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Tweed Times and Brunswick Advocate
2Sep1891: Joseph Latvy
and Abraham Farran, Syrian hawkers.
17Jul1895: Letter Coloured v. White Alien Labour - dagoes.
28Aug1895:
A
gang of a dozen Hindoos passed through here
(Byron Bay) a few days ago on their way to a cane field (Tyagarah?),
where they will start cane trashing at £1 and acre. I am told that
white men could not be got at this price. This is the largest batch of
this particular colored agony seen here as yet.
13May1896: Branch of North Coast Anti-Alien Society formed
Billinudgel Public Meeting Tramway Hotel. Moved R.M. Crabbe, seconded A.
Watterson, carried unanimously.
4Sep1897 (SMH): Hindoo
Boohoo dies on farm 'at the North Arm', Murbah. Countrymen fail to
get approval for cremation and buried at State expense.
12Apr1899: Abdullah
Scype, Assyrian, granted Hawker's License.
5Mar02: Batten Singh v. F. Causley. work and labor unpaid. Ditto
Bill Ah Singh v. E.C.J. Marks.
4Feb03: Delph Singh v. Edward Twohill. Obscene language.
3Oct03: Atta Singh assaulted in his hawking van Newrybar
9Jan1904: Delph
Singh sued ‘Boxsell’. Claim of £10 for work and
labour done and goods sold. Plaintiff non-suited.
13Feb04: M.A. Riley sues Ettie Maxwell for slander. Maxwell said Riley lived with a Hindoo. Verdict for Riley.
21Feb04: Singh
v. Connelly in Byron Bay Court. Cross charges for assault. dismissed.
2Mar04: A gang of
15 Hindoos passed through the South Arm of the Clarence last week. With
them was a white woman, who marched boldly along with the coloured
gentlemen. The black man ‘wants but little here below’ ??
1Apr04: ‘White
Australia’ may be seen in
Brisbane driving a couple of chows in his cab. Also we have seen ‘White
Australia’ in a barber’s shop in Lismore shaving a Hindoo, and a feminine
sample of whiteness living with Kanakas in a tent on the
Tweed. White
Australia badly wants a
moral wash.
7May04: Sergon
Hindu v. H.A. Kendrick in Murbah court claiming £2 for wages.
Won verdict for amount claimed + 6/8d. court costs, £1/1/- professional
costs, and 8/5d. witnesses expenses.
6May05: Chen Yen
Singh, Hindoo, charged with being of unsound mind and sentenced
to Gladesville Asylum for the Insane. Murbah court. (Chen Yen Sing,
Chinese?)
17May05: At the
local Police Court on Monday a Hindoo for indulging in an ornamental
debauch on Saturday night was fined 5/- or 24hrs. First offender.
27May05: On 2Aug04….
Chapman sued an Indian Doctor named Delph Singh for wages and on
the strength of his evidence supported by Luke Gudge a verdict was
obtained against Singh. Subsequently it was found that the claim
was bogus. Chapman never located but Gudge committed for trial Lismore
for perjury. All white male jury found Gudge not guilty.
At the Police Court
yesterday (Murbah),
Alice Watson and Visant Singh were fined 10s or 48 hours and 5s and
24 hours respectively for errors of judgement in connection with their
capacity for carrying beer.
At the local Crown
Lands Office
(Murbah) on
Thursday …… Jussar (an Indian) applied for a ‘conditional purchase’
of lot 05.52, 100 acres in the parish of
Brunswick.
There were no other applicants and therefore no ballot. Presumably he got
it. [Jussa Singh was enrolled at Woodlawn near Lismore 1903 and 06.]
3Jun05: Mr Bruce
Smith. Or as the Bulletin knows him, Mr Spruce Smith, suggests that
Australia’s
motto should be, ‘Australia for the Empire’ and not ‘Australia for
Australians’….India with its hords of dusky millions…
10Jun05: Jimmy Williams, a native of Ceylon, living Macpherson Range,
looking after farm of John Whitford of Mullum, 7 miles from Murbah.
17Jun05: Norco
Meeting. Coloured Labour on Farms. Mr Hicks said that six months ago
the shareholders, by a majority vote, decided that all suppliers to the
company were not to employ coloured labour – Hindoos – on their dairies…
The difficulty in the way, he believed, was that the directors could not
find out who were employing coloured labour. The employment of these
aliens was not conducive to the making of good butter. He could name
farmers who employed Hindoos, and they made a boast of it. Surely, when
this Coy has grown to the magnitude that it has, its suppliers can afford
to employ white labour – (loud applause) – as they do in the factory.
The Chairman stated
that they were endeavouring to get co-operation of the other companies…
The other companies had fallen in with the suggestion, and an agreement
has been signed not to accept the cream of a supplier employing coloured
labour…
Mr J. McGregor thought
they should all do what the Myocum farmers did – pledge themselves not to
employ Hindoos…
Mr James said if this
coy decides not to employ coloured labour, will it also see that diseased
white people are not allowed to be employed (hoots and great disorder)…
Mr Cook asked Mr
James, do you employ coloured labour?
Mr James said Yes
(disorder), and I find that they give good results and I appeal to Mr
Brandon, the manager, to certify to the quality of my cream… Mr Brandon
said Mr James certainly supplies good cream….
But all voted to
reject James’ cream
Meeting also reported
by Lismore Chronicle 20Jun05. Slightly different wording
21Jun05: Heard on
the Rivers.. That those dairymen who are intent on having the employment
of black labour on dairy farms put down are hall-marked ‘white to the
core.’
That as Tom Ewing once
told the electors, the whites themselves were responsible for the influx
of Asiatics – give them no encouragement and they will not come.
That there are
altogether too many dark ‘uns on the Tweed electoral roll…
12Jul05: Large
numbers of Hindoos have passed through Murwillumbah during the past few
days, apparently on their way to
Queensland. The exodus
of these coloured gentry from New South Wales is no doubt due to the fact
that they are being expelled from the farms on the Rivers as a result of
that motion that was carried at the North Coast Co-operative Company’s
half-yearly meeting. Queensland is welcome to them all.
19Jul05: At the Byron
Bay Court. Nabob Bash, a Mahometan, sued D. Wood for
£5/8/- for wages.
22Jul05: Martin
Manning to stand trial Lismore on a charge of assaulting and robbing
Bassanto, a Hindoo. Mr A. Neisman, late of the Condong Hotel, was one
of the witnesses in the case.
(7Oct05 Northern Star:
Manning acquitted of assaulting Besanta near post office Molesworth
St Lismore. Manning lied and his lawyer confused jury. Judge said He
regretted that the learned advocate for the accused had raised the
question of colour, and he (the Judge) said the jury had to remember that
Hindoos were fellow British subjects and had as much right to have their
persons and property protected as did Australians or Englishmen.
Personally he did not think that he could assist the jury very much, as
the case was one which would have to be decided on a question of
credibility. There were also chances of errors creeping in when evidence
was given through an interpreter, evidence thus given being of a very
unsatisfactory character………. Deleepa, Atta, Sahail Singh, Ramkishan
and Nudga Khan mentioned + Syrian Secyndell Bouchallil)
26Jul05: Ram
Sukh, a Hindoo, was charged (Murbah court) with having
attempted to commit an unnatural offence on William Groves….. He is
a typical sample – as far as appearances go – of the average Hindoo.
Committed for trial Grafton. Bail of £100 and two securities of £50
each and one of £100…. accused’s countrymen would go bond for him.
Large lynch mob at the court house. William Groves may be connected to
Joseph Groves who attempted to rob
Jimmy
Williams,
a native of Ceylon, living on Macpherson Range 9Jun05.
26Jul05: Heard on the Rivers: That the "black agony" has been making
itself very conspicuous of late; and That with the Maclean leprosy cases
and the worse-than leprosy case at M'bah its about time that the black
man was hunted from the milking yards.
26Aug05:
Joseph Aboud seeking confirmation of cp0534 from land board (9Sep05 –
disallowed)
2Sep05:
The Quinbarien (Qld) correspondent of the Courier states that the Hindoos
and Afghans from Northern Rivers of NSW are arriving at that place.
9Sep05:
Hindoos and Afghans still making over the border. On Wednesday a large
batch of them caught the Mibbin and made for the Heads, thence taking
train to
North
Queensland, where they have gone to join the heathen Chinese and the
all-conquering Jap.
9Sep05:
Hillday v.
De Vout
Mullum Court.
(Hillway,
Syrian hawker)
4Oct05: Under ‘South
Coast Items’: Delph Singh, formerly of Murbah, has been
charged with illegally practicing as a doctor at Cooma. Case Dismissed, as
Delph practices as an Indian Doctor, not as Dr Delph Singh.
8Oct05: Jak Singh
of Byron Bay on a charge of being insane and wandering at large.
Ordered to Hospital for Insane at Gladesville. Partly on evidence of
Senior-constable Belson who said Jak insisted on paying a penny for
each meal supplied to him !
11Oct05: ‘Alleged Abominable Offence’: Ram Suk, a Hindoo,
was indicted on a charge of having at Murwillumbah, on July23, assaulted
one William Groves with intent to commit an abominable offence. The
accused, who pleaded not guilty, was defended by Mr Sheridan, instructed
by Mr Mason. The evidence in this case is unfit for publication. The jury
returned a verdict of not guilty and the accused was discharged.
11Oct05: Names of
some dusky Hindoos or Afghans or other foreign undesirables who figured at
Lismore police court recently: Milki Ram, Muddy Ram and Ram
Kisham; and then there is our very own Ram Sukh. A surfeit of
black Rams.
That the Salvation
Army appears to have ‘Christianised’ many heathens on the North Coast, and
That several Kanakas
here testified to being saved; and
That an effort should
be made to entice Ram Sukh and others within the fold.
(11Oct05 Northern Star
more balanced
Ram Suk case Lismore. Interpreter and witness Ata M. Singh.
Ram Suk said he was attacked by 4 boys and asked for money at Murdering
Creek. Boys said You black------, if you don’t give us £50 we’ll knock
you brains out. If you don’t give us £50 we’ll send you up. On advice
of witnesses Sukh went to Murbah police to report incident but no one
there. Police later came to arrest him and not given any reason. Seems
boys went to the police with the story of ‘a certain crime’ after they saw
Sukh go to the station. Jury found him not guilty after 10minute
deliberation.)
13Oct05: Dr Kesteven
of Mullum Progress Association
14Oct05: Ram Sukh’s
fellow countrymen stuck to him like the proverbial leech and raised the
necessary to engage Barrister
Sheridan in his
defence….
A Hindoo was on the
wine on Thursday celebrating Brer Ram Sukh’s escape from the clutches of
the law. He reckoned that Mr Justice Walker was a particularly good sort
of fellow.
14Oct05: Ballot system
for land introduced in lieu of first in best dressed
18Oct05: It must
indeed be far from edifying to exponents of a ‘White Australia’ policy to
note the whole-souled support accorded by residents of this town to the
Celestial and Mahometan population, in preference to business people of
their own colour.
The Labour Party
rather tersely says, Let us find work for our unemployed and land for our
unsettled before we look at immigrants…
21Oct05: Joseph
Aboud of Murbah requests permission to build house
Bray St. (26Aug and
9Sep Aboud conditional purchase of crown land disallowed)
[Joseph Abood
(Italian) [sic] charged with cruelly ill treating a horse at
Tumbulgum 13Jan06. Joseph Abood charged Jack Saddeik with assault
14Feb06.]
28Oct05: Jak Singh
of unsound mind.
4Nov05: A
Mullumbimby man who had two Hindoos in his employ asserts that they lived
on eighteen pence per week. No wonder the white man cannot compete with
the ‘cullud pusson’.
15Nov05: Jimmei
Khan sues H.R. Jones for £4/5/- in Small Debts Court.
Verdict for amount and costs.
Charles Hussan charged
for insulting words.
22Nov05: Ram Sukh
sues ‘Nasty Niklin’, editor of Tweed Herald and Brunswick Chronicle, for
Libel. Wins £1 damages. Both papers ungracious and neither apologised.
The gaudy head-dress
and grinning faces of Hindoos were prominent in town yesterday. Ram Sukh’s
libel action was the magnet that had attracted them. +Delph Singh,
Indian Doctor, is returning to the Tweed.
25Nov05: ‘Hindoo
Blue’ was a prominent colour in town during the week.
The recent libel case
is probably unparalleled in the history of journalism.
In the case of Ram
Sukh v. Niklin, for libel, no costs were allowed
……(because Jury’s
award fell below proscribed figure)…. His honour stated by the way that
Asiatics were entitled to all the provisions of the law, and that no
newspaper had a right to treat them any different to anyone else; also the
fact of defendant commenting on a case when sub judice showed very great
indiscretion.
(30Nov05 Ballina
newspaper. (The Richmond River Times and Northern Districts Advertiser).
Full coverage of Nicklin libel case. Plus comments. The
Tweed Times has
several pungent paragraphs…
The Asiatics and other aliens held the palm for wilful and corrupt
perjury… ‘Orion’ rejoices to know that costs were not given against Friend Nicklin…
and deserves well of everyone who has the welfare of a white Australia
at heart…)
29Nov05:
Hindoo found dead in advanced stage of decomposition Mullum farm.
29Nov05: Article ‘From
Grafton to Murbah’: ……..The colour line is not finely drawn at
Tweed, and
anti-alien legislation in the shape of sugar bounty has not led to the
deportation of the Hindoo or Kanaka. Tommy Tanna is still much in evidence
and it will require more than bounty on white labour-grown cane to cause
his exit from a district where he has flourished so long on the sugar
plantations.
6Dec05: Ballina. A
Lismore correspondent of the R.R. Times thought it was impossible to
select a jury who would side in favour of a Hindoo against a white man…
29Nov05 and 2Dec05:
Hanarm Singh, alias Variam Singh, found dead on James Fisher’s
property at ‘Upper Mullumbimby’. Age 48. £80 in bank. Munchee hal Singh
(sic) witness at inquest. The Magisterial finding was to the effect
that ‘deceased, at Upper Mullumbimby, in the district of Mullumbimby, on
or about 23rd November 1905, was found dead with two wounds on
his body, but how or by what means he came to his death there is not
sufficient evidence to enable me to say.
29Nov05: Hernam
Singh (a Hindoo) charged with being drunk and disorderly in a public
place at the rear of the Murbah police station. Gleve Singh (a
Hindoo) ditto.
4Dec05 Northern Star:
Harman Singh disappears Mullumbimby Creek. Inquest
6Dec05: The Hindoos
on the
Brunswick hold regular religious services, and almond roasting and eating
forms part of the service.
6Dec05: A Lismore
correspondent of the ‘R.R. Times’ (Ballina) thought it was
impossible to select a jury who would side in favour of a Hindoo against a
white man. What a beautiful conception of the white man’s (the Britisher
in particular) love of equity and justice, whether it be in relation to
white or black, must this self-same correspondent have. The jurymen who
were empanelled for the recent Ram Sukh v. Nicklin case are genuine
Britishers, and not men who would be guided in giving their verdict by
racial hatred in preference to a sense of what is morally right. This
statement we make without prejudice, in fairness to the average ‘white
man’ who believes in justice being properly administered, whether it be to
black or white, and only a small minded person would suggest the
impossibility of finding a white jury to give a verdict in favour of a
Hindoo against a white man. We are happy to be able to say that Britishers
do not make a practice of cutting their justice according to the colour of
their cloth.
[What the Time’s
correspondent, ‘Orion’ alias Ossian Perry, actually said was “Orion”
rejoices to know that costs were not given against Friend Niklin in
connection with that alleged libelling of a Hindoo. Your illustrious
correspondent thought it was impossible to select a jury who would decide
in favour of a Hindoo against a white man, especially one who has made
himself famous in connection with his advocacy of the ‘White
Australia”
movement. If Horatio’s “crime” was assessed at a pound, then “Orion”
should be hung, drawn and quartered and the remains thrown to the dogs.
However, “Horatio” has secured a big advert., he has triumphed over his
Hindoo enemies, and deserves well of everyone who has the welfare of a
white Australia at heart. Bravo Horatio!
Article just above
that on Asiatic perjury.]
The Ram Sukh case and
the libel case heavily reported in all north coast papers.
20Dec05:
Mr Norman McKinnon formerly a worker of the old ‘Tweed
Advocate’ staff, now occupies a good position on the ‘Transvaal Leader’
Johannesburg.
6Jan06:
Syrian named Malouf
to be deported.
Arrived 2yrs ago and put all his capital into a
drapery at Forbes. Naturalized American whose mother been
Aust 6yrs
10Jan06: Heard on
the Rivers: That a ‘White
Australia’ is an
impossibility whilst India and Australia hang to one flag.
Electoral roll figures
13Jan06: Editorial:
If there is one thing more than another which
makes the new Liquor
Act ridiculous in the eyes of the public, it is the provision which
prohibits the supply or sale of liquor to Kanakas, while it allows Hindoos
to swill until they become a perfect menace to the community. Instance the
recent disgraceful scenes in Lismore, where a Bacchanalian horde of
Hindoos almost took possession of the streets. The disposition of an
inebriated Kanaka is just about as far removed from that of the Hindoo in
the same state as eternal rest is from everlasting perdition. When the
average Kanaka becomes intoxicated he is of a quiet and retiring
disposition, and generally he prefers to go away and fall to sleep. Not so
with the Hindoo. He gets a band of his fellow-countrymen together and
parades the town in an aggressive manner, to the disgust and annoyance of
all with whom he comes in contact. If anyone interferes with a Hindoo, or
tries to keep him in his place, the first thing he thinks of is his
national weapon of defence, the bowie knife, and many a friend of law and
order, who has had the courage to resent the gross insults hurled at him,
has fallen a victim to the treachery of the Hindoo. Our legislators know
that as well as anyone else. They don’t need to be told at all; and why
the law should make fish of one and flesh of the other is hard to
understand. Probably it is better for the moral and social condition of
the South Sea Islander population in this State that they have been
prohibited the use of liquor, but why not also prohibit the Hindoo? Truly,
the law is an ass, and fate seems to have decreed that no improvement will
take place in our statutes for generations to come.
13Jan06: At Lismore
court on Wednesday two Hindoos, Attah Singh and Meeher Singh,
were committed for trial on a charge of assaulting and robbing Sheer
Singh and Punjaub Singh of the sum of £11, while Jimmy
and George Singh were fined £1 each and costs for furious riding in
Dawson Street on Boxing day. Quite a chorus of inharmonious “Singhs”.
13Jan06: Thus the
Lismore Chronicle. At the Police Court on Wednesday over three score
Hindoos put in an appearance, and the atmosphere became impregnated with
an awful odour in consequence. The P. M. very wisely issued an order
(after the Hindoos were lined up) to have the windows opened in order that
fresh air might be admitted. The pestiferous individuals filled the body
of the Court, and some found their way into the gallery, whilst a
quartette occupied the dock.
[Case reported in
detail Lismore Chronicle 27Feb06. Assault and robbery of £4 occurred
30Dec05 at Tuntable Creek. Attah Mahomed Shar was interpreter and
Delph Singh acted as a ‘checker’ for Meehar Singh. Mudee Singh
gave evidence. Meehar acquitted but Attah got six months hard labour
Grafton gaol.]
13Jan06: Romahan
Khan granted a Hawkers Licence.
13Jan06: Jimmy
Williams (Cingalese) indecent language. Joseph Abood (Italian – sic)
horse case Tumbulgum
24Jan06: Ex
Alderman Fenwick, on being told Hindoos were seen bathing in the Ballina
Water Supply Dam, said he thought there was something wrong with the
water. He tried to make some soda water out of it – but the darned stuff
wouldn’t fizz.
2Feb06 Lismore
Chronicle: Black Labour in Dairies. … We have a very vivid recollection
of the
Tweed Herald having published a paragraph, two or three months back, to
the effect that the Hindoos were being employed in milkyards…
3Feb06: Lismore
Chronicle, in a stirring article, deprecates the use of Hindoo labour on
dairy farms.
7Feb06: The
‘Bulletin’ pats the
North Coast Co-op Coy.
on the back for putting a foot down severely upon the employment of Hindoo
labour on dairy farms.
That if the Hindoos
could only be deported with the Kanakas the Northern Rivers would be a
White mans paradise.
10Feb06: A batch of
Hindoos arrived in town from
Queensland yesterday.
The first place they made for was the P.O. Savings Bank. These dusky sons
of India always carry a banking account.
Joseph Abood assaulted
by Jack Saddeik. .. Jimmy Williams Bell’s farm Garden of Eden
14Feb06: Heard on
the Rivers: That according to “The Bulletin” NSW has exchanged Hindoos to
Queensland for Kanakas; and
That the deal is one
that NSW would gladly make every day in the week.
21Feb06: The
‘Mackay Pioneer’ alleges that a Hindoo bought the daughter of white people
for £100 and found a parson who was willing to marry them.
24Feb06: Delph
Singh v Dr. Kesterven is a case that is to come off at the Lismore
District Court. Delph is fond of law, seemingly.
Ballina (NSW North
Coast) doesn’t take water with its whisky now. The town has, or thought it
had, a fine water supply from springs in the ranges; but a local resident
who visited the spot the other day found three Hindoos bathing just above
the dam. Then he wrote to the local paper, and the consumption of water
from the mains slumped nearly to zero. Yet the North Coast still, to a
great extent, loves its nigger – “Bulletin”.
