenn was killed in the battle of Corinth, Mississippi. Johnson and Wrenn were from Lincoln County, in the neighborhood of Louisville. The portraits of Colonel McCullough and Captain Porter are from poor photographs, made in the woods in the early part of 1862. Colonel McCullough's is a poor likeness; Captain Porter's a fair likeness. Miss Lucy Young's portrait ill from a photograph taken in 187'3, eleven years after she and ::Miss Sue Johnson ran into the hail of bullets to cheer us at Florida; that of 'Mrs. White is from a :recent photograph, and it closely resembles her father, Colonel Porter, as I remember him. Davis Whiteside's picture is from a negative taken a few years before the war.

The group of five officers of Merrill Horse is from photographs taken from 1861 to 1863. Colonel Merrill was graduated at West Point in 1855, standing number twenty in his class. He was commissioned colonel of the Second Missouri Cavalry Regiment August 23, 1861; promoted to brigadier general in the ::Missouri enrolled militia, but after a. few months rejoined his regiment. He was made brigadier of United States Volunteers :March 13, 1865; major in the regular army November 27', 1868; lieutenant-colonel January 9, 1886; brevet brigadier-general February 27, 1890. He was born at New Berlin, Pennsylvania, October 24, 1834; died at Philadelphia February 27', 1896. In the early part of 1863 Lieutenant-Colonel Shaffer had a difficulty with Colonel Merrill and challenged him. No duel was fought; Shaffer resigned and Clopper was promoted. Major Hunt then resigned and went home to Cincinnati. The next year there was a difficulty between Merrill and Clopper and the latter resigned; thereupon Hunt rejoined the regiment as lieutenant-colonel. Merrill and Hunt were very competent officers. Lieutenant George H. Rowell was promoted to the captaincy October 15, 1863. His record in the army was a very creditable one. Lieutenant Gregory, an excellent man and a good officer, was so severely wounded in our first battle with his battalion that his physical efficiency has ever since been impaired.

The portraits of Colonel Guitar and Major Caldwell are from steel engravings. Odon Guitar was a good soldier and a very estimable man. He was born in Richmond, Kentucky, in 1825, and came with his father to Columbia, Missouri, in 1829. He was a private in Doniphan's famous regiment during the war with Mexico. He recruited the Ninth Missouri Cavalry and became its colonel. For his service in the field in the summer of 1862 he was commissioned, June 27, 1863, brigadier-general by Governor Gamble. He believed in honorable warfare. He was a Whig before the war, but as a protest against the inhuman manner in which the war was generally waged in Missouri, he became the Democratic nominee for Congress in 1864, resigning his commission August 31, of that year. Few being then allowed to vote, he was defeated by Colonel George W. Anderson, of Pike County. After the war he married the youngest daughter of Abiel Leonard, of Howard County, one of the most eminent lawyers in the history of Missouri. General Guitar died in 1907.

Major Henry Clay Caldwell was born in Marshall County, Virginia-now West Virginia-December 4, 1832, and was brought to Iowa by his father in 1836. He represented Van Buren County in the legislature of Iowa in 1860. He took a prominent position and had for his principal opponent on the floor Thomas W. Clagett, one of the brightest men in ·the State in that day, a nati.ve of thE' county in which I now reside, and whose grandson is my near neighbor. Major Caldwell entered the Third Iowa Cavalry in 1861. He was soon promoted to be major and. later to lieutenant-colonel. For efficient service he was about to be made brigadier-general, but was appointed June 20, 1864, judge of the United States District Court of Arkansas. In 1890 he was appointed United States judge for the Eighth Circuit. He resigned in 1903 and now lives at Los Angeles, California. There have been great judges and good judges. Judge Caldwell was both. There have been many greater men than he on the bench, but there never was a better one; "Do right" was his rule of conduct and from it he never deviated.