It has been forced
upon us rather frequently of late…complaint about Post Office service… and the annoyance of this is
somewhat accentuated when a mob of over-ripe Hindoos are crowded into the
‘hatch’ on a sultry day.
Khan
v. Ives. Small Debts Court.
28Feb06: A Hindoo,
evidently with an eye to the picturesque, paraded the streets one day last
week with his shirt very much out of bounds, a red and black football
guernsey, a woman’s tie spread across his chest and a hankerchief twisted
round his neck. His get-up was sufficient to make the observer smile, but
he wore ‘em with becoming dignity. Possibly he was trying to set a fashion
for his dusky brethren.
3Mar06: Mr W.A.
Holman MLA, who appeared for Delph Singh at Lismore District Court
on Tuesday, came around via Brisbane, and no doubt used his railway pass
in the glorious cause of Delph Singh, Indian Doctor. (Holman later
Labour Premier NSW)
The White Medico Wins:
The action brought by Delph Singh, Indian Doctor, against Dr
Kesteven, of Mullumbimby, was heard at the Lismore District Court on
Tuesday, before Acting Justice Hamilton. The claim was for £44 rent of
house, paddock, and sale of some furniture and effects. Mr Holman,
instructed by Mr Champion, appeared for plaintiff, and Mr Browning,
instructed by Mr Weigall, for defendant. Verdict for defendant with costs.
During the hearing of the case, a man named Basil Simonsen was committed
to goal for 21 days for contempt of court. Simonsen, it appears, took
notes during the hearing of the case and passed them out to a female
witness on the case. He was severely reprimanded by Acting Judge Hamilton.
[Case reported in
great detail in the Lismore Chronicle and Northern Star 2 & 6Mar06:
Simonsen was Delph’s private secretary and passed notes to Delph’s wife
(married Edith Tanko in Sydney 1899). He mainly looked after Delph’s
George Street, Sydney, office. Prior to Kesteven case, on 26Feb06, B.
Marshall of Byron Bay successfully sued Delph for £8/15/- for various
items associated with taking his trap to Delph’s Murbah farm in early 1905
to act as Delph’s coachman. Wife Louisa Marshall had a fruit shop at the
Bay next door to Delph and also acted as Delph’s midwife. She successfully
sued Delph for £24/19/10 on the same day for midwifery services and
other stuff. Witness for Kesteven
was W.R. Baker.
Seems Delph was a man
of means. He apparently left his Sydney practice sometime after his
marriage in 1899 and arrived Mullum 1901. Bought a property Main Arm and a
couple of blocks in town. Later bought a farm outside Murbah. Seems to
have practiced Mullum but did regular commuting to Sydney to look after
business interests. Tenant on Mullum farm, where he had horses, appears to
be Willie Young, and at Murbah, where he had cattle, was a bloke called
Turner. In 1905 seems to have based himself at Murbah but moved to Cooma
1905. Returned to Murbah 1906. Bankrupt at some stage]
3Mar06: Paspalum grass
+ Holman MLA …used his railway pass in the glorious cause of Delph
Singh..
(3Mar06 Northern Star:
Delph Singh and Robert Marshall case.)
(3Mar06 Mullum Star:
Delph Singh and Kesteven case)
7Mar06: Contempt of
Court. Simonsen Sentenced. Half page.
7Mar06: The
smellful Hindoo hasn’t got a monopoly of the art of perjury. This was
strikingly demonstrated in some of the cases heard at the District Court –
‘Lismore Chronicle’.
W. Baker and Norman J.
Mackinnon newspaper Johannesburg
(7Mar06 Ballina
Advertiser: Delph Singh v. Dr Kesteven. Mr N.C. Hewitt a well-known writer
of short-hand… says Delph Singh’s secretary Simonsen not a short-hand
writer)
21Mar06: Joseph Abood
land board for ocp0581 Murbah (and 7Jul06)
21Mar06 and subsequent:
series on ‘Architectual Wonders of
India’.
21Mar06: Mooball
correspondent: A dairyman not far from here has the rather doubtful
distinction of being the employer of Hindoos in his milking yards. I
understand this practice was prohibited by the various butter factories,
and although I do not wish to go as far as disclosing the name of the
person indicated, still I think it is the duty of every man, in the
interests of his brother white man, to taboo the employment of the Hindoo
in the milking yard for more reasons than one. We want a White
Australia if
possible. The dairying industry here is a more profitable one than cane
growing, and yet we have a fixed wage for the white labourer in the cane
field, while there is no provision made for the employee on a dairy farm.
He has to be at it from 4am till 7pm and often 8pm. This dairyman who is
milking over 60 cows, told an employee, so I am informed, that he did not
wish the milking to interfere with the day’s work. Sixty odd cows mean at
least £50 a month, and yet such a dairyman imagines himself as only able
to offer from 15s to 18s wages per week. Is it reasonable to expect a man
to work 14 or 15 hours a day, and keep himself (and probably a wife) on
such a wage? – and the ‘boss’ getting £50 a month. If those dark-skinned
individuals don’t trek in mighty quick order, I don’t see what’s to stop
me from letting you, in the interests of white labour alone, have the name
of their employer for your next issue!
23Mar07: Editorial.
The ‘Bulletin’ is eternally pen-pricking the dairy farmers of the
North Coast
for employing Asiatic labour on their farms. We do not take exception to
this practice on ethic grounds, but we do think that, as a matter of
justice, the ‘Bulletin’ should give the North Coast farmers - the
generality of them - credit for having steadfastly opposed the employment
of Hindoo labour on dairy farms. The various creamery and butter companies
of the North Coast some time ago decided on unity of action in regard to
stamping out the employment of these coloured people in dairies, and the
fact must have been known to the ‘Bulletin’, which never gave these
factories – controlled by the farmers themselves – credit for stamping out
this evil, without any compulsion being brought to bear on them from
outside sources. If there is any such quantity as justice about the
‘Bulletin’, it would give credit as well as a pen-thrashing where it is
due. And the credit of wiping the Hindoo horror off the North Coast dairy
slate certainly belongs to the farmers themselves – not to the ‘Bulletin’
or any other extrinsic force.
24Mar06: Dr Kesteven
establishes a private hospital.
7Apr06: Big
attendance at court yesterday, with the usual Hindoo odour in more than
ordinary prominence.
One has only to attend
the local Police Court to realise how the Hindoo can swear all sorts of
things apparently with impunity. Yesterday one of two dusky witnesses
perjured himself, as one swore emphatically that that he planted sweet
potatoes and another just as emphatically swore that he didn’t. It is a
hard matter to get at the root of their perjury, as it is difficult to
understand their ways. Anyway, they don’t appear to have much regard for
the sanctity of the bible.
Salgum
v. John E. Burke. Assault. Burke pleaded guilty but stated that no
assault was intended as he merely knocked the complainant’s turban off for
a joke.
Lashman Singh
v. Jimmy Khan.
£1/4/- claim for work and labour done and claim for detention of 2½ bags
of paspalum seed.
Mr Street asked a
chocolate-coloured witness…
11Apr06: It is not
generally known that ‘mullumbimby’ is the name of the couch grass
indigenous to these parts.
14Apr06: White
Australia/South Africa. Indian coolies.
18Apr06: At Taree
Police Court an Indian Hawker sued Messrs Ward and Everingham for £10
damages for sooling a dog on him, and allowing the animal to bite him.
14Apr06:
Natal and White
Australia:
12 natives executed for murder during rioting in crusade for ‘Ethiopia for
the Ethiopians’. ……In
Natal the Black
population outnumbers the white by ten to one. The colour problem is also
variegated by the number of Indian coolies……These court-martial
executions, these floggings, this government by sheer force appear to be
justifiable in Natal if Natal is to exist for the white population. As
long as we remain steadfast in our policy of a White Australia……..
21Apr06: Hindoos
and Land: Quite a number of people have been up looking over the Tyalgum
lands of late, and the wily Hindoo, who is poking his nose into pretty
well everything he can on the North Coast, was also among the seekers.
Tyalgum is a new country and it ‘may’ be the intention of the parsimonious
Hindoo to establish a colony there! At the
Land Court on Thursday
forty applications for land in this locality were received.
25Apr06: The Alien
Hawker: The Clarence ‘Examiner’ has something to say re the resolution
recently passed by the Council of Progress Associations in Lismore, with
regard to the Alien Hawker as follows: ‘Anathemas are hurled broadest at
the Hindoo hawkers for vending their wares to waybacks and others, but the
fair skinned purchasers, who are just as responsible for perpetrating the
alleged nuisance, escape scatheless. The Asiatic trader would soon abandon
his itinerant calling if he found no one to purchase his stock.’ Only one
delegate to the meeting spoke in sympathetic terms of the alien, but still
there is a heap of truth in the ‘Examiner’s’ remarks.
26Apr06: The rush
for land at Tyalgum, Burrell and Mooball parishes has brought over 100
applicants…… Rotary v. George
Singh. Claim for £9/10/-. Verdict by consent.
2May06: The
Infamous Hindoo Again – At the District Court, Croydon, Q., before Judge
Rutledge, Ramjh Singh, a Hindoo, was convicted of larceny from a
dwelling, and was sentenced to 18 months gaol. Singh’s defence was on that
on the night he was accused of stealing he had an appointment with the
landlady of the hotel where the crime was committed, and where the cash
box was kept. Judge Rutledge described the defence as the most shameful
and horrible he had ever heard. The Indian not only attempted to steal the
woman’s money, but when caught tried to steal her good name. The verdict
of the jury had saved the woman from a frightful stigma.
5May06: Official
opening of Murbah branch of Norco. W.R. Baker given standing ovation.
9May06: The
Difference Between Black and White - Rangi Singh, on whom Judge Rutletge
poured scorn at Croydon (Q) …….. then quotes the Bulletin on how a
white man in the same circumstances would have behaved differently.
12May06:
Unfortunately, Hindoos are not getting ‘beautifully less’ on the
Tweed.
More Crown Lands.
…following success of 26 blocks Mooball and Tyalgum… Dunbible..
16May06: Mooball
correspondent for the Advocate: ……The Crabbes Creek correspondent of
the ‘Herald’ says that ‘things are looking very bright in every respect,
and that the Creek can boast of only having one black skinned joker on
it.’ Reckon he’s out some, as I know of one gang alone of five or six
felling scrub. I am told these same fell and brush for 18s per acre. If he
calls that bright what does he call black? How is a man to get his crust
on such a wage as this? No reasonable man would expect a white man to
undertake this class of work under 26s or 27s 6d per acre. No one can
wonder at the Small
Debts Court being
resorted to occasionally when this sort of competition is met with. It is
to be hoped that white men will not be thus prevented from getting a
sufficient wage for their labour to allow them to pay their way and live
honestly.
19May06: Lismore
people are beginning to think they have a nigger colony in their midst –
it’s the only way they can account for the continuous disappearance of
their poultry.
Assyrian Aboud’s horse
played up in town yesterday, and smashed his hawker’s cart and harness,
and also injured itself by its wild capers. Excitement ran high while the
high kicking lasted.
Billinudgel
Correspondent: …….Your correspondent regrets that a Pocket resident has
black labour under the control and whip of a white man.
+ Provisional Shire
Councillors gazetted for Byron Shire… William Robert Baker of Mullum and
others.
+ Public meeting
Mullum in favour of municipality. Baker, Cameron, Davidson, Weigall and
Simpson.
+ Provisional Shire
Councillors for Tweed Shire.
26May06: Delph
Singh, Indian Doctor, is now practicing in the Bega District.
He hasn’t got into any law troubles down there yet.
At Tweed. ……South
Coaster unimpressed with wages. ….17/6 a week is the best obtainable in
the dairies. …..The unemployed from all parts are flocking here… Land is
very dear.
30May06:Definition of a
Prohibited Immigrant:
Chief Justice jokes that the dictation test is not fair during a court
case.
Assyrian Hawker
Aboud South Murbah.
2Jun06: Mooball
Correspondent: I notice by the Herald’s correspondent that parties of
Kanakas and Hindoos are engaged on the Creek (Crabbes?) in clearing
land, &c., and that white labour is not available. I must contradict him.
I know where white men have been discharged on more than one occasion, and
Hindoos put on to fill their places. I know a man who discharged two smart
looking young fellows and employed Hindoos at a shilling per day less, his
only reason being, so he said, that he had promised the job to the Hindoos
some six months previously. Another man sacked a man from his milking
yards because he had a Hindoo to take on the job for 1s per day less. No
reasonable white man would expect another to do scrub-felling at the wage
paid to Hindoos, and the excuse that white men are not available is a
paltry one. There are plenty only too willing to work for a fair wage. I
can mention a few farmers who are paying their men 6s per day of about
nine hours, and others would not experience any difficulty in securing
white labour if they paid a white man’s wage. While the Hindoo is to be
competed with, none need wonder at men putting up bluey in preference to
working for a paltry 3s or 4s per day.
2Jun06: Henry Tyler’s
will and instructions for his cremation at Mullum…N.B. – I have no
objection to Hindoos being employed at my cremation if white men object to
doing it.
6Jun06: …Afghan
named Zarut Khan was charged with the murder of Rock Mattilla,
another Afghan, about May 1902 at Woodlawn. …Afgan named Jarra, who
is resident of the district went to
Sydney a little while
back. Some fellow-countrymen and Hindoos inquired of him as to the
whereabouts of Rock Mattilla…Hindoos and Afghans then began to investigate……Police
went out to Woodlawn, and as a result of something they were told…
exhumed skeleton…of an Asiatic… Zarut Khan arrested two miles from Coraki…
missing man and the man arrested were about four or five years ago
partners in a farm, and ate together and slept at a house of another
Afghan…remains in a paddock 150 yards from an abandoned house at a depth
of 18 inches…….
13/27Jun06: Zurat
Khan, an Afghan, remanded……
30Jun06: W.R. Baker,
Chairman of BB Council. Motion passed that Mullum be chief polling place.
+181 applications for
41 blocks Crown Land Tweed. Apps closed for 40 blocks Dunbible,
Chillingham and Mooball
7Jul06: Wirths Circus
in town. Elephants trained by Afghans.
11Jul06: Selling a
Wife. Indians in Natal.
14Jul06: A Hindoo
witness commenced to moralise when asked a question regarding his weekly
wage at the Police Court yesterday. ‘The Hindoos’ he said, ‘go in for the
cut-throat business – some of them would work for nothing.’ And this is
what the white man has to compete against! To talk of
Australia being
‘white’ because the Kanaka is about to be deported is farcical in the
extreme whilst the lowly Hindoos, Afghans, and Cingalese are allowed to
exploit the wage-earning fields of this fair country. It is one of the
penalties we have to pay for the glorious privilege of Empire.
The usual array of
multi-coloured turbans was in evidence at the Police Court Yesterday.
A Hindoo witness at
the Police Court yesterday swore that he couldn’t speak English, and then
proceeded to speak pretty fair English.
Zurat Khan,
the Afghan who is under arrest for the alleged murder of a countryman at
Woodlawn, threatens to rival McNair and Hoskins in the matter of being
‘much remanded’.
Said a dusky witness
at the Police Court yesterday: ‘Dere’s nothin’ like tellin’ de trute – I’m
tellin’ de trute’ but the Bench wore an unsophisticated look of
incredulity, all the same.
21Jul06: The
Hindoos were again in evidence in court yesterday.
As usual, there was
some hard-swearing amongst the Hindoos at the Police Court yesterday.
Pala v. Juss & Hira.
Assault Tumbulgum.
Jack Brown murder case
……the whole thing is the result of a secret society to keep up a white
Australia. The plan was to have a revolution against the blacks and
Chinese, and kill them off. There are a number in the society, but we have
kept it very quiet until we got some money to buy arms. We have had some
drills and practice at bayonet work. He gave the names of a couple of
Ballina boys, who, he said, were members of the Society.
Alleged Murder of an
Indian: ….adjourned inquest… Zarut Khan, an Afghan,... Lal Ameer,
and Indian, gave evidence through an interpreter. He deposed that deceased
was named Rahmtulla. Zarut Khan and witness occupied the same hut
on Quigley’s farm… adjourned till the 24th inst
1Aug06: Zurat
Khan in Grafton Gaol pending trial…….
4Aug06: William
Baker (son of WR) late of this office has joined the
Brisbane Hansard.
Brown case…….murdered
to get money to start a revolution in order to have a ‘White
Australia’
15Aug06: Dr
Delph Singh, Indian Doctor, is travelling the
South Coast in a motor
car.
18Aug06: Strike in
the Canefields: …….there is no likelihood of Young Bros flooding the
country with cheap Hindoo labour, as we are reliably informed such rumour
is pure fabrication.
29Aug06: …….Coroner
found that about July 1901 at Woodlawn, Zarut Khan…murdered
Rahmtulla. ...committed for trial Circuit Court 3 Oct….
Murders by Chinamen
and Hindoos are becoming monotonous.
Black Labour in
Dairies: At the recent meeting of the Council of Progress Associations, at
Lismore, a letter was read from the Under-Secretary of Finance and Trade
relative to the question of black labour in dairies in this State, and
stating that, providing the dairy premises were in a sanitary state, there
was no power under the Dairies Supervision Act to refuse registration in
such cases. Seeing that the dairy regulations provide for the greatest
cleanliness, it seems an anomaly to permit such dirty creatures as Hindoos
to be employed in milking – ‘RR Express’
8Sep06: Editor
Plowright of Mullum called a ‘white man’ for not tendering for Murbah
business.
12Sep06: A
Canecutters’ Challenge. The following letter appears in the Southport
paper:- Sir, We see in the columns of your paper of 18th August
an extract out of the Mossman Champion containing a challenge from the
Hindoos to the Whites to cut and load cane for a wager. We have waited for
a fortnight to see if the Whites of the Mossman were willing to accept
their challenge, but have seen no more on their part so far, so have
determined to cut them man to man with ten men in a gang.
From what we can make
of it the reason the Hindoos have put out the challenge is because the
whites and the blacks cannot work in the same field or the farmer will
lose his bonus. We will meet them in any field of stripped cane where
whites and blacks can cut in one paddock, between Nerang Creek and
Bundaberg, provided we can get permission from Mr A. Cran, Manager Nerang
Mill, to leave work. If we can decide the wager on Nerang Creek it would
suit us better, as we are engaged to cut here for the season.
We think the Whites of
the Mossman are a very chicken hearted lot of men if they are frightened
to meet a gang of Hindoos on their own ground. We would only like the
chance to meet them here.
Signed R. Bashford’s
Gang, Nerang Central Sugar Mill.
The situation in India
is ugly. The Hindoos seem to be ripe for another mutiny.
29Sep06: Dleep
Singh v. Hinda. Small Debts Court. Neither turned up.
The cane-cutting match
between the Whites and Hindoos at Mossman has fallen through… As many of
our readers are soliloquising why a cane-cutting contest did not eventuate
after the challenges, we are informed that the mill manager intervened, as
he considers a contest would disorganise the workings of the gangs, and
further, that the Hindoos would take a defeat badly.
6Oct06: …Zarut
Khan (an Afghan), was arraigned… murdered one Rha Matilla…….
Accused was gaudily
attired……..
Something like 30
witnesses were subpoenaed in connection with the trial of Zurat Khan.
During the hearing of
the charge of murder against Zarut Khan, at Lismore Circuit Court on
Thursday, the Court was simply thronged with Hindoos, who manifested great
interest in the proceedings.
10Oct06: Zarut Khan
remanded for retrial at next Circuit Court. Jury couldn’t agree on
verdict.
13Oct06: John Raymond
Brown sentenced to Death.
3Nov06: William Baker, previously ‘Tweed Times’ has secured editorship of
a paper at Geralton near Cairns.
10Nov06: Land Court. Sunday (Hindoo) seeks confirmation or
otherwise of selection cp 06 25. Adolph Henschell for cp 06 10.
Jussa (Hindoo) requests conditions of residence for cp 05 51.
10Nov06: Even
candidates exhibited a lamentable lack of interest in the Shire Council
nominations on Wednesday
24Nov06:Trial of Zarut Khan
for murder of Rhamtalla on 6Aug01. Lal Meer a witness. Khan guilty
and sentenced to death.
Jack Brown to be
hanged Grafton.
28Nov06: The Hon T. T.
Ewing MHR comes to Murbah for some electioneering……. The gathering was
by no means a large one when proceedings commenced, but at a later stage
it increased to probably 200 people….. The objective of a White
Australia
was to do away with that condition of affairs which forced the white
labourer into competition with the coloured man. The Federal Government
had done and is still doing its best to remedy things. Where were white
men to breathe and live?
There was no room in
India with its teeming millions. Therefore they should strive to keep
Australia white ( Applause.)…
A report is current
that a petition will be prepared asking for a commutation of the death
sentence on Zarut Khan.
8Dec06: Sunda,
a Hindoo, was charged with using indecent language….
North Lismore:
…Syrian men and women…all spoke at once and spoke with extraordinary
rapidity in their broken engliush… A Cingalese,… Jimmy Williams…
but proper name Goolooka… stealing mail bag St Helena… 6mths
Grafton and released Thursday and now living shed Nth Lis attached to
store of William (Secunda) Boukalill… fed by several other asiatics… then
went to hut of Goa-Portugese named Juan Salvatore Pinto, well known
poultry dealer about town… and stabbed him… Young Syrian named Grank
Gabaly.. . number of Hindoos, Europeans and aborigines…
Hawkers licenses
granted William Hughes, Alex Solomons, Joseph Cohen, J.J. Doherty, Mary
Asher, Joseph Aboud, Catherine Josephs
12Dec06: The
Abyssinian peasant is bathed but thrice in his life – cleanliness and
godliness are evidently not neighbours…
Williams, Pinto,
Boukalil and Gavaly – all foreigners…
15Dec06:
Rhmata Khan
granted a hawkers licence for the Tweed District in Lismore Court.
5Jan07: Bobadeen, a Hindoo, and Sahib Deen,
another Hindoo,….both witnesses in a Kanaka assault charge.
Bobadeen, a witness, was
more frequently alluded to as ‘Sardice’ by the ‘boys’….. He swore
he was on lemonade and raspberry on Boxing Day.
Sahib Deen frequently
asked Mr Bruton to listen during his cross examination.
Distances are apparently
no object to coloured gents – at least in Police Court cases
9Jan07: Zarut Khan, the Afghan murderer, is to dodge the
hangman’s rope after all.
Delph Singh
has leased a farm on the Richmond River to Mr. J. Jaggers of Bega.
12Jan07: Rhamat
Khan charged with indecent language at Bungalora. The PM admonished
the accused very harshly for his beastly disgusting language and said he
wished he could send him to gaol for twelve months……
23Jan07: Hindoos in
Nth QLD are expert fowl stealers. They burn sulphur in the fowl house and
almost suffocate the fowls, then taking them away noiselessly.
26Jan07: Another of
our old dusky identities, in the person of Ching, died at
Kynnumboon on Tuesday. He was about 80yrs of age.
Small Debts Court:
Garnishee case of Hassall v. Khan.
Court-ettes. The
everlasting ‘Deen’ case in prominence in the Hindoo cases (Dheens).
With the Hindoos at
the court the ‘Innocents Abroad’ is very forcibly illustrated.
A hawker witness said
everybody who bought his goods were his friends. No doubt!
The Hindoo’s counsel,
in the indecent language case, blamed the larrikin element for the
responsibility of the Hindoos using the filthy expressions they frequently
do.
Tommy Takkera,
a Hindoo, pleaded guilty to indecent language at Marks’ wharf.
This was a case in
which some of the most disgusting language we have yet heard was used in
the presence of passengers on the river boat….. A Hindoo was fined £5 some time
ago, and this man was one of the parties then on that occasion, whom the
PM said he wished could be brought before him. £5 fine and £7 costs.
A southern exchange
hints that the Hindoo recently heavily fined by the Murbah Bench for bad
language, would easily pass the education test.
Dr Delph Singh
has become an active member of the Bega Good Templars’ Lodge.
Building trade still
booming Murbah.
30Jan07:
1200 new names added to Rous electoral roll in the last fortnight.
Sister
Stanislaus of Catholic Convent cancels subscription to paper due
anti-Catholic comments.
9Feb07: Deda Singh
sued E.C.J. Marks for £32/15/- for work and labour done on 9Aug05. Marks
kicked him at one stage. Witness here gave a rambling statement, of
which the only words audible were ‘no savee’! Lost case and had to pay
costs.
Court-isms: Two or
three of the defendants at yesterdays Court made their debut before the
bench.
Counsel (in Hindoo
Case): I will do my best to prevent people being both employer and
storekeeper.
The PM (in asking
witness if he knew a down river storekeeper): Perhaps he thinks we mean a
shirt!
A defendant in Court
yesterday had absolutely the longest moustache we have ever seen on any
man.
Yesterday’s Court
cases were mostly confined to whites. The black element must be turning
over a new leaf.
13Feb07:
Fifteen
shillings is all a local solicitor charged a Hindoo for four lawyers
letters and twelve personal attendances. Wonder what would his charges for
similar services against a moneyed white man be?
20Feb07: People
living in Solomon’s Row complain that some eleven or a dozen Hindoos are
living in the one small cottage. If their complaint be true, we can well
understand the objection neighbours have to a black aggregation in their
midst.
2Mar07: Malla Bucks (Nubby Bux? Mullah?), a coloured man,
applied for a hawker’s license. Refused after Police objection.
9Mar07: 100 Hindoo labourers in the frontier towns of British Columbia
have been discovered to be women dressed in men’s clothing……..
57646 immigrants admitted
to the Commonwealth last year without being subject to a test, an increase
of 9706 on 1905. Not a single person against whom a test was levelled
passed it. 53 persons failed to pass the test, all being coloured aliens.
11Mar07: The Dubious Variety of Immigration. In
Northern
Australia, where a much better brown man than the Abyssinian may happen along any
day, the Dago appears a dubious reed to depend upon… Just at present the
Dago is the prospective standby of the
Queensland
sugar industry…
20Mar07: Bloke named Schrieber fined £2 for interfering with a
‘coloured gent’.
23Mar07: Jussa v. Joseph Han.
The black ‘horror’ was in
strong evidence at the Bangalow show. Some of them subsequently
contributed revenue to the Treasury per medium of the Police Court.
An Assyrian asserts Paddy
McMahon is the Shire Council
Editorial Notes. The
Bulletin is eternally pen-pricking the dairy farmers of the North Coast
for employing Asiatic labor on their farms…And the credit of whipping the
Hindoo horror off the North Coast dairy slate certainly belongs to the
farmers themselves – not to the Bulletin or any other extrinsic force.
6Apr07: Assault
Case: This was a case in which Emily Deen, a dusky lady, proceeded
against Charlie Null, a Hindoo, for assaulting her on Easter Monday
Night at South Murwillumbah.
From the evidence, it
appears that the defendant, who had been employed selling fruit for the
plaintiff (who with her husband keeps a fruit shop and boarding house for
the ‘boys’ at South Murwillumbah), made a complaint to Mrs Deen about some
money matters. He says she hit him with a boot, whereupon he caught hold
of her by the hand and threw her down, breaking one of her fingers. She
suffered great pain and been under the doctor. The defendant admitted that
the only excuse he had for assaulting the plaintiff was because she hit
him on the hand with a boot, which drew from the PM some very strong
remarks. Null was characterised by the Bench as a ‘low scoundrel and a
coward’ for assaulting a defenceless woman. While the decision of the
Bench was being recorded Charlie was moved to tears, but the availed him
nothing……
The Bulletin’s Easter
article was headed ‘How Pontius Pilate, the Dago, washed his hands’.
13Apr07: Four
Hindoos are under remand at Lismore on a charge of being on licensed
premises at Bexhill on Sunday.
Aliens monopolised the
greater part of the time of the Police Court yesterday.
The installation of
cricketer Ranjitsinghi as Jam of Jamngar was carried out with great pomp.
It takes a Hindoo
witness to hide behind a subterfuge – and the subterfuge generally hidden
behind is the hackneyed ‘me no understand.’
The Hindoo states the
oath by drinking water. The Hindoo may hold the water, but we haven’t much
faith in his oath holding water.
Jessa v. Hanna.
Jack Jessa deposed that he was a labourer, residing at North Arm. On 25Sep05
lent money to ‘Hanna’. …..Billy Santo, who was sworn on
water, gave evidence, assisted by an interpreter. This witness was very
difficult to obtain information from.
17Apr07: North
Coast Farmers and Hindoo Labour: Apropos the North Coast creameries
refusing to receive the cream from dairy farmers who employ Asiatics in the
cow yards, a Tweedite contributes the following to the Sydney ‘Bulletin’:
A fly in the
‘Bulletin’s’ cream-can was for long the fact that the Hindoo finds
occasional employment in the North Coast cow-yards. The ‘Bulletin’ has
long warred against the pernicious habit, and its diatribes about the
matter have been sufficient to purge the Northern Rivers – where
everything reeks of the cow – of that evil. And, now that the evil has
been purged by the farmers themselves – aided and abetted by the
‘Bulletin’ – why in the name of justice doesn’t the Bulletin give the
dairy-farmers credit for having accomplished what they have, minus any
other extraneous force than a moral obligation to themselves and to White
Australia! If the Northern farmers had been forced by law to deny
themselves the pleasure of cheap Asiatic labor, then there would be no
need to pat them on the back; but when they, solely on their own
initiative, come to a unanimous decision to eschew the colored horror as a
human milking machine, they are certainly entitled to some
acknowledgement.
1May07:
A Hindoo –
christianised and well educated – has been looking for a job in
Murwillumbah as a tutor.
[R.B.Fernandez was running an advert at the time. 38yrs in Sydney
and teaching at the Jesuit school.]
15May07:
The Lismore Bench has sent Khar Deen, a Hindoo, of Bangalow, to
Gladesville asylum for the reconstruction of his mental appartus.
Deda Singh
v. E.C.J. Marks.
Another go
by Deda to claim £32. Lost again.
18May07: At the
last meeting of the Council of Progress Associations, Mr Robert Campbell
(Bangalow) mentioned that aliens were settling in the district. He knew of
a Syrian on the
Tweed who held 640
acres of land.
The trouble in India
is beginning to assume an ugly aspect: perhaps it will terminate in
another Indian mutiny.
(Catholic Campbell is the 'father of Bangalow'. Selected 640 acres
Byron Creek 1881 where town developed. Donated land for schools,
churches.)
18May07:Murbah Cafes.
Emily (and Prose?) Deen probably sold pies and the range of other café food/confectionery
from boarding house.
Alien
competition at this time was the restaurant of Andronico & Samio,
plus Fruiterers Chow Kum
1Jun07: Jimmy Williams, Cingalese, false pretences.
19Jun07: A woman at
Lismore Police Court
on Monday was fined 10s for fighting with smellful Hindoos.
26Jun07: A
Lismore court sentenced an ‘immigrant’ to 2mths for stealing. We don’t
want this sort of desirable (?) immigrant. Assyrian in South Murbah writes to Lismore Council.
3Jul07: A Hindoo was to be seen in town on Saturday garbed in a raiment
of many colours – Jacob’s coat was a fool to it.
An Afghan named
Chumpter went mad in Queensland on Saturday night. He shot four
persons before he was secured, one of whom died and the other three are in
a precarious condition.
680 on Mullum roll of State electors. 1413 on Murbah roll.
10Jul07: The Hindoo
threatens to outdo the unctuous Jew in the matter of politeness. Recently
a dusky son of
India made his way
into a local shop and addressed the man behind the counter thusly: ‘Good
day, please.’ The retailer replied ‘good day’, and the Hindoo, bent on
reaching the acme of politeness said ‘thank you.’
10Jul07: The Hindoo threatens to outdo the
unctious Jew in the matter of politeness. Recently a dusky son of India…
good day, thank you..
17Jul07: Editorial.
Blames Afgan camels for importation of Surra livestock disease.
Mr. Keir Hardie, the
English Labour Leader, is now advocating home rule for India.
7Aug07: The Hindoo
a Born Perjurer. ‘Tweed
Times’ has frequently commented upon the capacity of Hindoos for perjuring
themselves. The following, as related by a magistrate, Mr Jarbo, would
seem to bear out the idea that the Hindoo revels in false oaths:- ‘One of
the first cases I tried at Chittagong (Eastern Bengal), 33 years ago, will
illustrate the point. Plaintiff alleged that defendant’s cattle were
grazing on his land, and that whilst he was impounding them defendant and
a host of others attacked and maltreated him, rescuing the cattle.
Defendant denied that his cattle were trespassing on plaintiff’s land –
they invariably grazed elsewhere. It was defendant who had been subjected
to the most cruel ill-treatment. There were many witnesses on each side’,
added Mr. Jarbo, ‘and I took considerable time to go into the case, in
which there was much extraordinary conflict of testimony. As a result, I
ascertained that defendant owned no cattle at all, and the plaintiff had
no land. That was my first experience on the Indian bench, but it is only
illustrative of scores of others.’
A Casino resident who
bought a block of Murbah land for £80 recently resold for
£450…and another he purchased for
£75 …refused an offer of £20/foot.
In his Lismore
address Mr Hindmarsh (Lib MLA Rous) made a bitter attack on the Chronicle
which he described as a pie bald production between ‘The Worker’ and ‘The
Truth.’…
17Aug07: Says the
‘Northern Star’: The alien trouble is very rapidly putting in an
appearance in Casino. Nearly every hotel has a Chinese cook, and soon a
Japanese Laundry will be started. Added to a large store shortly to be
opened by Hindoos this looks as if the white man will have to consider the
alien question very seriously.
10Aug07: At the
Lismore
Police Court. Walter T. Gray proceed against Henry Ram….
Alleged sold tubercular cow.
17Aug07:
Lismore Court:
Lallah Ditteran charged with forging a receipt for 23 bags of grass
seed; property of Atta Singh.
Not guilty.
21Aug07: A German
is under arrest at
Brisbane on suspicion
of having murdered a Hindoo in the Nanango (QLD) district.
28Aug07:
Condong Range. As a
result of an advertisement that appeared in a local paper, all the Kanakas
on the Range have got the sack. It is to be hoped their places will not be
filled by a worse curse – the Hindoo.
31Aug07:
North Coast
lands at boom levels.
11Sep07: 10,039 on
Rous Roll. Two Murbah booths where 524 men and 326 women voted – a record
for the town.
Sina Singh
donates 10/- to Tweed Parish appeal for funds for St Carthages Cathedral
Lismore. Joseph Abood donated
£5. (Whilst Joe Abood, an Assyrian, was riding past the
‘Times’ election board last night his horse played up, and eventually got
rid of Joe to the great delight of the crowd.)
18Sep07:
Murbah Fire. Worst fire in history of any country town in NSW. 65
Buildings destroyed. ……We have all read of the looting by Australians
in
Johannesburg
and Ladysmith subsequent to the South African war, and when we saw the
behaviour of the mob on Sunday night we pictured the conduct of the
Australian rabble in South Africa. Truly, Australia possesses some of the
scum of humanity…..
5Oct07: A little
excitement was caused in town on Tuesday evening by a drunken Hindoo and a
ditto white man…
13Oct07:
Small Debts Court.
Buddah Khan v. Murley. Claim
£10, balance
due for goods sold and delivered, in the shape of 20 tons of cane.
Verdict returned for only £5.’
7Dec07: Hindus in
America.
Unknown to the people in the States to the east of the Sierra Nevada
range, quite a notable immigration of East Indians has set in upon the
Pacific Slope, and has resulted, as must have been foreseen, in bitter
racial feeling, culminating in an ugly riot, and possibly an international
controversy with Great Britain. The Asiatics seem to have underbid all
native labour, and it became merely a question as to whether Sikhs or
Americans should occupy the whole deal (?). In the fight many coolies were
badly hurt; 400 of them were given shelter and protection at the police
station; and 750 more took to the railroad and trudged along it due north
into Canada. Even in Canada however,…………
11Dec07: Mr Norman
McKinnon of
Johannesburg and
formerly of Tweed is on holiday from S.A. He is staying with his
brother-in-law, Mr. E. Prewett of Tumbulgum.
14Dec07: Article:
India as a
Food Producer.
George Silva,
Cingalese, supplying booze to aborigines
25Dec07: There is
room in
Australia for all the Anglo-Indians who can be induced to come.
Last existing edition.
Phil Tarlington of the
Tweed Times and Brunswick Advocate took over the Tweed Herald
and Brunswick Chronicle in 1913. Combined the two into one to become
The Tweed Daily in 1914.
27Jun08: Byron
Record. Wsham Singh – disorderly Bangalow.
Top
of Page
Random
Tweed Herald and Brunswick Chronicle:
20May1898: Open letter by proprietor George
F. Nicklin to Railway Superintendent re state of carriages.... All it
is fit for is for turning into a pig truck or a compartment for the
conveyance of the dirty, filthy, hideous Hindoos and other coloured
"fry" who are frequently travelling on the line. And the matter of your
making special arrangements for the conveyance of the "black agony" is
one that requires your IMMEDIATE attention. Is it right that decent
white men and women should be compelled to travel in a carriage with a
crowd of filthy, stinking, black or copper-skinned aliens, who, judging
by the perfume emitted from their bodies and clothes, enjoyed a wash of
both about ten years ago? I will admit that the guards place the "agony"
in the second-class smoking carriage under notice always, but sometimes
the "niggers" protest forcibly, and consider that as they pay "white
man's fare they should travel allee-samee white man." Even with the
aliens in the smoking carriage the difficulty is not overcome....
8Jul98: Alien Restriction Bill anxiously awaited. We were greatly
surprised the other day to find that already a number of Cingalese are
on the electoral roll. Things are coming to a pretty pass truly.
9Sep1898: Tommy Khan, aka Khan
Bussard, steals from Chedar/Chadu Khan. Lardu/Leriad Khan goes
bail. Nabob Khan perjury. (Strong opposition to the English
Bible at the court on Tuesday. About half-a-dozen dusky gents swore on
the Koran, and their jabber was interpreted by a more intelligent one of
the race. The bench, Solicitors and Press would require to be Grand
Moguls of the Polar star or something to understand them. Plus story
That Pious Hindoo, re bail money.)
29Jul1898: Influx of Aliens. Hindoos
23Sep98: Black Blasphemers:- The black agony was in evidence in
Murwillumbah on Saturday evening, in various stages of inebriation and
blasphemy. These inhuman hogs, if they want drink....
4Nov98: A Sunday scene in South Murwillumbah - Twenty-five dirty
Hindoos tramping in a bunch with their swags and cooking gear.
13Jan99: Carolis Appoo, Cingalese, steals from Don Bastian
20Jan99: Black Agony. Hindoo cane cutters Lower Richmond. The
farmer may lose what little moral character he ever had by employing
black wage serfs....
28Apr99: Hindoos at Cudgen. Kanaka strike.
2Jun99: Railways and Asiatics. Disease stricken Hindoos should
have separate carriages.
10Jul99: Hindoo Cremation Tintenbar. Fateh Singh, Herman Singh.
30 to 40 attend.
3Jul00: The white cane-cutters should drive every horrible Hindoo out
of the district....
12Oct00: Asiatics and Dairying. Lismore Chamber of Commerce.
31May01: 'The Black Agony'. Hindoos
sleep 6 to 8 in tents measuring 6ft by 8ft....
4Jun01: Seven Hindoos added to Tweed electoral roll. + 25
'black agonies' on the street saturday night.
10Jun01: Coloured Labor. - sugar industry.
14Jun01: Leader The Hindoo Vote... What is the Tweed Coming To.
18Jun01: Catholic
Irishman cane grower P. McMahon candidate for election only employs
black labour to 'trash' his cane like all other growers.
6Aug01: A White Australia. By Scrutator. Written Expressly for this
Newspaper.
8Oct01: A White Australia.
Ewing's speech.
1Nov01: Leader. The Black Labour Question.
31Dec01:
Indian
Doctor Delph Singh now permanently settled Bangalow (Garvey's
Hotel). Regularly visits Byron and Mullum.
11Mar02: Pallah Singh, Sava Singh, Harman Singh, Bashion Singh. Assault
18Apr02: Hindoo Issah killed by train. Boodgah Singh witness
22Apr02: A Hindoo Plague - and a 'White Tweed'
30Dec02 Delph Singh now based Murbah with 'Surgery in Main
Street'. Visits Mullum every Tuesday
3Feb03: Delph Singh v. E. Twohill. Insulting language.
3Apr03: Dr Delph Singh: To let 200 acres on Bilambil Creek, 120
acres felled and 40 acres under grass.
26Jun03: Dr Delph Singh v. Dr J.A. Goldsmid. Assault. Singh
awarded
£50.
5Jun03: A. Boxsell v. Delph Singh
15Jan04: Amed Shar v. Lilly Flattadeen (+ C. Simon, a native
of Algeria, granted Peddlar's License, as was also a native of
another black country named Budda Deen.)
26Jan04: Alick Ching, a gentleman of ebony hue....
5Feb04: Boogelah v. Nehal Singh in Mullum court.
19Feb04: The white
labourer is not slow to condemn the employer of coloured races, but the
above shows how that principle is ignored by the workers themselves, when
they can substitute black labour for their own at a profit to themselves.
It would be interesting to know how the political representatives of
labour regard this proceeding.
(After the Hindoos were locked out of the
cane fields and most employers refused to hire them directly, the white
contractors who had won their fencing, harvesting, clearing, whatever,
contracts, to then subcontract to the Hindoos at a lesser rate. The white
contractor had tended for and got the job at the higher rate for white
labour, thus doubling his profit.)
8Apr04:
Dr Delph Singh has resumed practice in Mullumbimby in his new
premises... But will continue to visit Murbah.
13May04: Mullum court. Sergon Hindu v. H.A. Kendrick. wages.
14Jun04: Meagher MLA mentions Dr Delph Singh in political
debate Lismore and gets laughs.
24Jun04: Another reference to Delph Singh in political debate. +
Chinese v. Hindoo at Billinudgel.