ADDITIONAL NAMES

Comrade John Martindale, Clyde, Nodaway County, sends names of all his company that he can remember. Captain Bill Dunn, First Lieutenant Jack Baxter, Second Lieutenants Nels Maupin and Kiah Smallwood, Third Lieutenant Thomas Green, Privates Ike Smoot, George Smoot, Bill Standifer, Henry Martin, J. W. Seamster, Steve Seamster, Frank Peak, Murphy Peak, George Foglesang, Joe Downing, H. Jarvis, Mike McCullough, Joe :McCullough, Kemp George, H. Lile, ]'rank Hays, Bud Carson, Jim Pirtle, Ellis Pickering, Mark Phillips, Frank Neely, Zack Baxter, Jim Crawford, Bill Crawford, H. Marlow, Bob Bowen, Joe :Moore, Jim Cox, Ed. Cox, Sevier Tadlock, H. Tadlock, Erve Vsmer, John Martindale, Wm. Martindale, Luke Piper, Joe Webster, Billy Johnson, Bill Protsman, Bob Dingle, Tom Cleton, Bill Witten, Curt Cleton, L. Sallee, Wm. :Meek, Tom Hulen, E. Lake, Jay Hobbs, Ed. Jones, Owen Williams, Jack Roberts, Bill Fawsett, Dick Harris, Wm. Dawkins, Bill :Matthews, Billy Reed, Bill Gibson, Hi Colvin.

Comrade A. J. Austin, G088, :Monroe County, sends names of Porter's men: Isaac Greening and Joseph Smith, Florida; Joseph Adams and Reuben Tillett, Paris; Robert Bush, Santa Fe; James Adams, Holliday, Thomas Tewell, Clapper, all of :Monroe County; Henry Priest, New London, Ralls County; J aek Higgins, Barry, Illinois; T. B. Shearman, Fresno, California; James Tillett, John Tillett and Thomas Woodson, addresses unknown, and the following, deceased: Captain Worden Wills, First Lieutenant David Davenport, Second Lieutenant R. H. Y. Austin; Privates R. D. W. Austin, killed at Newark; William Adams, William Ashby, Thomas Burnett, William Burnett, John Bush, Hart Carroll, Robert Freeman, William. Freeman, Cliff Gosney, Nace Go&ney, James Greening, Alexander Smith, Henry Smith and David Steele.

Joseph Lee Bomar, Vinita, Oklahoma, says his father, of near Moore's Mill, served under Porter. James B. McIntosh, of Stephenville, Texas, formerly of Lincoln County, Missouri, who entered the six months' State service and re-enlisted in the Confederate army, but was discharged on account of health, says his cousin John H. McIntosh, of Lincoln County, served under Porter and was in all the battles in North Missouri, acting frequently as a confidential scout. He died near Dallas, Texas, several years ago.

The History of Shelby County, in addition to the names of Porter's men mentioned in extracts credited to it, gives as from that county George W. Boyce, Lentner; Captain Robert T. Sparks, his brother, Samuel A. Sparks, and William T. Dobyns, of Shelbina; Captain Marion H. Marmaduke, of Shelbyville, who fired the first gun at Kirksville; John B. Settle, of Shelbina, who "reared on the farmed, remained at home until the second year of the war, when he joined Colonel Porter's regiment in the Southern service. He was a cripple when he went into the service and had been for a long time before, having a white swelling on his knee as large as a half-gallon measure, which had been pronounced by the physicians as incurable. Remarkable to say, however, the hardships and exposures to which he was subjected in the service, for everybody knows Porter's men were in the saddle almost day and night, instead of aggravating his malady, seemed to remove it, for he became sound and well in a short time and has never been troubled with it since." After Kirksville he served under the Kentucky generals Morgan and Williams until the close of the war. "He was at Columbia, South Carolina, when Sherman took possession of that place and was a personal witness to the burning of General Wade Hampton's residence by Sherman's soldiers."