5Jul04: Chinese v. Hindoo again
5Aug04: Mullum Court. Street & Bloomfield v. Delph Singh. Luke
Gudge v. Delph Singh.
13Sep04: Hindoos and the Dairy Industry.
4Oct04: Bodah Singh granted hawker's license. 10yrs NSW.
18Oct04: Luke Gudge of Mullum and perjury in Delph Singh v.
Chapman case, re brushing on Singh's property Bilamble.
28Oct04:
Inquest
into fire Delph Singh's Mullum house inconclusive.
16Dec04: Chang Singh v. E.S. Cox for wages. Byron Court
13Jan05: James Williams, aka 'Jimmy', a native of Ceylon
24Mar05: Auction of Delph Singh's stock and farm implements
Bilamble
5May05: A Hindoo, Chen-Yen-Singh,.... charged with being of
unsound mind.... When will Australia be free from the black festering
sore?
30Jun05:
Leader The Question of the Hindoo - re Norco meeting - 'Down
with the nigger.'
14Jul05: Hawker's License to Abdulla Skype of Bangalow.... Nabob
Bash sues T. Wood for wages.... Both Byron Bay court.
25Jul05: Ram Sukh committed for trial
12Dec05 Sub-leader The Alien Hawker.
12Jan06: Munshi Lall Singh granted hawker's license Mullum
Court.
13Feb06: J. Ryder v. Sunday (Hindoo). Mullum Court
27Mar06: Boogeh v. Henaim Dass and Lall Singh
Mullum Court.
17Apr06: Why the Alien Hawker Should Go.
8Jun06: Lalla Singh v. Charlie Roodo. Mullum Court.
Hindoos are fairly plentiful about Mullumbimby at present, mostly
engaged in scrub-felling. Public opinion is not too partial to the
turbaned gentry, still less so to those alleged white men who give them
employment rather than pay European wages.
17Jul06: Leader. The Hindoo Curse.
25Sep06: Leader Alien Immorality. ... It should be declared illegal
for Hindoos and Kanakas, and in fact any of the alien scum, to live with
white women.....
30Oct06: Bertaff Singh v. P. Brown. Wages claim. K.N. Carolis
Appo and Phillip Hendrick, both Cingalese, also wages claim. Archie
Rollus interpreter.
13Aug07: Jussar
(Hindoo), cpo5-51, inquiry as to fulfilment of conditions
postponed for applicant’s attendance. J. Aboud, cp 05-84, residence
complied with.
6Sep07: Elias M.B. Deen, hawker Murbah.
5Jul09:
‘A Hindoo Horror’:
Large
article on murder by Indian student London. Article ‘Indian
Seditious Writings. Article ‘Widespread
Sorrow in
India.
27Aug09: Long letter
to editor by W.N. Gillies of Tintenbar on Tyalgum land ballot Those of
your readers who are patriots and genuine White Australians – and I trust
there are no exceptions – must………..Here are the charges made by the
Tyalgum settlers, and they can be proved to the hilt: 1. We consider them
an undesirable class. 2. They always lower the moral tone of any community
where they reside. 3. Being selectors, and away from police protection,
our wives and children are not safe, if Hindoos are allowed to make homes
among us…..
17Sep09: Jimmy Hamey,
Cingalese, drunk
24Sep09: Nicklin sent
copy of letter to Mr Ewing MHR who passed it on to Mr Littleton E. Groom,
Minister of External Affairs. Reply published and Gillies writes another
letter disputing figures. Plus dictation test. (Gillies stood for Labour
1910 Fed Election)
18Sep09: Article
‘The Smellful Hindoo. Long article on Land selection, particularly on
protest meeting Casino over successful Hindoo in Land ballot.
24Sep09: White
Australia.
The Hindoo Problem. Why it has become acute.
Long article on the success of a Hindoo at Tyalgum land ballot. …….The
degrading effect morally of the presence of these gentry in a
district……..In one part of this northern district for months a white woman
was living in a one-roomed humpy with four or five Hindoos, and this humpy
was passed daily by children going to and from school. Was there a word of
protest? Never a one, for these particular Hindoos were not then competing
for land. Two of these Hindoos were cattle dealers, and a splendid spirit
of camaraderie seemed to exist between them and their white neighbours.
The whites and the niggers could be met at any time on the roads going to
and from the sales helping each other cheerfully along, and seemingly
enjoying on another’s company. ……… On the occasion in a prominent town in
the district when Hindoos fought openly for the possession of a white girl
not a word was said – the affair was regarded as distinctly humorous – nor
was any protest heard when another Hindoo led the daughter of a renegade
white man to the altar in quite conventional style. …….. At a school in
this district the children of a Hindoo are in attendance and associating
freely with the white children without any protest being made, even though
in most centres the line is drawn as far as our own aboriginals are
concerned……..The insanitary habit of living pursued by these natives of
India is notorious, yet this did not deter certain prominent dairymen from
employing them as milkers………… During the past couple of years the status
of the more prosperous of the Hindoos……has increased greatly. They are no
longer the servile creatures who whined so piteously for a job a few years
ago. It is not uncommon to see a white man cleaning the boots of the
coloured gentleman, who – this operation concluded to his satisfaction –
retires to the hair-dressing saloon to be sartorially attended to by the
white barber……..
12Jan10: Hindoos on
the Land. On Friday afternoon last, the Land Board……..considered
the applications of the Indians Gunga and Bishan Singh for
land at Nimbin at the ballot for which they had been successful. Mr. J.A.
Barrie appeared for the two applicants. Gunga, who didn’t appear as if he
were worth twopence, said that he was worth £200, and alleged that he was
a money-lender, among his clientele being several Europeans, whom he
mentioned. By a remarkable coincidence Bishan Singh was also worth £200,
which amount he had lent to one Hyjarrah Singh, who testified that
he owed the money. Bishan Singh with an oily smile said that the other
Singh would pay him at the indefinite period known as ‘some day’. The
board was satisfied. But outrage by paper and citizens. …… In
view of the fact that some 77 European applicants had to go without land
at the last ballot, it appears against the principles of justice and the
desire of a white
Australia that members
of an inferior race should be granted a foothold aggregating 666 acres in
our midst. It is time that the people in this district rose up and
protested in unmistakable terms against any more land being given to the
members of a race which is inferior morally and physically to that with
which is desired to people Australia. Six of these men were successful in
the ballot at Nimbin.
12Jan1910: Nicklin
sold Tweed Herald and Bruns Chronicle to A.L. Strumm. Later public
farewell at which his antipathy to Hindoos was highlighted and
greeted with humour.
26Jan10: Hindoos
and the Land. Report on Lismore Municipal Council’s motion to make
representations to the Government preventing Hindoos and other
undesirables taking up Crown Lands for selection. …….not one-half percent
of the Hindoos were decent people. Ald. Latcham said every alderman in the
room would be pleased to wipe out the stain on Lismore of these aliens
snatching up the land. They were men who should not be allowed to walk on
the footpath, the road was the place for them (Hear, hear)………..
26Jan10: Hindoos
and Liquor. Cut and paste article from Boswell of the Bulletin. ……..
Recently I was witness to a brawl in a pub yard on the
Tweed River between
five inked-up Hindus……… The yells and shrieks of the turbaned gentry were
as blood-curdling as those of a Highland regiment on the charge………
W.R. Baker elected
Chairman of Norco
Feb1910: Political
Rally. ……Mr Dunn asked would Mr Nathan carry the White
Australia policy far
enough to advocate the prohibition of marriages between white women and
Hindoos. Mr Nathan: Certainly. I think it horrible that our race should be
polluted in such a manner.
4Feb1910: The
Asiatic Peril. Long letter to Editor from Boswell of the Bulletin.
White
Australia received a vicious blow between the eyes at Lismore a few weeks
ago………. The State Government is so fossilised, so anti-Australian, so
opposed to the White Australian policy, so strong an advocate of a
piebald, mongrelised brindle Commomwealth, so inept and spineless and
absurd that it pleads guilty to its shocking inability to make any better
use of its land powers than the handing over of the pick of its available
blocks to a crowd of Hindoos. And its latest outrage on white settlers who
want land for their sons was perpetuated last month at Lismore………. It is
alleged that already there is a milk vendor of the species plying his
calling in a certain centre not 100 miles from Murwillumbah. And, as yet,
I have not touched on the worst phase of all. It is the intermarriage
question. So soon as a Hindoo becomes the possessor of a farm, he rapidly
becomes the possessor of a white ‘missus’…….. Where a white family does
chance to be successful, there is a danger of the homestead being bounded
on all sides by Hindoo landlords, with their doorsteps worn by the patter
of piebald feet. The white woman who marries a Negro in the United States
gets two years’ imprisonment, and is deported at the end of the term…… Our
liquor laws allow any number of Hindoos to enter a hotel bar and absorb
any given quantity of alcohol, to pick rows with the white customers, to
brandish knives, to emit blood-curdling yells, to execute Pagan war
dances, and to carry on top ropes generally………
7Feb10: White
Australia v.
Hindooman.
Poem by Allan Faifax of Tumbulgum.
9Feb10: The
Half-Caste.
21Feb10: An Indian
hawker, Jarcka Singh, died Shepparton, Vic, during a wrestling match.
23Feb10: Hindoos as
Settlers.
23Feb10: Mr Peter
Street, Independent Liberal candidate for election, related to W.R. Baker,
and solicitor Murbah who represented Hindoos. ……An active and thorough
system of immigration of the white and desirable classes to
Australia is a
pressing need.
G.F. Nicklin
farewelled from Dainer’s Rooms
28Feb10: Editorial
The Hindoo Scourge. 2 columns. Premier Wade in town.
2Mar10: Shajawal
Khan donates £16/15/- to Lismore hospital on behalf of ‘Mahomedans’.
…… As there are a number of Hindoos in the district, a similar move on
their part would not be altogether unacceptable to the local institutions.
Mr Street stands down
as an Independent Liberal.
2Mar10: Strange
Hindoo Beliefs.
2Mar10. Mr Street
influenced to stand down.
4Mar10: Mr Nicklin
Farewelled. … After further humor and reference to his editorial work,
and his antipathy to Hindoos….
9Mar1910 and preceding
and succeeding editions on utterances of candidates for Federal election.
Mr W.N. Gillies, selected Labour candidate for Richmond and probably
letter writer of Tintenbar: …..He not only supported a White
Australia,
but he had consistently acted it all his life. Since the passing of the
Sugar Bounty Act, he was afraid there had been no consistent effort on the
Northern Rivers to check the influx of Hindoos. Since the passing of the
Immigration Restriction Act no less than 999 Hindoos had landed……In his
opinion it was even worse to allow them to marry white women than to hold
land….. He referred to the fact of there recently being 1,579
applications for land in this district, there being no less than twelve
Hindoos allowed as bona fide applicants, while a Hindoo had also won the
ballot against 94 applicants in the Casino district. He dwelt on the
injustice………
Prem Singh’s mate Neil
Neilson spoke in support….
Top
of Page
Tweed
Daily:
15Jan14: First edition
of combined papers.
10Mar14: ‘Hindoo
Jimm’ an entrant in the Hibernian Handicap held St Patrick’s Day
Murbah.
4Apr14: Sundi
Mahomet of Tyalgum v. C&F Power
9May14: The Brutal
Black – Cowardly Assault in
Main Street. The
vicious savagery and uncontrollable temper of the black man was amply
demonstrated in Main Street at noon yesterday, when a well-known Hindoo of
burly size made an attack on a young, half-drunken man, much smaller and
lighter than his brutal antagonist…………
11May14: Palo,
a Hindoo, charged with assault….of O’Gorman. O’Gorman was begging in the
street and provoked Palo. + S. Solomons, Kanaka.
11May14: Palo’s
employer N. Bornholt wrote an indignant letter to editor over the above
article.
30May14: Munchee,
a hindoo, drunk………
26Jun14: Hindoos in
Canada.
17Jun14: A Wooly
Turnout” A most exciting incident took place in Bangalow about
10 o’clock on the
morning of Wednesday last. For a quarter of an hour or so the whole place
was in a qui vive of excitement. The cause of the excitement was a black
brother from Bombay or a white who’d lost the number of his mess. He first
directed his attention to the local stationmaster, who landed him ‘bobby
dazzler’ and outed him. Recovering, he rushed to an adjacent pubbery and
collaring a bottle returned to the attack. The railway man promptly
repeated his performance. ……….
2Jul14: ‘Hindoos in
Canada’
3Jul14: ‘Educated
Half-Caste Indian’ Denied Entry
8Jul14: F.P. Hartigan,
‘Expert Dispensing Chemist’ of Murbah advertising ‘The Indoo
Influenza Remedy’…’The Indian national remedy for all forms of Dengue
fever, Influenza and colds in the head’.
20Jul14: The
Prohibited Hindus. Vancouver report
22Jul14: Unwelcome
Hindus. Wellington NZ. Complaints continue against the Hindu
invasion…….. In the backblocks land in the King Country, the men’s
relations with Maori women are arousing protest…….Exception is also taken
to the fact that the visitors from India are undercutting the rates of pay
received by white labour………..
23Jul14: Canadian
Hindus
27Jul14: Morrison v.
Sundai. Small Debts Court
…..’on account of service of a mare’.
11Sep14: Munchee
(Hindoo) donates 1 guinea to Murbah Patriotic Fund.
Indian Army Article
….certain regiments at the front in
Europe. ……wonderful
how such a large body of men of varying races and creeds is kept in
perfect order by a handful of British Officers….. 120 battalions of
infantry + 50 regiments of cavalry + sappers…
Gurkhas…. There are
about 20 battalions of these funny little Mongolians….
Sikhs….these are the
opposite extreme of the Gurkhas….
14Oct14: White,
Black and Yellow. Drinking incident … rear of Dells Café Murbah.
Palo
(Hindoo)
involved.
23Dec14: ‘Our’ Indian
Army.
28Dec14: Hindoo falls
off train near Bangalow. …but the dusky one picked himself up
apparently little the worst for his sudden stop.
21Jan15: Germans
realise fighting quality of Indians
26Jan15: Indian
Soldiers.
20Feb15: Bullo Khan
v. Sunday – claim for money due on sale of a buggy.
15May15: Atta Singh
v. Robert Lawrence. Assault by Lawrence ‘most cowardly’.
28Jun15: Photo of
Singh herbalists of Casino in every edition.
29Jul15 and 16Aug15:
Inquest into death of Hindoo Bahd Ralli, alias Alick Deen.
Found bludgeoned to death on river bank at Tyalgah. But coroner could not
determine how injuries inflicted.
14Aug15: A German
Invasion. A Hindoo Captured. The Tale of a horse, cart and harness. …a
poor, miserable-looking Hindoo named George Malay, alias Charles….
3 Germans of Murbah (Goldman, Wulff, Hess) charge him with stealing a
horse and cart, previously his. Malay in sharefarming agreement Bilambil.
Out on a Bender. A
number of gaily-turbaned Hindoos….
15Dec15: Charge
against Mohamedan – Broken Hill
18Dec15: Sal Ram
v. L.D. Clothier. Small debts court + 21 Dec15
4Jan16: Gudge Singh.
Drunk Murbah
15Jan16: Harry Atta
Singh v. D.J. Botag. Small Debts Court.
7Mar16: Hindoo
Gundah Singh. Riotious behaviour
13May16: There are
so many Hindoos in this part of the
North Coast…. Worth
considering appointment of Hindoo Magistrate… No doubt some of the
fraternity would then soon figure at the advocates table. R.R. Express.
22May16: The Hindoo
Wife. Repeated every so often. Again 23Jun16.
6Jun16: Hindoo,
carrying a swag, nearly dies Murbah rail station.
10Jun16: Tweed Shire
Council v. Ayra Khan. Illegal gate Couchy Creek.
10Jun16: A Hindoo
Case. Jack Jessar of Crystal Creek v. Palo, another
Hindoo…. Insulting words.
5Jul16: Dyed
Garments. …..Ditta Singh (which is Dyed Garments’ Sunday name) has
no visible means of support and was a nuisance generally. 65yrs of age and
ought to know better. Got 6mths Grafton gaol. (25Jan16: Dyed Garments
on 3yd handicap with Joe Sing, Lee Lau and W. Choy in Allies Day Handicap)
14Aug16: A Hindoo
Death. The death occurred in a tragic manner… Nubby Bux at
Piggabeen.
31Aug16: Frank (Ranji)
Pearce, professional boxer… no visible means of support. Rejected WW1
service for ‘colour’.
3Oct16: Persons of
foreign birth re voting referendum
23Jun22: Mr Brinivasa
Sasiri addresses QLD parliament advocating equal rights for Indians in
QLD.
6Nov25: Australia for
Australians
21Jul26:
Editorial White Australia. Dr Evatt embarrassed at Aust position and
Labour party position, given union position on brotherhood of man
3Dec27: Nassi Khan,
a Hindoo, charged as a prohibited immigrant Maclean. Ex banana grower of
The Channon.
20Sep28: Lal Singh applies to eject Alla Singh Mullum.
6May30: White Girl
(age 16) and Hindoo (age 59) Lismore.
11Sep31:
Jewallah Singh who came to Aust 18mths ago to take possession
of the estate of his late uncle Chundah Singh left Ballina for
Sydney ….. Chundah Singh is remembered in the Richmond District for his
magnificent physique and for his business acumen …. Accumulated property
worth £14,000.
12Oct33: Booti
Singh, resident Australia 30yrs, donates to the Lismore RSL for ‘the
poor soldiers”.
29Dec33: Devan
Singh, market gardener of St Helena.
22Mar34: Thomas Goherry, 'a foreigner', sues Lal Singh for wages
for banana chipping.
25Apr34: Muddy Ram
v. Harry Everitt of Everitt’s Hill, Mullum. Witness Joalia Singh
(age 79). Both working small patches on Everitt’s place.
5Jan35: Beer Singh
aged 55, killed in car accident Condong. Was in company with Easar
Singh. Both working for ‘Shar’ of Tomewin. Both had stayed at
Pola Singh’s camp behind the Standard Sawmill on Condong Rd the
night before. 8 compatriots present at cremation. 25 Murbah residents were
interested spectators. Had daughter in India.
16Feb35: George
Delip Singh last seen Murbah Sep1932. Reward of
£3 any person finding him. J. Harname, Nambour.
28Sep35: Charges
against two Hindoos, father and son, Mullum. Jemal Singh, alias
Tommy Kirram Singh, charged by Cecil Roy Timbs for stealing a plough.
Father Charlie Pwan Singh charged with permitting a horse to be ill
treated
28Dec35/1Feb36/28Feb/21Apr36: Charge of assault against Lal Singh
of Main Arm. Offence Jun/Jul35. Northern Star 23Apr36: Not guilty of 6
charges. 2 lads give conflicting evidence.
1Feb36: Jenal Singh
of Mullum – ill treating horse.
2Oct36: Cyclone wipes
out banana farm of Braham Singh Ewingsdale
28Nov36: Jimmy
Braham Singh, greengrocer of Mullum.
30Nov36: Jenal
(Tommy) Kiram Singh, young Hindoo fruit vendor, and father Baghwan
Singh of Mullum.
3Feb37: Jenal Singh
(age19) of Montecollum. Stealing bananas. Thrashed by father. Basunta
Singh, banana grower of Rous Mill.
31Jul37: Bagwan
Singh illtreating horse Mullum.
31Jan41: Lal Singh
of Round mountain fined £5 for unclean dairy. Share farmer had control of
dairy and was sacked by Lal because of dirty dairy. Lal himself called
police to come and see for themselves but he was charged on a technicality
– it was nominally his dairy.
20May41: Lal Singh
(age22) and Chenan Singh (30) both labourers of Nobby’s Creek.
Charged with assaulting Ra Moon, Ra Moon’s son, Beance Singh and
Kishan Singh. Possibly charges against other Indians.
24May41: Cross
charges.
12Jun41: Four Hindus
each fined
£5 for
assault: Chenan Singh, Lal Singh, Beance Singh and Kishen Singh. Only
one of the quartette could understand English. Beance Singh was the
son of Ra Moon. Pretty much the whole Hindu population of the
Tweed is here today.
28Mar41:
Small Debts Court: Alexander Neville Monement v. Lal Singh.
24Sep41: Tommy
Nutta Singh and Enie Nutta Singh, formerly ‘of’ Nundah’, McLeods
Shoot.
30Oct41: Edward John
Whitby found guilty of assaulting Lal Singh of Round Mountain.
Singh still in hospital.
3Nov41: Brahm Singh
of Coorabell – car accident Crabbes Creek
27Nov41: Lal Singh
assault case.
11Dec41: Whitby
committed for trial Lismore for assault of 70yr old Lal Singh
23Apr42: 32yr old
Whitby gets 1yr and 9mths in goal. Lal attends court after 6mths in
hospital but has to be assisted into court and had walking stick and leg
in plaster. Whitby was a share farmer on Lal’s property at Round Mountain.
Lal lived in a hut while Whitby lived in a house on hillside. Before
hitting Lal Whitby said You black-------; you do not trust me…..
After hitting Lal Whitby uttered There you are, you black mongrel……
31Jul42: William Watts
guilty of stealing 6 cows (£18)
from Lal Singh of
Round
Mountain. Total of 80 head of cattle missing when Lal released from
hospital.
17Sep42:
William Watts claims wages from Lal Singh. Claim fails.
11Feb43: Lal
Singh loses a Bay Pony.
2Apr43:
Indra Singh of Nobbys Creek subscribes £10 to Third Liberty Loan.
20Apr43:
Ishin Singh,
Ram Lal Singh
and Charnan Singh
of Nobbys Creek subscribe £100 to the Third Liberty Loan.
3Jul44: Shop
and dwelling of Mr and Mrs Ramat Alli destroyed in fire at Tyalgum
and bit of New State Hotel next door.
1Nov44:
Eshar (aka Easar) Singh, late of Dungog – probate of estate.
22Nov44: Fire Couchy
Creek destroys
£5000 worth
of bananas. Mick and Pat Aboud worst sufferers with 17 acres of
bananas valued at £2000.
5Nov45:
Pritan Singh of Dunbible burning off.
28Jan46: N. Singh
of Byron Bay donates to Food For Britain Appeal.
11Mar46: Doulby
Singh (33) banana grower of Alstonville and Bobby Bahadar Singh
(23) banana grower of Rous Mill killed in road accident.
18Feb47: Besant
Singh, arrived Aust 60yrs ago, dies age 105 Ballina. Living
with 84yr old nephew Tarcora at Teven. Lal Singh of Round
Mountain.
9Apr48: Two Hindu
brothers, Jack Parkash (Photo) and J. Dass of Nobbys
Creek returning to the Punjab for a visit after 12yrs Aust. Coming back.
Jack came Aust 1936 aged 18, followed by brother. Moved from Richmond 4yrs
ago to grow bananas.
29Mar48: Mr Wittleton,
banana grower of Alstonville. Just back from Africa….many of the
Indians imported when the railway was constructed at
Nairobi had set up in
business and gradually squeezed out most of the British by underselling
them. There is ample evidence of this development to make the white
Australia policy imperative….
Fear of competition
from the Hindu banana growers.
28Jun48: Lal Singh
leases 400 acre farm at Round Mountain.
7Aug48: Hindu fined –
Clarence Pholi, market gardener of Mummulgum. Married with 4 children.
14Aug48: Kishen
Singh, partner of Kishen Singh, Chanvan Singh and Ram Lal
Singh fined Murbah because of tax return discrepancies.
29sep48/8Oct48:
Marriage performed by Mohammedan elder Fazal Abdul Majead (aged 85
or 65) of Ghularm Haider, Bungarbee farmer, and Dorothy Janet
Deen on 27Aug47 deemed illegal. Legal test case.
3Feb49: 70yr old Hindu
Charles Nundah, burst into tears Lismore court. Pensioner of Peate
St Nth Lismore. Lismore identity 1950s. Drove horse and cart around main
streets. Owned land Coraki pre WW1.
28Feb49: Ali Deen
denied citizenship rights. Born 1924/27 Lismore, son of Mr and Mrs Nazam
Deen originally from Pakistan, tried to enlist in the RAAF and RAN Air
Wing during WW2 but they didn’t want him. Initially tried to enlist in
Sydney but after rejection tried again in Brisbane with a different
birthdate, but was again given the bum’s rush. Subsequently served for
4yrs with the US Army Air Corps. After the war he returned to Lismore and
tried again to enlist in the Australian services when the RAAF in
particular was on a heavy recruiting campaign. The RAAF spokesman said:
The applicant did not discharge the onus of proving he was a British
subject within the RAAF regulations. Said the RAN spokesman: A
candidate for enlistment must be substantially of European descent and the
son of native-born or naturalized British subjects. Said Deen: I
feel very badly about this. I am an Australian citizen and I strongly
resent being denied full citizenship rights. Why should I be turned down
when they are crying out for manpower? …….. I understand that an
Australian Chinese has been treated in a similar way. It just doesn’t seem
right to me. Could be the same bloke who was sprung as a stowaway
1948.
21/24/25Oct49:
Big story on death of 34yr old Kischen Singh of Nobby’s Creek. He
and brothers ceased work on their banana farm after income tax charge and
remained in their house because of evil spirits. Cremated near the General
cemetery, Old Lismore Road, and drew a lot of attention. Rites of the
Rajput religion. Ashes sent back to father Kham Singh in Punjab. Kischen
had been Aust 14 years. Brothers Chanen Singh and Lal Singh
aged 30 also Nobbys Creek. Another brother Milkha Singh and a sister
Phagbanty still in Punjab. Mother Palie died 24 years ago.
A regular and
prominent visitor to Murwillumbah, and probably Mullum and district,
during the late 1940s was Professor K. Kirpal Singh, who joined the CSIRO
in early 1947 and was appointed to study district food resources.
1Sep50: Aged Mahomedan
told he was a ‘naughty old man’ by police magistrate. Buddha Khan
of Murbah v. B. Khan of Huonbrook. B. Singh interpreter.
5Sep50: Champion
Indian wrestler Joginder Singh holidaying Southport in Sea Haven Guest
House owned by compatriot Fasil Deen. (18Nov50: F. Deen also had
Chelmsford Guest House Southport)
5Oct50: Alan Black,
22yr old aboriginal charged with malicious wounding of 2 elderly Indians,
J. Miller aged 69 of Terania St Nth Lismore and A. Freda, 70, same
address. Miller was a cripple and could only walk with aid of canes.
10Feb51: Aged Indian’s
body found. Dead 3 weeks in paddock Borrie Creek Road, Nimbin. ‘Sindy’
= 90yrs old. Been Richmond district 50 yrs. Son in India.
24Oct51: Article on
Ramit Alli. (He was probably the culprit responsible for all the
election brouhaha in 1910. He was on poor farming land and subsequently
gave the game away to become a store keeper in the embryo town of Tyalgum
where he remained for many years as a local identity. Ramit was from a
village just north of Ralwaipindi and landed via a stint in Bombay in
about 1896. He was initially a timber-getter in Mackay before going to
Brisbane, buying up bankrupt stock and hawking it around Mullum and Murbah.
He then set up a store near John Robb’s mill at Cudgen, which he had to
sell in order to take up the selection of the ‘forfeited’ Tyalgum land.
Ramat married an English lass, Nellie Amile State, who came from
Birmingham in 1913. She died at Tyalgum on xmas eve 1947 aged 70. In 1951
Ramat sold up and did a trip back home.
[But prior to him
there was an Indian Hawker named Tragedy Holmes from ‘Whitford &
Josefs Store’ in Murwillumbah ….who travelled from farm to farm selling
his wares from his covered wagon. Another identity was Salig Ram,
who was a scribe for those of his race that lived in the Tyalgum
district and were unable to write. (Quotes from History of Tyalgum
and District). In 1913 ‘Salguam (Hindu)’ was enrolled at
Tyalgum, the first and only Hindoo to be enrolled in the Murbah sub
division of Richmond until the 1930s.]
15Mar52: RSL says term
‘White Australia’ is offensive but conference SE Qld District reaffirms
its belief in restrictive immigration policy.
3Aug52: 50 people
witness open air cremation of Milka Singh, age 73. Came Aust 50yrs
ago. Hawker around Albury. Started with wheelbarrow and graduated to
wagon. Employed by Mr Watt on East Murbah plantation last 16yrs. Returned
India 1948 for 2yrs. No rellies Aust. Brother, who predeceased him, was a
rich hawker. – only 2nd cremation ever held Murbah. Hindus
came from Bangalow and Nobbys Creek. Sikh minister Pran Singh gave Indian
service.
13Nov52: North Coast
Methodists urge Fed Govt to introduce Quota for Asian Immigration.
26Jan54: Ghalom
Khan of Mullum – fire out of control
8Jul54: Indians for
Australia – 100 annual quota
17Nov54:
Ajmer Singh
of McLeods Shoot, formerly Nobbys Crk, and Konter Singh of
Nobbys Creek. Tommy Parkash of McLeods Shoot
11/17Feb55: Indian
High Commissioner guest of Murbah Rotary
24Nov56: Young Indian
Farmer visits Tweed banana farms.
9Oct57: Miss Zillah Margaret Singh married Thomas
Garbutcheon Singh at Methodist church Coolangatta. Both of Tugun.
Allan Singh best man and also gave bride away.
5Nov57: 8 Indian labourers from banana plantations rioted in a
shop in the small town of
Woolgoolga late today.
23May58: His
Excellency Lt Gen Mohammed Yousuf, High Commissioner for Pakistan to open
Tweed Banana Festival
12Aug58: Pat Aboud,
banana grower of Conchy Creek, was 1957 banana packing champion. He and
Myftar Hasan of Dunbible in 1958 competition.4Aug58: Photo of young Noela
Aboud with 120lb bunch of bananas.
20Aug58: Ram Chandra,
the snake man, at Murbah. Based Mackay.
20Jun58: R. Singh
aged 9-11 in Crystal Creek sports day.
2Sep58:
Ajmer Singh
aged 28 of Fernvale near Murbah sues neighbour for 157 quid for injuries
while chopping down trees. Agree to lend a hand but no contract. Had wife
and brother-in-law working with him.
25Nov58 Sarwan
Singh aged 25 charged with murder of Naranjan Singh aged 23.
Both banana growers of Korora, Coffs harbour.
Kathrina Adele Singh
b. Tugun. Parents Tom and Zilah.
21Apr59: Photo of Kildap Singh Daily News.
20Oct59: Obit for Mrs A. Singh died Wardell aged 64. Widower of late
George Harman Singh who died 12yrs ago. Eldest dau of late Mr and Mrs
Raphael Phole of Glebe Point and Coraki. Survived by sons George Maurice (Alphadale),
Leslie Phillip (Tweed Heads), Alleyne Harman (Williamstown), Gordon Keith
(Tomewin?), Ronald James (d. 1950). + five daughters.
28Sep84/11Mar85:
Article on early Hindoos and Kanakas accompanied by large photos dated
1902.
Top
of Page
Mullumbimby Star:
1901: Nil ‘aliens’
Mullum district on Federation, but 2 ‘Hindoos’ recorded as working on land
clearing for the Dannish pioneer, Henrik Nielson, on his Mullumbimby Creek
property, ‘Mooyabil’, not far from the Golf Course, in the late 1890s?
17May01: Fred Wareham,
farmer St Helena, employs John (possibly aka Gorditto) and Jim
Singh on his farm ‘Koreelah’. Followed by Ram and Galab
few months later. Goorditta, Baboo, Budjah, Delep Singh (possibly
aka Galab Singh), Lalgree, Esir Singh, Boota Singh, Nutta Singh, Dava
Singh, Bisham Singh, Glerma Goorditta, Narm Singh, Sunda Singh, Nuthu,
Munda, Kaloo Kissen Singh, Jackta, Dood Singh and Pola Singh,
all worked there at one time or another in the early years.
National Archives File
Gulab/1/17264:
Gulab Singh got
reference from Wareham 10May05 on return to India. Had been working for
him for 4yrs. Also worked for D. Kennedy Tyagarah. Returned 1909 with
Goordita and Ram Singh. From village of ‘Hak
Klan, district of Jullundhur, near Nakodar’. Photo and Elector’s
Right certificate and other stuff also on file.
Ditto Galahb Singh
who came back 1911, whose contact with the Collector of Customs was made
through letter writer Wali Mahomet Shar of Karnana, via Banga
District, Jullundah. Walli and brother had general store Wyrallah from at
least late 1890s.
The 1906 electoral
roll for the Byron Polling District lists Beer, Bhuywan, Braham, Bunt,
Bulton, Callah, Chur, Dava, Delip, Golab, Hraram, Kahun, Mahar, Mayah,
Nutta, Panjab, Pola, Pram, Pun Gam, Ram, Rangoo, Sabar, Satchain, Solram
and Utler Singh, Goolan and Shab Mahomed, Nubob Khan,
and those simply listed under the single names Bishan, Booya, Godetta,
Goordetta, Indur, Jackstar, Juctka, Rullar and Utcheroo.
Munshi Lall Singh was the only one listed in the Mullum district and
there there were none in the Murbah district.
Mid1905: Nabob Bash,
a Mahometan, sued D. Wood in the Byron Bay court for £5/8/- in wages. The
Police Magistrate threw out the case because it was fatal to his
jurisdiction after Wood’s lawyer argued that the nearest court was not
resorted to for remedy. Presumably the case should have been heard in
Mullum. (Could be Nubob Khan listed at Byron Bay in 1903 and 06 and Jiggi
in 1913.)
Late1905: Syrian
hawker named ‘Hillday’ (probably Najeb Hilway who had been hawking around
the area since at least 1890) had a bloke named De Vout before the Mullum
court for not paying his bill.
3Feb06: W.R. Baker
Mullum Auctioneer. 100 acres Main Arm =
£6/acre
3Mar06: Delph
Singh v. Kesteven. Lismore Court. Kesteven leased Delph’s
house and paddocks Oct1904 with certain leasing arrangements/requirements.
Delph reckons he didn’t pay rent and Kesteven the opposite. Verdict for
Kesteven. Delph’s lawyer was Mr Holman (better known as a Labour member
than as a barrister)…… W.R. Baker witness for Kesteven. Baker
and Kesterven on committee to form Mullum Municipality. Holman was Premier
NSW 1913-16 (Labour) and 1916-20 (Nationalist)
7Jul06: Lalla Lacoo alleged stealing from Gunda. Rooda, Johalla
Singh, Chitto, Dwan, Utta Singh, Munche Lal Singh witnesses. Chitto
'mayor' of Lalla's village.
10Mar07: Dr
Kesteven, it is understood, intends naming his residence ‘Philadelphia’.
Students of Greek will interpret the derivation and wherefore of the name.
[Lover of the ambiguous Oracle!]
[From the
Biographical Register, vol. 1: Kesteven (1851-1924) graduated in
medicine from St Bartholomew’s Hospital in London then went to New Zealand
where he married and served as govt medical officer. By 1887 he was
bankrupt and the following year he was dismissed, but exonerated by a
Royal Commission. In 1891 he established a practice in Sydney and by 1893
was bankrupt. Lismore Chronicle 2Feb04 describes him as a former govt
medical officer in Queensland and medical superintendent in Brisbane
Hospital, and now govt medical officer in NSW. Lived ‘Riverview’,
Molesworth St, north of Zadoc St, a very expensive bit of real estate. .
Son Dr Hereward Leighton Kesteven (1881-1964 described as a ‘medical
scientist’. Born Levuka Fiji. Went to NZ via Fiji. Medical officer in
Fiji.]
14Mar07: Devar
Singh (Hindoo) pleaded guilty to riotous behaviour and fined
10/- or 3 days.
21Mar07: Dr
Kesteven has completed the purchase of the property on which he resides
known as Delph Singh’s.
9May07: An oily
Hindoo was fined 55/- for obscene language and riotous behaviour at a
temperance meeting at Ballina.
31Jul07:
William Baker
aged 85 dies Grafton… 8 daughters and 2 sons… WR of Mullum and Albert of
Billinudgel but now Atherton… P. Street solicitor and mayor Murbah…
7Aug07: The Hindoo
a Born Perjurer. Quoting Mr Jarbo ex Bengal
8Aug07: ‘The Alien
Immigration - Keeping the Blood Pure’: Not specifically Hindoo,
mainly the riff-raff of
Europe … It will be
impossible to expel the fathers or to check the increase of the children.
The races who now inhabit the land will be obscured or ousted by their
inferiors, who grow rapidly on a new soil.. ..
[A 1904 amendment to the Federal Immigration Restriction Act, preventing
the entry of wives and children of ‘coloured persons’ already established,
ensured the Hindus remained without families for sometime. Minor
concessions were made in the 1920s and 30s when leading merchants were
allowed to bring wives and families.]
11Sep07: Election
Results
7Nov07: Albert and
W.R. Baker get auctioneer licenses.
6Aug08: …ph
(Delph?) Singh and Panah fined 40/- for
riotous behaviour. Before Dr Kesteven JP.
Article The Hindoo
Horror. Very long and signed by ‘Southern Cross’. …We
have in Australia the rabbit pest, the sparrow pest, the noxious weed
pest, and the coloured alien pest. … The pest which I would wish to deal
with here, and the one which affects Mullumbimby most, is the Hindoo pest.
Periodically we have outbursts of indignation against this plague, when
its unwelcome presence becomes too apparent, such as at show time; … as a
few months will bring the show season round again, a note of warning here
might not be remiss….
13Aug08: Regular
column by ‘Paspalum’.
The Hindoo Horror is settling down on us with a vengeance. Its
objectionable element is prospering with the seasons….
3Sep08: White
Australia.
The ‘Queensland Agricultural Journal’ jobs some home truths down the necks
of believers of ‘our coloured brothers’ …The wail might be extended from Wum Lung to Sam Singh,
as he is the biggest pest in this part of the country…
Plus letter on Hindoos
by ‘Cornstalk’.
…I think the question of the Hindoo nuisance should be a test one at the
coming council election. Let the character of each candidate be carefully
scrutinised, and if any shows a partiality for coloured residents and low
class living, strike his name out no matter what other claims he may
have….
Albert and William
Baker stand for Council
10Sep08: Alien
Immigration. Loopholes Alien Immigration Restriction Act.
12Sep08: Albert Baker
misses out on Council. Joseph Hollingworth elected mayor over William
Baker.
…We trust
that the new council will make post haste to cleanse the municipality….
29Oct08: Our
Coloured and Smellful Brethern. Peripatetic Pars by Cynicus. Twisted
story of the Richmond-Tweed’s Council of Progress Associations campaign
against Syrian hawkers. Mr Brian of Lismore objected to the Association’s
petition to implement a more efficacious method of granting hawker’s
licences to aliens, a subject the combined associations had been
pursuing for a couple of years because …the alien hawker seemed to be
overruning the land…. and thus depriving the European who was aged or
half-crippled from taking up work which might be profitable to them… went
about terrorising women who were away from police protection… Brian
said ‘How can we send our missionaries there when we treat the Hindoos
like dogs here… Cynicus said This is the same old story and same
old arguments that are always brought out when anything is said about the
dirt and disease the Hindoo carries with him as his stock-in-trade. If we
do pay missionaries to teach ‘ the heathen in his blindness’ there is no
reason why we should also have to take him with his filth to the bosom of
the family. At every Quarter Sessions held on the Northern Rivers the
Hindoo is a certainty, charged with crimes that will not bear publication
in a newspaper. Canada has seen the danger of this class of
population, and
British Columbia is
now deporting Hindoos to the Honduras. The Transvaal has made so stringent
regulations as to registering that many were glad to leave. Thus Australia
has every chance of becoming the dumping ground of Black Brother Scum.
Even they
(sic?) are an older nation that does not give them a monopoly on dirt.
Since
Britain knew them the Order of the Bath has been obsolete in India, and
the smell of them is strong in Australia.
(Norman James Mackinnon, proprietor, printer and publisher, spent time
South Africa.)
29Oct08: An Indian
(sic) Aboo Joseph… commercial traveller… trial Sydney. (Joseph Aboud?)
5Nov08: A. Baker sues
W.R. Baker.
17Dec08: Eskar
Singh v. George Estrich. Assault. Estrich fined 20/- and 21/-
costs. A. Baker charge of abusive language dismissed.
7Jan09: The Black
Peril by Cynicus. 11 Hindoos arrested Mullum during an Indian
fracas.
14Jan09: Leg-Pull. RR
Express. About Star’s article on the ‘Indian Fracas’
18Mar09: W.R. Baker
resigns from Council.
13May09: Hindoo
offence Woodlark St Lismore.
20May1909: Joa
Singh sued Nehal Singh.
1Jul09: White
Australia. The advocates of coloured races for filling up the open
spaces in
Australia go a long
way to laud a good one (he is the exception) to the skies. J. C. McGowan
MLA in farewelling a Syrian merchant in Sydney ….praised
his personal worth etc. To which the Star added: Labour Leader
McGowan may have found a deserving specimen for his high-faluting tripe,
but he will find it difficult to cram that down White Australian necks.
There are good coloured people and bad white people, but the white, though
numerically less, have stood the strain test. The half-and-half nations
deteriorate quickest, as they generally have the faults of both colours
and none of the virtues. ….. And the Syrian, who is of the piebald breed
is what McGowan wants to build up the social and business life of
Australia
with. Syrians may be seen in other parts of the world living
higgeldy-piggeldy, men, woman, and children, in one room, and selling
Brummagen jewellery for a living….
8Jul09: Death of
Bishop Doyle of Lismore. The Star didn’t run an obituary of its own but
repeated the words of the Bulletin. Recently deceased RC Bishop
Doyle of Lismore was a strong barracker for a white Australia …and…
had the cathedral built by day labour under a Scotchbyterian overseer, who
had instructions to ask no man his creed, but to employ nobody who wasn’t
white. (That month the Star also reporting on ‘Female Hooligans’ and
the actions of the ‘suffergists’.)
15Jul09: …In Europe
it is alleged that the brown rat of Asia came and killed off the native
black rat, and now the black rodent is an extinct species there. This
should be taken as a hint by Australians, and everything Asiatic – whether
biped or quadreped – kept out of the country and thus ensure a White
Australia.
The voracious Asiatic only needs a foothold to bring about the downfall of
a white nation’.