Mrs. H. T. Anderson, Vinita, Oklahoma, says her brother, Henry McDale, who died May, 1906, at Colony, Knox County, Missouri, served under Porter and managed Moore's Mill for supplies while in our possession.

Mrs. James A. McAtee, Hunnewell, Shelby County, whose husband is a younger brother of one of the· survivors of Captain Penny's company, says her two brothers, Raymond and Thomas Shearer, of Monroe County, were with Porter and that Raymond was killed at Newark.

Comrade W. B. Callis says that W. S. Overfelt, of Duncan's Bridge; G. P. Grimes-, I. N. Turner, Sr., J. R. Curry and himself, of Madison, all of Monroe County, served under Porter.

Comrade B. O. Wood writes that J. R. Carrico, D. M. Ely, J. Nelson Harris, Joseph Hayes, R. F. Parsons, Thomas J. Yates, and himself, of Monroe City; S. J. Armstrong, of Paris; Thomas B. Broughton, Jennings, Louisiana; Marion Lewallen, West Plains, Howell County; A. G. Lyle, Warren, Marion County; John Lyon, Stoutsville, Monroe County; James E. McLoud, Hannibal; R. S. Pike, Anabel, Marion County; F. B. Shearman, Fresno, California, and Charles S. Wood, Shelbyville, served under Porter; that they all loved Colonel Joe, and that he has a very distinct recollection of his looks and general appearance to this day.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The survivors of Porter's men here named have given me valuable information used in the preparation of this narrative:

Hugh Thomas Anderson, Vinita, Oklahoma; A. J. Austin, Gobel, Monroe County; Jerry Baker, Fresno, California; J. R. Baker, Clarence, Shelby County, George Madison Botkins, Madison, Monroe County; William M. Cadwell, Shelbyville; Charles A. Crump, Santa Fe, :Monroe County; J. D. Dowell, Paris, Monroe County; W. S. Dowell, Moline, Audrain County; W. A. Evermann, Greenville, Mississippi; J. R. Ford, Butler, Bates County; Albert O. Gerry, Lakenan, Shelby County; H. M. Goes, Florida, Monroe County; Ben Green, Santa Fe, Monroe County; Isaac Greening, Florida, Monroe County; W. S. Griffith, Butler, Bates County; Joseph N. Haley, Jakin, Georgia; C. H. Hance, Los Angeles, California; W. C. Harrison, Fulton, Callaway County, S. J. Helm, Guthrie, Callaway County; Perry Jackson, Clarence, Shelby County; S. F. J ett, Edgewood, Pike County, Andrew Lichliter, Cherry Box, Shelby County; W. H. McAllister, Nelson, Saline County; Frank X. McAtee, Portland, Oregon; Dr. W. W. Macfarlane, Mexico, Audrain County; Ezekiel Bryan McGee, Paris, Monroe County; James B. McIntosh, Stephenvi lle, Texas; John Martindale, Clyde, Nodaway County; J. H. Maupin, Maud, Shelby County; Samuel O. Minor, Eolia, Pike County; E. P. Noel, Clarence, Shelby County; R. F. Parsons, Monroe City; T. J. Pettitt, Perry, Ralls County; Captain R. K. Phillips, Perry, Ralls County; A. W. Rogers, Urich, Henry County; Benjamin See, Kirksville, Adair County; J. Sexton, Ames, Iowa; S. L. Sisson,

Frankford, Pike County; S. C. Smoot, Bethel, Shelby County; James R. South, High Hill, Montgomery County; E. L Stone, Kirksville, Adair County; J. B. Threlheld, Shelbina, Shelby County; O. O. Tumer, presiding justice, Boone County Court; J. F. Wallace, Oakland, California; J. R. Wine, Townsend, Montana; J. W. Young, Stoutsville, Monroe County.