22Jul09: Mackinnon
sells paper but continues as publisher until Henry Josiah Holt fully in
control ~ lateSep09. (24Mar10 Mackinnon takes over The Noosa Advocate’)
12Aug09: Hindoos
and the Land. Much discussion is going on in respect of the question of
Hindoos being allowed to compete in the ballot for land…. Tyalgum
23Sep1909: Mr G.S.
Briner MLA writes… on land ballots
30Sep1909: ‘Boswell
on Lismore’ was lifted from the Bulletin: White
Australia has many
dark spots on it at Lismore, the metropolic of the Richmond River cow
district.
At most of the hotels your food is dished up by a Chinese or Jap cook,
assisted by a kitchenman of the same coloured clay. The laundries are
named ‘The Tokio’, ‘The
Hiroshima’, ‘The
Nippon’ etc., and therein amid the suds and steam, you behold white girls
toiling for a humble wage under Asiatic bosses. Garibaldi and Demetrius,
as usual, control the fish trade; while the traffic in fruit and green
groceries mostly flows through Greek or Syrian channels. Our Hindoo
brother pursues the fancy goods business with his usual velocity; there
are Chow grocers, and a prosperous boot shop is run by two Beloochees.
(Afghans.)
The Star left out the
last sentence, perhaps not wishing to offend local catholics: With all
his predilections for a white
Australia, and
incidentally a white diocese, the late Bishop Doyle doesn’t seem to have
carried sufficient heavy artillery to stem the tide of Asiatic invasion on
the Richmond.
Boswell’s observations
were not carried in the Northern Star. That day the Northern Star
carried an address by the Governor General under the headline Racial
Patriotism: ‘……Therefore, let us take the lesson to heart, and let
us Englishmen, while glorifying in our own race, while glorying in our own
traditions and customs, be ever ready to extend the hand of cordial
fellowship to every race……’
7Oct 1909: Hindoo
bashed and found unconscious Terania St., North Lismore. (Identified as
Pundit in the Northern Star). Plus Gatherings Column: Since 1902
nearly 1000 Hindoos have entered the Commonwealth without being subject to
an educational test.
21Oct09: ‘Garnerings’
Column: During the past 14 years the Hindoo residents in and around
Tintenbar have transmitted to
India over £30,000
through the post office there.
21Oct09: Menace of
Young
India.
First of a series of articles lifted from the London Daily Mail on
India’s British educated youth getting restless. …It was thought
Western Education would …etc… Are we to conclude that our policy of
higher education is a blunder, that we have raised a ghost we cannot lay,
inspired a Frankenstein monster that must devour us, and that we deserve
the ills we have begotten. That at any rate is the opinion of the majority
of the men on the spot. ‘The Indians’, say they, ‘have forgotten what we
saved them from….’ And now we educate them and they are driving us out.
Let us leave tomorrow and what would be the result?
India would….
That we should lose
India by a revolution is impossible. In organisation, in resources, in
unity of purpose, and dogged courage we are superior to any race that
inhabits India. We can hold her down…. …… ‘What’ one might exclaim. ‘Two
hundred million people’! Yes. Two hundred million people – the majority of
whom are ciphers.
The Indian students
were achieving exam results on a par with, if not better than, their
English classmates but Because of the qualities of his race – courage,
determination, resource – qualities the competitive system does not
adjudicate on, the Briton makes a good ruler. All races of
India do not possess
these qualities…
Educated Indians were
getting agitated by the irritating attitude of superiority assumed by
many Englishmen in their dealings with Indians; the treatment of Indians
in South Africa and elsewhere in our colonies; the closer knowledge of
English life gained by young Indians in their frequent visits to this
country, and the vast gulf the Indian thinks he sees between the
principles of Christianity and the practical working of that religion at
home and abroad.
There were 700
students in England, half in London, the vast majority of whom return
to India
with no love of Britain in their hearts.
…Homeless and friendless on arrival in
Britain,
in despair he falls back upon the companionship of a few of his
countrymen. And when two or three Indians are gathered together there is
nothing to talk about outside their studies but politics….. This is how
mischief begins. He supported the Morley Scheme whereby the
students should be regularly invited by English families to ‘at home’
evenings on Sundays. Will any public-spirited Englishmen come forward
to inaugurate this scheme? Similar to ‘adopt a New Australian’ scheme
in 1950s.
18Nov1909: Gatherings:
It is estimated that there are 31,000 Asiatics in
Australia.
13Jan1910:
Complaints have been made by Anglo-Indian immigrants as to the methods by
which they were induced to come to
Australia.
27Jan10: Mahomet
Aalam, an Afgan, speaks in Lismore. W.R. Baker elected Chairman of
Norco.
17/21Feb10: Baker Bros
of White Aust Café and Eggins of rival fruit shop in altercation
17Feb1910: Many
Colours.
24Feb10: John Norton,
candidate for the Senate spent 2hrs lecturing at the School of Arts. White
Australia amongst other stuff.
3Mar1910: Davah
Singh v. Nutta Singh
3Mar10: Venour Nathan,
liberal candidate for the Reps, harangued a crowd from the balcony of the
Commercial Hotel. (Mr Burridge asked of the candidate was he in favour
of Hindoos getting land. Mr Nathan would do everything in his power to
block it.) All candidates who came to Mullum singled out White
Australia as the main campaign policy issue. Nathan ran large ads simply
saying Vote for Nathan and White Australia with no other election
issues.
10Mar10: Mr Gillies,
labour candidate for Reps addressed ‘a fair attendance’ at the
Oddfellows Hall. He emphasised his earnestness with respect to the
White Australia Policy. ‘Since the passing of the Immigration
Restriction Act no less than 999 Hindoos have landed, and he was sure that
had the Labour Party been in power nothing like this would have happened.
He referred to the fact of there recently being 1579 applicants for land
in this district, there being no less than 12 Hindoos allowed as bona fide
applicants. He dwelt on this injustice to the sons of farmers, hungry for
land, being compelled to compete with the Hindoo for a holding.
17Mar10: Massy Greene
addressed a small crowd at the
School of Arts
with words of support for White
Australia…
17Mar10: N.J. Gillies, (W.N.??)
official Labour Party candidate, placed a half page advert, half devoted
to White Australia. …..I am a consistent ‘White Australian’, though a
cane grower for many years. Neither I, nor any of my people, have ever
employed coloured labour of any description – neither before or since the
Bounty for white grown cane. Can the whole of the other candidates say
this much as far as they are concerned? The Fusion candidate is making a
strong point of the White
Australia question.
Can he be trusted in view of the fact that there are several avowed black
labour advocates in the ranks of the party he represents, and that he is
himself the nominee of a hybrid organisation which is on the authority of
the Prime Minister “The Wreckage of the Old Freetrade – Black – Labour –
Party”……
24Mar10: P. Gardiner,
Labour candidate for the Senate, was asked: We have been told here by
Wade, Norton, and other mighty minds that it is impossible to pass a law
forbidding marriage between Hindoos and other aliens with the white race.
What is your opinion? To which Mr Gardiner replied, Not only is it not
impossible, but is quite simple and has my warmest support. We can pass
any domestic legislation we see fit.
7Apr10: Letter to
Editor: ….but still we have in our midst persons who would not
discriminate between White
Australia and any
other colour…..
30288 voters in
Richmond electorate. 1260 Mullum sub div, 1359 Byron. Only 622 voted
Mullum and Billinudgel. Labour romped home Aust wide and won all Senate
seats, but Liberal candidate Massy Greene won easily in Richmond (37%
primary). Mullum 48%.
10Mar10: Emily
and Nettah Singh have visitors at Mullum home. Married 4mths.
Nettah assaulted by Davah Singh. Choohar Singh a witness.
Delal Singh also present.
21Apr10: Lall Singh
verses Enderah – claim for £10 for horse sale.
21Apr10: Isher
Singh court case.
12May1910:
Patriotic Australian: The Rev D.A. Evans, an Australian speaking
recently in America – “I represent Australia, the land of almost perpetual
sunshine, the land of gold and silver, of wheat and wool, of flowers and
fruit; the land where four and a half millions of people occupy a
territory as large as that of the United States; the land from which
coloured races and Asiatics are excluded, …… I represent what may be
called God’s own country.
12May10: It is
alleged that representatives of 30 Richmond River Hindoos are camped on
the Blue Knob (Tweed District) blocks that are shortly to be opened for
settlement…
19May10: For the
three blocks of land thrown open at Billinudgel there were 103
applications, amongst them being a number of Hindoos, which excited
disapproval…,
2Jun10: On Friday
evening Mr John Storey MLA for Balmain, addressed a meeting from the
balcony of Rodgers Commercial Hotel and received a good hearing…. The
mayor introduced Mr Storey…. He was here to show that the Labour
Party was not so black as it was painted…… He was sorry the audience was
not a bigger one.
2Jun10: Brieflets:
We understand that Mr W.R. Baker…. will contest the
Richmond seat at the
forthcoming State elections.
Garnerings:
In Lismore it seems that a competition is on between the Hindoos and
Mohommedans as to which lot can give the most money to the hospital. It is
a good kind of competition and should be encouraged.
16Jun10: The RR
Times writes: Mr W.R. Baker, of Mullumbimby (Chairman of
Byron Bay Creamery),
will oppose Mr Perry as a ‘Liberal’, but not as a follower of the Wade
Government.
10Jul10: Letter by
Minister for Lands … It will be remembered that some time last year one
of the land boards on the Northern Rivers allowed a Hindoo to go to the
ballot with some 90 white applicants, the Hindoo, as it happened, drawing
the lucky marble…. The Hindoos rights may be summed up in two sentences.
He is entitled to acquire a holding under the Crown Lands Act, but he is
not entitled to elbow out a better settler. … his habits and standards of
living and of morals differ from those of the white population amongst
whom he proposes to reside…
14Jul10: Braham
Singh remanded for 7 days on a charge of embezzlement as a joint
owner. Before the Dane P. Nelson JP.
21Jul10: 8 blocks
Tyalgum, Gooninbar and Chillingham. 138 applicants. No Hindoos won
After
hearing the evidence of Nehal Singh and Gooinda
(partners of Braham Singh in a grass seed transaction) the Police
Magistrate dismissed the charge.
4Aug10: No Liberals
turned up for debate ‘Labour v. Liberalism’. Dava Singh
v. Isher Singh. Andrew Wishart v. Isher Singh. Isher Singh v.
Lall Singh.
18Aug10: Nubby Bus
sued Prose Deen. Nubby Bus sued Emily Deen separately.
25Aug10: Mrs Bethel, a
wheel in the Labour hierarchy, drums up business. The local branch of
the Political Labour League are making an effort to improve on the labour
vote at the state elections; Mrs Bethel having been engaged to spend a
week in the town and district….. On Saturday evening a large crowd
listened to her when she spoke from the Court House Hotel verandah, the
mayor presiding…. She had found that women had as much brains as men…. On
land reform Mrs
Bethel held that
Australians should be satisfied first and then let others come in after
that. The speaker instanced the case of the rush for the Boat Harbour
ballot when the Land Board had to telegraph for more marbles, there being
so many applicants…… The Hindoo was not a desirable settler as he would be
of no use for defence purposes.
25Aug10: Land Ballot:
626 applicants for Gooningbar blocks. 95 apps thrown out, including all by
Hindoos.
22Sep10: Mr W. N.
Gilles addressed a crowd of 300 from the Court House Hotel verandah. He
….. proposed to only touch on a few subjects, and he dealt firstly with
the land question from a local aspect. He said that over a year ago a
number of blocks of land had been made available for settlement on the
Tweed with
the result that the principal block went to a Hindoo applicant. A great
protest was made in the process, and at public meetings, and petitions
were sent in to the Department objecting to the land going to aliens when
so many white Australians wanted it. He took a hand in the agitation and
wrote to the press pointing out the Hindoo was just as objectionable as a
competitor in a land ballot as he was as a wage earner.
Nothing immediately transpired as a result of the agitation. The Federal
elections then came along and he referred to it at 60 meetings he
addressed from the Tableland to the coast. Premier Wade on a visit to
the river when asked about it, said he could do nothing and it was a
matter for the Land Board. Yet now without any alteration to the law
since the 13th April, Mr Wade has excluded Hindoos from the Ballot.
Only recently 326
applicants applied for some further blocks on the Tweed, and 20 Hindoo
applicants were debarred. He (W. Gillies) was proud of the action he took
in the matter and the result, which was a victory for the Labour Party.
…..It has been said
that the Labour Party had advocated that all should share and share alike.
This was one of the bogies laid against them, and he could not see any
reason why the Labour Party should be classed as revolutionary socialists.
22Sep10:
Twenty women form the Mullumbimby Ladies' Liberal League. Mrs
Albert Baker appointed canvasser for Billinudgel.
(Albert Baker was a
foundation member of the Mullum branch of the Liberal and Reform
League)
22Oct10: While labour
won the election, the Hon John Perry, aka ‘Honest John’, easily held the
seat of Richmond (was Ballina 1894-1901 and became Byron 1913) for the Liberals for his 23rd year. His major
campaigner in Mullum was Albert Baker. Electors Mullum 580, Billinudgel
162, Bruns 38, Durrumble 101, Coorabell 62, Crabbes Crk 38, Ewingsdale 63,
Byron Bay 402, Bangalow 451.
The election of 1913
saw labour win again State wide but Perry was easily returned by Mullum, but firmly
rejected by the Murbah sub division.
1Dec10: Police v.
Ibraham and Enderah. Assault of Emily Deen.
19Jan11: Ibraham v.
Emily Deen. Witnesses Elizabeth Deen, William Boakh Lilly, Mrs Deen
and Prose Deen.
19Jan11: Enderah v.
Nubby Bux.
19Jan/2Feb11: Mullum
Council Elections. 10 candidates for 6 seats. Albert Baker got lowest
vote. Davidson highest. 113 people voted
9Feb11: Ibraham and
Enderah v. Emily Deen
9/16 Feb1911:
Sunda Bhagat hit by train at Myocum and died. Had been in Aust
12 years and worked at Bingarra and Bundaberg. Had £33 in pocket. Was
preparing to return to India. Cremated Lismore. There was a good number
of people present at the ceremony. Bones cast into Richmond River just
below council sale yards. Teeth sent to India to be cast into Ganges.
Larger article Northern Star.
30Mar11: Brieflets:
During the hearing of a case in Melbourne it was stated that one of the
female witnesses, a young woman, had been sold to a Hindoo when she was
only 14 years old, and was married to him subsequently at a registry
office in Melbourne. Lately she was sold to another Hindoo by whom she has
had 2 children.
25May11:
Australia
must take less interest in cricket…
27Apr11 and
1Jun11: Nutta Singh member of Mullumbimby Creek Debating Club.
21Sep11: Lal Singh
assaulted Joa Singh… at an old farm house at Tyagarah where
Hindoos camp… One Building occupied by Isher Singh… another by
Joa and two males…. Lal Singh’s building…Davah Singh from the
other house…. + Boota
28Sep11: 1332
applications for 11 blocks, Whian Whian… 400 rejected. At the
conclusion of the ballot the chairman was asked if the Board would assign
any reason for rejection of applications of Hindoos…. They would
assign no reason beyond stating that they admitted to the ballot those
whom they considered…. 47 applications from Mullum distict.
9Nov11: Lal Singh v. Isher Singh. Attah Singh witness.
16Nov11: Letter re
1910 election. Hollingworth v. Hindmarsh MLA
11Dec11: Jack
Enderah v. Isher Singh.
25Jul12: Of 20
people waiting outside Lismore Police Court one day last week, 14 were
Hindoos. These gentlemen evidently are keen in this direction.
8Aug12: Bram Singh
sues J. F. Devine.
19Dec12: Junda
Singh drunk and disorderly.
13Jan13: Lal Singh’s
paddock about 3 or 4 miles from Mullum on road to Bangalow.. George Singh
living/working there. (George = aka Yeo?)
22May13: Jundah
Singh charged with being of unsound mind and sentenced to The
Hospital for the Insane at Gladesville.
29May13: Nutta
Singh on 3yd handicap Empire Day Birthday Race + Georgie Ah Yet on
20yds, J. Karkagis on 20yds, ‘Scarabalotti’ on 8yds.
26Jun13: George
Cameron, previously foreman printer of Tweed Herald, takes over Mullum
Star. (Cameron had worked with fellow Scotsman Mackinnon at Mullum before
moving to Murbah. They both arrived Aust after time in South Africa -
sometime after W.R. Baker’s service in the Boer War.)
3Jul13: Mullah
v. Isher Singh.
24Jul13: Albert Baker
forms Liberal Party Branch Bruns.
7Aug13: ‘A
long-haired and be-whiskered person held forth on Saturday night in
Burringbar
St. There was no interruption in the traffic owing to the crowd.”
??
15Jan14: G. Singh
fined for offensive behaviour.
23Apr14: Hindoos in
School: … It appears that for some reason or other the School
(at Broken Head) was closed some time ago, and no person being in
charge the Hindoos are making a boarding house of it….
14May14: ‘Two
Hindoo cases were settled out of court, and the estate of the late Allen
Cameron obtained a verdict of £13/14/11 and 4/- costs against Lal Singh.’
Cameron was a storekeeper who died in town in late 1913. The estate sued
many for outstanding accounts.
21/28May14: Long case.
P. J. Roby of Coopers Creek employed The Hindoo Mullah to clear 75
acres at a rate of 9/6 per acre – and sign a contract he couldn’t read.
Mullah, with on and off help from a couple of mates, hacked away at it
for nearly 6 weeks before he gave the game away and was offered £14/18/8
by Roby. He then had to sue Roby for the balance he figured he was due,
and in the subsequent court case various witnesses, one of whom was the
Finn Jacky Back, said the work was worth between 15/- and 23/- per acre.
The magistrate awarded Mullah an extra £2/5/-.
21May14: The Police
Court was much perturbed at its last hearing. Great difficulty was
experienced in understanding, and making understood, a Hindoo (or Sikh, or
Pathan, or some other kind of heathen). When the case for the plaintiff
was finished at 12.45 everyone’s nerves seemed to have a ragged edge, and
when Mr Moriaty, the solicitor for the defendant, wanted to put a witness
in the box Mr Furlonger pleaded he was not feeling too well. The P.M. said
he did not feel well either, and adjourned the court till after lunch.
…The Hindoo said he
would swear on water, and a glass of aqua pura was put before him. He
mumbled something (it may have been an oath or it may have been an
imprecation) over the water, but the P.M. was not satisfied till the
witness had ‘wet his whistle’. The climax was reached however, when
another witness asked if he would be allowed to swear on his own Bible. No
exception was taken till it was found out that the book in question was in
French……
This was the Finn Jacky Back.
13Jun14: Gundoo
v. J. C. Law.
18Jun14: ‘A Mad
Hindoo’: A most exciting incident took place in Bangalow…… A Hindoo
named Esau ran amok, and ….. divested himself of his clothes. He next
proceeded to the sawmill where he sat on the boiler, and the smell of
grilled Hindoo permeated the air. Being shooed off the boiler he made for
the main street and indulged in some stone throwing at all and everyone he
saw……No reports have since been furnished as to his powers of sitting
down. (The Tweed Daily identified Esau as a black brother from
Bombay.)
16Jul14: ‘Star’
newspaper started Tweed Heads – Stewart St
30Jul14: ‘Goorum
Singh (no need to mention nationality) pleaded guilty to being drunk
and disorderly at Billinudgel….’
3Sep14: Nutta Singh
donates to Red Cross Fund.
1Oct14: Hinda Singh
donates.
19Nov14: Lal Singh's farm Tyagarah - sale of all goods and
chattels to appease plaintiff Isher Singh.
31Dec14: Cut and paste
article titled ‘The Hindu Wife’.
11Feb15: Botta
Singh v. George Singh
18Feb15: ‘….a
couple of Hindoos were in full lime light’. Boota Singh v. Gundoo
Singh. Bujeel Singh and Ram Ditta also kept the
court busy for a while.
22Apr15: Boota Singh
v. Joa Singh.
20May15: Abdullah
Skype of Bangalow… the gentleman in question, who is a storekeeper
in Lismore, is not a Hindoo and we are, therefore, pleased to make the
correction – May this paper ask what he is? (adds Star)
10Jun15: Isher
Singh acquires lease from Harry Atwell but stops making progress
payments? Seems Atwell never had a proper contract or proper transfer?
10Jun15: Isher,
Indur, Bramah and Lal Singh plead not guilty of behaving in a
riotous manner.
22Jul15: One of the
horse events at Australia day celebrations was called The Hindoo Hunt.
2Sep15: Argen
sued Joa Singh (better known as George) for wages. Dismissed.
When a Hindoo case is on at the court it is not a reporter that is wanted,
but a bally phonograph… On Tuesday the plaintiff’s solicitor asked for an
interpreter, but was refused.
9Sep15: John Schuback/Schubert charged with stealing cattle from Isher (Peter?)
Singh at Tyagarah.
30Sep15: Lal Singh
sells 4 heifers and contributes proceeds of £12/4/- to Returned Wounded
Soldiers Fund.
13Nov15: A
tricky article on a fly plague seamlessly flowed on to a discussion of the
vice of taxing bookmakers and betting tickets, which flowed on to a
discussion of the vice of polygamy (the Mahommedan in the British
Empire can load himself up with seven wives, but if a white man….),
which led on to a discourse on venereal disease and finally allowed a
punchline: It is said that one Hindoo in this district is absolutely
‘rotten’ with it and he is allowed to go into pubs and drink, have food,
have his boots repaired, have free intercourse and mix with many who do
not know that he is so effected. Some innocent person may drink out of an
improperly cleaned glass or cup or be infected from something he touches,
and yet he is allowed to run free with the most loathsome and contagious
disease in this world…….“It is said that” …
25Nov1915: The
following cases on Lismore Quarter Sessions; Sheera Khan assault and
robbery, Belak Singh, assault occasioning actual bodily harm, and an
appeal by Ellan Bishar Singh against his conviction for vagrancy. The
peaceful citizen is the Hindoo – three cases out of eight before the
court. The others weren’t mentioned.
25Nov15: Nutta
Singh, one time a well-known Hindoo in the district, but is now in
India, writes to Mr W. J. Milgate that he is making good use of a stock of
Morrissey’s Snake Bite Antidote he took with him. He cured one boy……..
9Dec1915: Isher
Singh awarded his cattle back.
20Jan16: Lal Singh
and Bramah Singh in court. George (a Hindoo) bore out the
statement of Lal, and Boots, Hirnam (Hindoos) and a white,
Mulvaney, were witnesses for Bramah.
20Jan16 The Hindoo
Character: At a case in the Police Court on Tuesday, the lawyers
were careful to explain to the PM that one of the traits in the character
of the Hindoo litigant was a habit of exaggerating things and adding to or
omitting what really took place to ensure the winning of the case. In the
case in question the evidence of the two batches of witnesses was
absolutely opposite but no notice was taken of that – it was only a trait
in their character. And who helped to make that trait? The Bench by not
ordering that some of them should be prosecuted for perjury. The favourite
way of the litigants to take an oath is by having a mouthful of water. All
that can be said on the matter is that the water was taken at the wrong
time; it should be taken after their evidence to wash away any
taste of ‘the trait in their character’. The lawyers, we presume, look
kindly on the subject as it brings a lot of grist to their mill.
3Feb16: The same
old hard swearing was heard again in a Hindoo case at the Court last week,
and the same old excuse was made. Mr McIntosh added his testimony to the
Hindoo character by saying that the ‘Hindoos do not always stick to the
truth when giving evidence’. All who go into court are all agreed on the
one thing, that nothing is done. Mr McIntosh also admitted that his fee to
appear for defendant was more than the matter in dispute – it’s a good
thing for the lawyers at any rate. Then followers a joke on two canny
Scottish farmers in the hands of lawyers……. The Hindoo however, sticks
to his case and acts the part of the sheep frae Balquidder, and – Good
luck to the Beecern. (Gedit?)
The cases, reported
separately under the headings The Long Sitting and More Hindoos,
involved a dispute over profit sharing from a grass seed transaction.
Bramah told a tale of innocence and peacefulness….. The case went on in
the usual way with Hindoo cases, what one swore as true there was another
to swear the opposite and at the finish was just one big tangle
27Jan16: George
Singh sued Boota Singh. Lal Singh witness for George, and Argen
and Isher for Boota. The case went on in the usual way with Hindoo
cases, what one swore as true there was another to swear the opposite and
at the finish was just one big tangle.
17Feb16: Isher
Singh proceeded against Charles E. Rowen on a charge of removing
furniture from his house in New City Road while indebted to plaintiff the
sum of £4/13/- as rent.
16Mar16: Continuation
of above case. The PM said the evidence of the defence looked like a
trumped-up story but he would give them the benefit of the doubt. Case
dismissed.
17Aug16: Nubby Bux
dies. Nubby Dux (sic), a Hindoo on the
Tweed, came across a
bottle in a hollow log. Bux liked the look of the contents and had a swig.
The bottle contained arsenic and caustic soda, so Bux’s day’s work is
done. Nubby,
an old Hindoo resident, got a more sympathetic obituary in The
Tweed Daily. He was working on Mr Pierce’s property at Piggabeen when he
came across a whisky bottle and was tempted to take a swig, unaware that
it contained a poison concoction mixed by Pierce as a weed killer. (Maybe
connected was Fakir Deen, son of Naby Box, who applied for exemption from
the dictation test and entry to Aust 1926. Nubby could be Nabob Bash, a
Mahometan, who sued D. Wood in the Byron Bay court in mid 1905 for
£5/8/- in wages.)
21Jun17: Gunda
sued Lal Singh for a few bob. Awarded 7½ quid. The case went through
the usual devious ways that Hindoo cases have a habit of doing…
28Jun17: The Hindoo
was only a working ‘man’ but at the Police Court last week he admitted
that he had £226 in the bank. He also said it cost him about 7/- to 9/- to
live a week. (Members of the AIF being paid 6/- per day)
5Jul17: Joh Singh
fined 10/- and 15/- costs. Lal Singh case held over.
23Aug17: Lal Singh
sues George Singh for insulting words.
13Sep17: Play at
School Of Arts. The Beggar of Cownpore. About brave British officer
escaping savage Hindoos.
1Nov17: Small
cottage of Peter the Hindoo, at Tyagrah, partially burnt down.
21Feb18: Isher
Singh sues Ernest Woodford for rent owing on a paddock at his Tyagarah
farm. +Gundoo sues Thomas Reed for wages.
14Mar18: General
comment on Hindoos and Chows swearing oaths. Plus Hindoo assault case
Kyogle.
4Apr18: Our
correspondent at Murwillumbah wired last night as follows:- The supposed
sensation at Uki is only common assault between two Hindoos and is not
serious…..?
30May18: Gundoo
donates to Red Cross day Appeal.
29Aug18 and 3Oct18:
Cross summonses between Lal Singh and J.D. Evans for assault and
‘language’. Lal not fit to attend.
30Jan19: Lal Singh now
of Main Arm
3Apr19: George
Singh, a Hindoo, residing at Tyagarah, summoned Percy Flick for
using threatening words, and James Atkins for insulting words.
15May19: Lal Singh, beef producer Myocum
11Sep19: The banana
industry (at The Pocket) has been thriving for the last few years,
but the latest industry is a market garden, a Hindoo having leased a piece
of ground for that purpose. A market garden is often very handy to have in
the district, but the unfortunate part about this is that he is a Hindoo,
which does not appeal to everyone, and rightly so. What with Hindoos,
Chinamen and black fellows, the coloured race is gaining ground year by
year, and it is going to be a problem for the white race to solve sooner
or later – and I think the sooner the better. …… The Railway Commissioners
passed through Billinudgel last Wednesday and the only people at the
station to meet them were four Chinamen. I suppose they were there to wait
on the Commissioners with a deputation of some kind – probably to get
reduced freights so as to enable them to start a store at Billinudgel,
“What Oh”.
20Nov19: Lal Singh of Main Arm has Paspalum seed for sale.
27June1920: Editor
George Cameron dies. Sometime prior to George’s death the paper was in the
management hands of William Baker, the son of W.R. of the real estate game
and Norco fame, who toned down the reporting to the extent that there were
only a couple of Hindoo references over his two year reign. Nor did Baker
seem to have much sympathy for the banana growers hiding behind the White
Australia policy, but he may have been under the influence of his father
who was making a quid selling land to the Chinese growers.
31Mar21: Article
‘Unlawful Assault’: Resenting an alleged insult from a Hindoo on 17
March, Vincent Joseph McGrath set out to inflict what he considered to be
due punishment in Burringbar Street. Another Hindoo incurred his
displeasure for the same reason, and so effective was his method of
dealing with the alleged offenders that he was asked to appear before Mr
T.H. Cohen PM at the local police court on 24th instant on two
charges of unlawful assault against Davy Deitter and
Gawilah Singh. The PM found the complaints reasonable and
inflicted fines totalling £4, professional costs of £4/4/-, 18s costs to
court and 24s witnesses expenses.
15Dec21: Article
titled A Lismore Sensation – Human Remains Discovered’: Discoveries
which promise to lead to the unravelling of a sensational tragedy……
Remains believed to be those of a Hindoo, Roor Singh, who
mysteriously disappeared last June……. Roor Singh, a well known figure in
the district…last seen…… vicinity of Hanging Rock, Nimbin…... Many Hindoos
near Hanging Rock were interrogated and eventually suspicion fell on two
persons.
2Mar22: Article
‘Sensational Assault’: Mullumbimby has had a surfeit of sensations
within the last two or three weeks. Some of the local youths, no doubt
obsessed with accounts of highway robberies, burglaries, etc., decided
apparently to do a little bushranging on their own account, and from
particulars that can be gathered, went into details. On Saturday last
three young men, it is alleged, got into conversation with a middle aged
Hindoo, Nudhi Khan, who obliged them with a cigarette each. On
leaving town at night for his camp at Morrish’s old sawmill, one of the
men asked him in which direction he was going, and on ascertaining it,
said he intended going that way himself; so they set out together.
When near Mr Rollo’s
residence, a mile and a half from town, they were overtaken by the other
two, who grabbed him, unwound his turban from his head, and used it to
bind his arms at the back and tie his legs together. At the same time his
mouth was securely gagged.
Khan said he was
punched and kicked about the head and body. He was robbed of rings and
valuables to the extent of £60. The young men then decamped, but before
doing so placed Khan still bound and gagged on the road.
The Hindoo got free
from his bonds and returned to Mullumbimby and reported the occurrence.
No arrests have so far
been made.
+ Mullumbimby Chinese Masonic Society
31May23: Lal Singh on scratch for Friendly Societies' Sports Day
Handicap.
8May24: Horse 'Menthol' owned by J. Brahm Singh of Byron Bay wins
2nd race at Mullum Turf Club meet.
8May24: Michael
Coughlan charge of assault on Muddhi Ram.
22May24: Samuel Corcoran insulting words to Muddhi Ram. The
Magistrate, in dismissing the case, said the defendant would be given
the benefit of the doubt, but advised him in future not to use such
language even to a dog.
1Jul26: George Singh protests trespassers on his lease at
Goonengerry.
28Jul27: Stanley Atta Singh comes 2nd in 2nd Class at Mullum
Rural School
10Nov27: Irene Atta Singh passes 'Permit to Enrol' exam to attend
rural School.
29Mar28: Sale of bankrupt estate of market gardener Harry Atta Singh,
includes Ford Lorry, ploughs, horses, waggon....
30Aug28: Lal Singh applies to eject Atta Singh. +
George Singh bankrupt.
23May29: Tarum Singh v. Mudhi Ram. Dispute over bean seed
Mullum
22Aug29: Small Debts Court Lal Singh v. Brahm Singh and
vice versa.
5Dec29: Alex Khan v. Frank Tandy, Anderson's Hill
6Feb30: Maurice Coorey,
hawker of Byron Bay.
3Jul30: Lal Singh v. Tarem Singh.
26Nov31:
Lal
Singh charges Harold Wallace with insulting words and assault.
7Jan32: Peter Isher Singh - dirty dairy Blindmouth.
28Jan32: Tommy Nutta Singh dangerous driving
25Feb32: Lal Singh appointed Patron of the Main Arm Football
Club.
27Oct32: Lal Singh attempts to evict tenant John Gallen after
lease expired.
13Jul33: Estate of Peter Isher Singh, late of Blindmouth, Main
Arm.
24Aug33: Muddy Ram sues Harry Everitt for £72 for day labour
28Sep33: William L. Mills, employee on Lal Singh's Main Arm farm.
3May34: J. Nutta Singh, a well-known identity of the district,
sustained severe injuries to his arms... in a truck accident at
Brunswick Heads.
8Nov34: Auction of properties of late Isher Singh. 2 houses in
New City Road, Mullum, and 2 properties totalling 100 acres at Main Arm.
10Jan35: Cremation of Beer Singh Murbah.
24Apr35: William Laurie Mills behind on rent and lease money of one of
two of Lal Singh's Main Arm banana plantations. Leased
since Dec32
+Jimmy Williams, 'an aged Cingalese', and Catholic, property owner of
New Brighton, claims to own all of New Brighton.
6Nov35: Lal Singh takes Mills to court to recover rent.
5Feb36: Lal Singh alleged indecent assault. Set up? + Jenal
Singh ill-treating father's horse.
24Apr36: Lal Singh, aged 64, not guilty.
6Oct36: Lal Singh, dirty banana plantation.
1Dec36: Jimmy Brahm Singh, travelling greengrocer.
4Dec36: Dayal Singh of Lismore completes additions to Billinudgel
School.
8Dec36: Jenal Singh, aged 19 of Montecollum.
3Feb37: Tommy
Kirram Singh dangerous driving charge.
5Feb1937: Jenal
Singh, aka Tommy Jenal Singh, age 19, of Montecollum. Father
mentioned + Basunta Singh of Rous Mill.
5Mar37: Baghwan
Singh of Coorabel Creek fined for planting bananas without permission.
5Mar37: Lal Singh
of Main Arm took Edwin and Raymond Neely to court to recover loan of £16.
30Jun39: Dal Singh of Lismore wins contract for new pipe line Mullum
Hydro-Electric scheme.
1Oct40: Lal Singh,
farmer of Round Mountain Murbah, cannot read or write. Ripped off by
employee William Watts who filled out cheque for his signature. Case heard
Murbah 17Oct40.
10Dec1940: Atta
Singh, bantam weight boxer Lismore.
8Apr41: Atta Singh retains bantamweight title Byron Bay.
26Aug41: Big story on
theft from Lal Singh’s property Main Arm. House rented while Lal at Round
Mountain, Murbah.
16Sep46: Tweed Daily.
Big bushfire takes half of Lal Singh’s property Round Mountain.
1Dec50: Field day at Lal Singh's Property Main Arm. 100 farmers
from all parts north coast. Opened By Pres Armstrong of Byron Shire.
30Mar1951: Braham
Singh, banana grower 5miles from Bangalow shot by intruder. 63yrs old.
13Jul51: Lal Singh
was probably the first ‘alien’ into the Palmwoods area. Left his farm to
the Tweed District Hospital and the Sikh Church at The Punjab. 230 acre
property sold for £650 at auction to neighbour W. Mills
17Jul51: Mills advise that Singh's land had in fact been deeded to the
hospital 12yrs ago. Trustees of his estate S.Singh and Brahm Singh
both dead.
14Aug51 and 28Aug51:
Tommy Nutta Singh six room farmhouse McLeods Shoot plus contents
destroyed by fire. Plus £150 stolen. Son Thomas Byron Nutta Singh.
Arson by 72yr old Ashley Hawthorne ‘to get quits with Nutta Singh’.
Son Tommy had arranged with Hawthorne to live in house if he did some
handyman work. Hawthorne was asked to leave after he called son a ‘black
fella’.
12Oct51: 80yr old
Braham Singh of Ewingsdale charged with creating a public nuisance.
Shot himself accidentally – suffering a persecution complex – always
thought people were after him.
22Jul52: Aged
Hindoo James Braham Singh 73, well known identity found
dead in hut Byron Bay. Previously of McLeod’s Shoot. Cut his own throat.
Been in district more than 40yrs
1Aug52: Tommy Nutta Singh to build £1000 home McLeod's Shoot.
24Apr53: Jack
Dhnaram of Montecollum fined. No motor cycle licence.
24Nov53: Vishnu Deo
Singh, native of Ceylon, scholar Fiji, prohibited immigrant (Because
he failed dictation test in Estonian).
15Jan54: Gahalom
Khan of Huonbrook fire out of control. Long term resident of Huonbrook.
H. Khan at Huonbrook at least 1930.
22Jan54: S. Singh of Montecollum Road
18May54: Indian
wedding in Methodist Church. Ject Singh, son of Mr and Mrs J
Singh of Caniaba married Gertrude Esau of Goonengerry.
17Sep54: Manga
Singh of Bangalow. Truck smash
26Nov54: Jack Culen
Dhnaram, ‘a Hindoo’, accused of stealing bananas
24 Dec54: Dhuaram +
mate charged taking bananas from abandoned patch of Italian Vince Mialo of
Blindmouth
17Jan56 and 23Jul 57: Manga Singh of Bangalow
6Mar56 and 5Mar 57?: Sylvia Singh prefect Mullum High
18Jun57: Dayal Singh shows movie of his world tour to Bangalow United
Protestant Association.
21Jun57: Satnam Singh banana grower of Montecollum + Ajema Singh
+ Gurman Singh
27Sep57: Will of Braham Singh, aka Jimmy/James Braham Singh and
Breaham Singh, labourer, late of Byron Bay.
25Jul58: Ram Kischen of Main Arm, small crop grower.
8Jan60: Bikar Singh and family of Mullum return from 12mth
overseas holiday.
26Feb60: E. Singh in High School Juniors cricket team with H.
Alidenes and C. Bongiorno. Deceased Gawallah/Joalla Singh owes
rates on Pacific Highway frontage property Tyagarah.
31May60: Satman Singh naturalized
16Sep60: Dayal Singh wins contract for St Helena to Byron Bay
pipeline.
30Sep60: Mrs Bikar Singh returns with son Gregory to Brunswick
Heads after 2yrs India.
17Jan61: Rattan Singh of Dunbible fined.
21Jan64: Fire destroys Nutta Singh's house St Helena.
Top of Page
Miscellaneous References:
History of Tyalgum and
District,
published 1981 by Editors and Compilers: Barry
Lofts, Geoff
Peterkin, and Norman Smith.
Features
Tragedy Holmes (pg 23), Ramat Alli (pgs 24 and 39) and Salig
Ram (pg 70)
Time & Tide – A History of
Byron Bay by
Maurice
Ryan, published 1984 by Northern Star Ltd,
Lists
John
(possibly
aka Gorditto) and James Singh, Ram Singh, Galab Singh, Goorditta,
Baboo, Budjah, Delep Singh (possibly aka Galab Singh), Lalgree,
Esir Singh, Boota Singh, Nutta Singh, Dava Singh, Bisham Singh, Glerma
Goorditta, Narm Singh, Sunda Singh, Nuthu, Munda, Kaloo Kissen Singh,
Jackta, Dood Singh and Pola Singh, as working at Wareham’s farm
‘Koreelah’ at one time or another in the early years.
PO Directory: E & N
Singh, Indian herbalists Casino 1912.
Pioneers of the
Brunswick – Andersons: Gunyah Singh arrived in the early 1920s
leaving a wife and family in the Punjab. He was a market gardener on land
rented from the Anderson’s property behind Uncle Tom’s. Lived in a
galvanised iron shed with dirt floor and had a small patch for growing
vegies which he hawked with horse and cart. Visited by son Curram Singh
at some stage but he allegedly returned to India. Gunyah also allegedly
returned to India where he died. Mrs Anderson was nee Tandy. Two
orphaned cousins, William John and Arthur Elton Tandy, were raised on the
farm and probably connected to Frank Tandy, the WW2 bane of the Greek and
Italian banana growers, who lived Anderson’s Hill.
Italian History
Lismore: Atta Singh owned the house at 19Bridge St North Lismore
which became Venezzia House in 1926 when bought by the Italians for a
boarding house.
Mullum Cemetery:
Mehendor Esau, b. 1930 Belga, India, d. 1974 Mullum
Gulam Khan
d. 6Aug60 (Ghulam, son of Munchee, bought ~30 acres at Huonbrook ~1941
along with brother Bob. He looked after Bob's property while Bob served
WW2. Ghulam married Ina Bell, the school teacher at Huonbrook, in 1944.)
Delph Singh
Had a farm at
Mullumbimby Creek and was also the original selector of two thirds of the
land in town opposite the swimming pool, bounded by Saltwater Creek and
Acacia, Myocum and Dalley Streets. Recorded as an ‘Indian Doctor’ and
seems to have been a man of means, with a practice in Sydney amongst other
business interests. Daughter Ruby, born in Grafton in 1900, probably has
the distinction of being the first (official) Northern Rivers born child
of Indian parentage. His daughter Pearl, born in Mullum in 1902, takes
third place after Dayal Singh Junior’s birth in Lismore in 1901.
Delph and his wife
Edith arrived in Mullum in 1901, leaving his Sydney interests in the hands
of his private secretary, Basil Simonsen. But it seems he divided his time
between regular commuting back to Sydney, practicing his witchcraft in
Mullum and breeding horses at Mullum Creek. Sometime in these first few
years he also acquired a cattle property 15 miles out of Murbah on
Bilamble Creek and a farm somewhere along the Richmond River.
In late 1904 he leased
his house and paddocks in Mullum to Dr Kesteven and relocated to Byron
Bay. It’s remotely possible he was in practice with Kesteven but there was
a huge ‘Hindoo’ presence in the district at this time and no doubt his
countrymen made up the bulk of his patients. He later had a falling out
with Kesteven over rent.
Delph left the Bay in early 1905 and relocated his Northern Rivers base to
Murbah, but once again went walkabout sometime after the birth of his
daughter Dorothy, eventually setting up a practice in Cooma where the
locals gave him a hard time over the legitimacy of his medical
qualifications despite his proof of credentials. He returned to Murbah in
early 1906 but a few months later went south again, this time to the Bega
District. In all this wandering his farms at Mullum and Murbah were in the
hands of managers Willie Young and a bloke called Turner respectively.