Comrade Sexton, who was the first to answer my notice in the Confederate Veteran, joined Porter the day after Moore's Mill battle as a member of Captain Ely's company, and he says Enoch Dennis was first lieutenant; was at Newark, Kirksville, Chariton River and several skirmishes and afterwards as a member of company H, Fifth ::Missouri, was at Champion Hill, Big Black and Vicksburg. Comrade Goss sends picture of house where Mark Twain was born, in the village of Florida, and notes direction and distance from our position in the engagement.

Comrade Perry Jackson says he is as strong a rebel as ever. Well, every M:i£lsouri Confederate has kept the faith, especially those who, as Comrade Joseph A. Edmonds, of Lexington,

puts it, "followed grand old Joe Porter." Comrade Edmonds did efficient work as organizer and drillmaster.

Comrade Pettitt joined a few days after the Moore's Mill battle, crossed the Missouri River with Colonel Porter and after his death served in Colonel Caleb Dorsey's regiment. Comrade Smoot attended Colonel Porter when dying of his wounds. His father taught school nine miles north of Palmyra, where Colonel Porter and Captain Porter were pupils.

Of those who fought us, Captain George H. Rowell and Lieutenant Jasper L Gregory, Battle Creek, Michigan; Captain James E. Mason, Athens, Michigan; Sergeant William Bouton, St. Louis; D. G. Harrington, Bennett, Colorado, and J. R. Baker, of Merrill Horse; Captain B. F. Crail, Fairfield, Iowa, of Third Iowa Cavalry, gave valuable information, some of them writing repeatedly and endeavoring with great care to straighten out the kinks in our recollections, and many others of Merrill Horse, each giving a corroboration of some incident and regretting that his memory could go no further.

I am particularly indebted to the Confederate soldiers of other commands and non-combatants here named: Mrs. :Mary Love Porter Myers, Newark, sister of Colonel Porter; Mrs. O. M. White, Palmyra, Colonel Porter's daughter; Mrs. James W. Porter, DeWitt, Arkansas, widow of :Major Porter; Mrs. A. B. Glasscock, Vandalia, niece of Colonel Porter; Mrs. J. W. Moore, IA, Belle, sister of Lieutenant-Colonel Frisby H. McCullough; :Mrs. Martha W. Summers, Stronghurst, Illinois, and Mrs. Mary Wright, Eolia, Missouri, sisters of Captain Penny; Colonel Celsus Price, St. Louis, lately deceased; Colonel Elijah Gates, St. Joseph; Captain Joseph Boyce, St. Louis; Captain Abner C. Grimes, St. Louis; Governor Robert A. Campbell; Bowling Green; Hon. .James T. Lloyd, Shelbyville; Hon. Edward McCabe, Palmyra.; Mrs. Zack. T. Work, J. Livingston, Montana, and her sister, Miss Virginia B. Cox, St. Louis; :Miss Lizzie Young, Florida; Miss Vene A. Riddle, Huntington; Mrs. Annie Gibbs Edwards, Dameron; :Mrs. Arthur W. Clayton, Foley; Miss Louisa H. A. Minor, Eolia; Miss Sallie Kneisley, Columbia; Miss Minnie Organ,

assistant librarian State Historical Society, Columbia; Mrs. Rose Thiehoff, Hunnewell; Mrs. T. J. Oliver, EI Monte, California; Mr. Clarence A. Cannon, Troy; Mr. L. P. Roberts, editor Democrat, Memphis; Mr. A. P. Patterson, Memphis; Mr. R. L. Bower, St. Louis; Mr. R. M. Wallace, Dolgeville, California; Mr. W. T. Phillips, Memphis, Tennessee; Mr. P. H. Smith, Auxvasse; Rev. Robert S. Duncan, Montgomery City, lately deceased; Mr. L. Dorsey Mudd, Montgomery City; Mr. A. C. Quisenberry, Hyattsville, Maryland; Mr. Percival G. Melbourne, Hyattsville; Mr. Samuel Riggs, Rockville, Maryland; Mr. Magnus Thompson, Washington; Judge J. Lee Bullock, Washington; Miss Kathryn Mudd, my niece, St. Louis.