Willie Young could be the Chinese doctor based at Byron Bay. The Richmond
River farm was leased to Mr. J. Jaggers of Bega in early 1907, but its
management circumstances in the meantime are uncertain.
In 1911 he is identified with a practice at 110 George St, Sydney.
In early 1907 there
seems to have been some pressure put on him, in absentia, to sell
out of the Mullum town blocks, or at least the one with the house, to Dr
Kesteven, who allegedly named the place ‘Philadelphia’. The fate of his
farms is a mystery.
By 1906 Delph was
scrubbed from the Richmond electoral roll, but he was back in town in late
1908 when he was up on a charge of ‘riotous behaviour’ before none other
than Dr Kesteven JP, who wasn’t about to stand aside over any perceived
bias and forgo the pleasure of fining him 40/- plus costs.
National Archives:
Docs for many Singhs/Khans/....
Gulahb Singh, Goodetto
and Ram
Singh references from Wareham and Kennedy of Tyagarah.
Gulahb 8yrs Aust
worked for Wareham for 4yrs and for Kennedy 2yrs. Returned Punjab Jun1905.
Photo and Voting form.
Letter writer Wali
Mahomed Shar of Karuana Via Banga District, Jullundhar. Seeking
permission for three to come back Aust Sep1911 (earlier Wyrallah)
Yarra Singh of
Bellingen, b. 1880 Ulunda district, Punjab. 8yrs Aust and 6yrs Clarence
district wef Jan06
Boota Singh
not allowed to vote Qld 1909. D.H. Romanic, General Secretary of the
Australian Cingalese and British India Reform Assoc, Dallarnil, via
Degilbo, Qld. Wide bay district.
Tedoris Sarmiul
Williams b.
1899 Boyd’s Bay, Tweed Heads. Father Crea Singh, aka James Williams.
Enlisted WW1 and served France.
Abadan Khan
worked Richmond and Tweed 1897-1902/04 until returning India. Wished to
come back 1910 and letter written by Wali Mahomed Shar of Karuana Via
Banga District, Jullundhar. Worked for Duffy at Bilamble, Tweed, and
O’keefe, Duranbah, Tumbulgum.
Bernard Kahn,
b. 1878 Tauroggen, Kovno, Russia, landed from South Africa 1907 and became
a storekeeper, Chatesworth Island, Clarence River.
1901 Census Lismore
and Surrounds
|
Location |
Householder |
House No |
Total Residents |
Remarks |
|
Fisch 1081 |
|
|
|
|
|
Magellan Lane |
D. Singh |
178 |
2m, 2f |
|
|
Woodlark St |
A. Khan |
265 |
1m |
|
|
Bridge St |
Ah Joe |
130 |
1m |
Chinese |
|
Barrows Lane
|
Bing Yee |
175 |
1m |
|
|
Terrania St |
Foon Young |
178 |
2m, 2f |
|
|
“ |
On Lee |
179 |
1m |
|
|
“ |
D. Hogan |
219 |
3m, 4f |
Syrian |
|
“ |
Hab Bolos |
220 |
3m, 2f |
Syrian |
|
“ |
Martin Kolnosky |
187 |
3m |
Syrian |
|
Pine St |
Joseph Bracks |
188 |
1m, 1f |
Syrian |
|
Dibb St |
Ah See Tirunny |
268 |
1m |
|
|
“ |
Peh Hung |
273 |
1m |
|
|
“ |
Sam Mi Yunn |
274 |
1m |
|
|
Cemetery Hill |
Aboriginal Camp |
332 |
2m, 9f |
|
|
“ |
“ |
333 |
3m, 2f |
|
|
“ |
“ |
334 |
4m, 1f |
|
|
Gundurimba Rd |
Ah See |
336 |
1m |
|
|
Ostrium St |
Ah Hy |
337 |
1m |
|
|
Fisch 1082 |
|
|
|
|
|
South Gundurimba |
Calico Singh |
103 |
3males |
|
|
“ |
Chour Singh |
107 |
2m |
|
|
Wyrallah |
Atta Mahomet Shar |
7 |
11m |
|
|
East Gundurimba |
Button Singh |
28 |
1m |
|
|
“ |
Kapoor Singh |
32 |
2m |
Hindoo Camp |
|
Wyrallah |
Amir Khan |
55 |
6m |
|
|
East Gundurimba |
Hsham Khan |
70 |
11m |
|
|
“ |
Majub Khan |
71 |
2m |
|
|
“ |
George Boota |
72 |
1m |
|
|
Beaw Tree Ridge |
Hindoos Camp |
85 |
0 |
Now uninhabited.
Camp removed before census night |
|
Rous Mill |
Ram Singh |
98 |
2m |
|
|
“ |
George E. Croften |
157 |
3m, 3f |
Includes 1
aborigine |
|
Meersham Vale |
Sundah Singh |
253 |
2m |
|
|
Tuckombil District |
|
|
|
Total 4m Chinese,
4m and 5f Aborigines |
|
Lumleys Flat |
Tha Ah Scong |
1 |
1m |
|
|
Pimlico |
Timmy Ah war |
48 |
1m |
|
|
“ |
Harry Ah Sang |
49 |
2m |
|
|
Rouse |
Indians |
216 |
5m |
|
|
Alstonville |
Indians |
217 |
1m |
|
|
“ |
Indians |
218 |
2m |
|
|
“ |
Indians |
219 |
2m |
|
|
“ |
Indians |
220 |
1m |
|
|
“ |
Indians |
221 |
2m |
|
|
Tucki |
Ruu Singh |
72 |
2m |
|
|
“ |
Hebeu |
102 |
4m |
|
|
“ |
Mahunghroon |
114 |
4m, 1f |
|
|
“ |
Phalby Rhan |
117 |
4m, 4f |
|
|
“ |
Bayal Singh |
118 |
2m, 1f |
|
|
“ |
Bodilla Khan |
119 |
11m |
|
|
“ |
Sutton Rham |
120 |
3m |
|
|
“ |
Roder |
143 |
2m |
|
|
Broadwater |
Geo Ah Sing |
89 |
1m |
|
|
Rileys Hill |
Chas Ah Ching |
188 |
1m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Top
of Page
Singh
Births/Deaths/Marriages
76 Singh deaths NSW
1889-1918. 14 Richmond District.
224 Singh deaths NSW
1919-1945. 40 Richmond District.
86 Khan births NSW
1889-1918. Nil Lismore and district
74 Khan Deaths NSW
1889-1918. 8 Richmond District
50 Khan Marriages NSW
1889-1918. Nil Richmond
143 Khan Deaths NSW
1919-45. 31 Richmond
60 Khan Marriages
1919-45. 9 Richmond
William Reilly Death
Records:
Singh
Ratan aged 26, Sheroo
75, Goodh, Pugwan 70, Divan 69, Ravi 68, Gladys Cecelia Atta 18, Huditz
60, Joan Fay Atta 4mths, Brahm 86, Labh 85, Duleep 80, Esau 60, Shear 70,
Diyal 73, Jowar 68, Teija 85
Kahn
Munshee 68, Kecber 70,
Nepi 70, Nabab 71, Junja 65, Gommon 76, Mea 70, Nutto 70, Foija 70,
Antallah 80, Ramma 65, Geba 82, Samuel 34, Shajourall 81
Galana Rasool 70,
Budda Deen 84, Khair Deen 80, Karen Deen 70, Gundo Gundro 70
|
Lismore District:
Sham Singh d.
1897. Father Moore Jut
Khushel Singh d.
1898. Son of Sahib and Zindan
Punjab Singh d.
1898.
Nana Singh d.
1898. Son of Luggy and Rupal
Nahal Singh d.
1903. Age 50
Rham Singh d.
1904. Son of Johar and Neranie
Haram Singh d.
1912. Age 30
Hajarah Singh d.
1917 Age 60. Son of Indur
Shai Singh d. 1919
Age 45. Son of Harrie.
Khalsal Singh d.
1921. Son of Nur and Nundoo.
Esau Singh d.
1921. Son of Sham
Dava Singh d.
1923. Son of Kurah and Turoo
Dwan Singh d. 1936
Age 69.
Gladys Cecilia
Atta Singh d. 1936. Dau of Atta and Bridget Elizabeth.
Ratan Singh d.
1936. Son of Harnan and Mahon
Ram Singh d.1937
Son of Chatra and Narnam
Sheros Singh d.
1937 Son of Nayhalla
Gordat Singh d.
1938. Son of Juai
Pugwan Singh d.
1938 Son of Jodar and Mana
Herdat Singh d.
1939 Son of Jeva
Joan Fay Atta
Singh d. 1942 Dau of Harold Henry Atta and Ruth Alice.
Duleep Singh d.
1943 Son of Jober and Premay
Boogan Singh d.
1943 Age 86.
Labal Singh d.
1943. Son of Jamat and Kano
Sheer Singh d.
1944. Age 70
Tedja Singh d.
1945 Age 85. Fruit Carter
Harnam Singh m.
Ellen Wilson 1917 Lismore.
Dayal Singh m.
Ethel A. Vidler 1924
Diyal Singh m.
Dorothy P. Tory 1929
Harnam Singh m.
Annie Chandica 1931
Rally Atta Singh
m. John R.A. Morschel 1934
Harold Henry Atta
Singh m. Ruth Alice White 1942
Agnes Elizabeth
Atta Singh m. Fredrik Alfred White 1945
Dayal Singh b.
1901 Lismore. Son of Dayal and Partapoo
Unknown Khan d.
1896 Lismore
Freadzdene Khan d.
1902 Lismore. Father Kasa
Mamoon Nutta Khan
d. 1912 Lismore aged 25. Father Nutta.
Nawob Khan d. 1916
Lismore aged 50.
Mudgee Khan d.
1919 Lismore son of Brham Khan and Bagum Noor.
Indian Nabob Khan
d. 1925 aged 68 son of Jaffer K. and Yerobe/Yaxohee.
Afghan Wazzer Khan
d. 1932 aged 60 Gundurimba.
Afghan Mardu Khan
d. 1937 aged 60 Gundurimba.
Goss Khan d. 1937.
Mother Bono
Negi Khan d. 1937.
Mother Bono
Keiber Khan d.
1937 aged 70
Junga Khan d. 1941
son of Critun and Homberbee
Nabob Khan d. 1941
aged 71
Rameth Khan d.
1942 son of Sundiel and Pharee
Gulam/Gumma Khan
d. 1943. Father Rudu.
Munshee Khan d.
1943 son of Mundho and Babee
Folga/Foiga Khan
d. 1944 aged 69
Nutha/Nutto Khan
d. 1944 aged 70
Samuel Edward Khan
d. 1944 son of Cammis and Lena
Shajowall Khan d.
1945 son of Zabdah
Mary Kahn d. 1908 dau of John and Ellen
Afghnan Ram Chand
d. 1932 aged 56
Afghnan Gunga Ram
d. 1933 aged 50
Violet Khan m. Nazam Deen 1927
Junga Khan m.
Florence K. Tally 1929
Ethel May Khan m.
Abdul Islam 1943
|
Ballina District:
Herman Singh d.
1899. Son of Sachet and Bholi
Putta Singh d.
1899. Son of Ackhar
Imona Singh d.
1916. Age 60. Father Monna.
Chunda Singh d.
1926. Age 61
Summer Singh d.
1926. Age 66.
Foram Singh d.
1932. Son of Hira and Rag Lar
Chinese Maya Singh
d. 1935. Age 70
Mutta Singh d.
1939 Still born. Parents Thomas and Enie.
Kishen Singh d.
1936 Age 75 Mother Terania (?)
Bella Singh d.
1944. Parents Sabir and Grabda.
George B. Singh m.
Kate Singh 1918
Byron Bay District
Bagit Singh d.
1926. Son of Narain and Kush Sali
Thomas Nutta Singh
m. Enie Nundah 1929.
Darby Khan m.
Grace Christina Arbie 1941
Chulam Heather
Khan m. Ima Alison Bell 1944.
Casino District
Esur Singh d.
1919. Son of Gordat and Daa Kar
Neha Singh d.
1928. Age 60
Marcia Singh m.
Graham Nobbie Mahomed 1942
Afghan Wazzer Khan
d. 1930
Sarah May Khan d.
1937 dau of Lubbo and Jane Malinda
Bebenora Khan d.
1939 son of Junga and Florence
John Mea Khan d.
1943 son of Nutu
Gebe Khan d. 1944
son of Umra and Piree
Antallah d. 1941
son of Sapalla
Vera Khan m. Jallalderis Mallick 1926
Frazel M. Khan m.
Sarah M. Talley 1932
Violet May Khan m. Kamal Deen 1945.
Florence Kahn m.
Harry Wilson 1934
Grafton District
Doolah Khan d.
1905 Grafton Mother Bue.
Jemah Singh d.
1924. Son of Bundah
Ruby G. Singh b.
1900. Dau of Delph and Edith.
Irene Kahn b. 1913 Maclean dau of Bernard and Fanny.
Lena Kahn d. 1936 Maclean dau of
Edward and Elizabeth.
Janet Kahn m.
Edward J. Benson 1943 Grafton
|
Murbah District:
Jamel Singh d.
1904. Son of Mungal
Hanarm Singh d.
1905. Age 40
Harnan Singh d.
1909. Age 40
Katie Singh d.
1930. Dau of Raphael and Lizzie.
Gunda Singh d.
1933. Son of Sunda and Nerarni.
Beer Singh d.
1935. Age 50 at Condong. Mother Raddi.
Thacker Singh d.
1935. Age 70.
Atta Singh m.
Alice Balfe 1911
Garbutcheon Singh
m. Katie Pholie 1928.
Gunda Singh m.
Josephine Lomba 1932
Pearl Singh b.
1902 . Dau of Delph and Edith
Dorothy Singh b.
1905 Dau of James D. and Edith
Ralli Atta Singh
b. 1915. Son of Atta and Elizabeth
Sondil Khan d.
1912 Murbah son of Maulivi Rahmet and Marlan
Rhmat Khan d. 1915
son of Hakm Khan and Parri
Afghan Budda Khan
d. 1932 aged 41 son of Satu.
Janet F. Khan m.
Alexander Philip 1927
Murbah Cemetery:
‘Unknown Hindoo’
d. 1913
Rhmat Khan d. aged
56 16Apr1915
Budda Khan d. aged
41 2Apr1932
Mahomet Kalifa d.
aged 62 17Jun1932
Nellie Khan d.
24Dec47 aged 70
Bahad Rali died
aged 35 27Jul1915
Ramsook died aged
47 21Apr1923
Harnan Singh died
aged 40 18Aug1909
Pertab Singh d.
aged 40 4Jan1911
Pumul Sing died
aged 40 11Feb1922
Katie Singh d.
13Feb30 aged 24
Beer Singh died
aged 50 4 Jan1935
Thomas Garbutcheon
Singh d. 3Nov45 aged 62
Milka Singh died
aged 73 30Jul1952
Thacker Singh U/K
Kyogle
Dhni Ram d. 1939
age 66
|
Top
of Page
Commonwealth Electoral Roll Richmond
Electorate
|
1903 Mullumbimby
Singh, Delph,
Mullum, Indian Doctor.
1906 Mullumbimby:
Singh, Munshi Lall,
Mullum, hawker
1908 Mullumbimby:
Buddadean,
-------, Mullum, labourer
Roodah, -------,
Mullum, labourer
Singh, Choohar,
Mullum, gardener
Singh, Dalep,
Mullum Creek, labourer
Singh, Munshi Lall,
Mullum, Hawker
Singh, Nehal,
Mullum Crk, labourer
Singh, Nutta,
Mullum Crk, labourer
Singh, Pall,
Mullum Crk, labourer
Singh, Uttcher,
Mullum Crk, labourer
1909 Mullumbimby
Roodah, ------
Mullum Crk, labourer
Singh, Choohar,
Mullum, gardener
Singh, Dana,
Mullum, labourer
Singh, Nutta,
Mullum Crk, labourer
1913 Mullumbimby
Singh, Dava,
Mullumbimby, labourer
Singh, Maharl,
Myocum, labourer
Singh, Nuttah,
Mullum Crk, labourer
1915 Mullumbimby
Singh, Nuttah,
Mullum Crk, labourer
1921 Mullumbimby
nil Hindoos
1925 Mullum
nil Singh
1928 Mullum
Singh, Atta, Mullum, labourer
Singh, Bridget Elizabeth, Mullum
(Atta Singh married Alice Balfe 1911 Murbah? Ralli Singh b. 1915
Murbah dau of Atta and Elizabeth?)
1947 Mullumbimby:
Abdullah, Thomas Keith, Palmwoods, labourer
Khan, Akha, Main Arm, labourer
Kahn, Galon, Huonbrook, bananagrower
Kahn, Ina Alison, Huonbrook, school teacher
1949 Mullumbimby:
Abdullah, Thomas Keith, Palmwoods, labourer
Caltira, Esau, Goonengerry, HD (+Esau, Mehendor, Goonengerry, sawmill
hand 1955?)
Deen, Allahdee Kutub, The Pocket, HD (ditto 1955)
Deen, Harold Kutub, The Pocket, share farmer (ditto 1955)
Khan, Galom, Huonbrook, banana grower
Khan, Ida Mildred, Huonbrook, HD
Khan, Ina Alison, Huonbrook, school teacher
Khan, Robert Henry, Huonbrook, banana grower (all ditto 1955)
(+Kisham, Ramy, Blindmouth, banana grower 1955)
Rallah, Rampatup, Goonengerry, banana grower
(+Sahzell, Ramkisten, Main Arm, labourer 1954)
Singh, Enie Nutta, Wilsons
Creek, HD (nil 1955)
(+Singh, Bikar, Brunswick Tce., Mullum, banana grower 1955)
(+Singh, Mindo, Bruns Tce., HD 1955)
1960 Mullumbimby:
Chand, Joginder, Main Arm, banana grower
Deen, Allahdee Kutub, The Pocket, Billinudgel, HD
Deen, Harold Kutub, The Pocket, Billi, share farmer
Esau, Caltira, Goonengerry, HD
Esau, Mehendor, Goonengerry, sawmill hand
Khan, Ida Mildred, Mullumbimby Creek, HD
Khan, Ina Allison, Huonbrook, school teacher
Khan, Robert Henry, Mullumbimby Creek, farmer
Singh, Bika, 12 Brunswick
Terrace, banana grower
Singh, Harbans, Montecollum, HD
Singh, Satman, Montecollum, banana grower
1947 Ballina:
Basanta Singh, Rouse Hill, banana grower
Boota Singh, Teven, gardener
Harman Singh, Teven, labourer
Jamita Singh, Alstonville, labourer
Lorna Elizabeth Singh, Lismore Rd,
Home Duties
Patapa Singh, Teven, banana grower
1949 Ballina:
Alma Elizabeth Aboody-Zahloot, 12 Norton St, HD (7 River St 1950)
Arthur Aboody-Zahloot, ditto, hawker (7 River St 1950)
George Mavrice Chandica, Rouse Mill, banana grower
Leslie Phillip Chandica, ditto, banana grower
Miriam, ditto, HD
Jamita Singh, Alstonville, labourer (ditto 1950)
Lorna Elizabeth Singh, Lismore Rd,
HD (ditto 1950)
1950 Ballina:
Sadhu Singh, Teven, banana grower (+Pram Singh 1951)
(+ Sheroo, Meersham Vale 1951)
(+ Ramkisten Sahzell, Teven, market gardener 1951)
1950 Nimbin:
Ramm, Milky, Nimbin, landowner
1949 Gundurimba:
Mansour Joseph Aboud, Caniaba, farmer (ditto 1950)
Mary Francis Aboud, Caniaba, HD (ditto 1950)
Abdul Azz, Caniaba, gardener (ditto 1950)
Elizabeth Khan, South Gundurimba, HD (ditto 1950)
Shar Sowar Khan, Rock Valley Rd Tuncester, gardener (ditto 1950)
Mohammed-Hussam, Caniaba, market gardener
Indur Singh, Tregeagle, banana grower (ditto 1950)
Manga Singh, Tregeagle, banana grower (ditto 1950)
Rattan Singh, Linendale, market gardener (ditto 1950)
|
1903 Byron Bay:
Bhuywan
Singh,-------,B B, Labourer
Booya, ----------,
BB, lab
Braham Singh,
-------, BB, lab
Bunt Singh,
--------- ditto
Bulton Singh,
-------- ditto
Chur Singh,
------- ditto
Delip Singh,
-------- ditto
Esser Singh,
--------ditto
Golab Singh,
-------ditto
Goolan Mahomed,
-------- ditto
Goordetta,
--------- ditto
Hera, -------
ditto
Indur,
-------ditto
Jackstar,
-------ditto
Kahun Singh,
----------ditto
Mahar Singh,
--------ditto
Mardo,
--------ditto
Mayah Singh,
-------ditto
Nubob Khan,
------ditto
Panjab Singh,
--------ditto
Ram Singh,
----------ditto
Rullar,
-------ditto
Sabar Singh,
--------ditto
Satchain Singh,
------ditto
Shab Mahomed,
--------ditto
Utcheroo,----------ditto
Utler
Singh,-------ditto
1906 Byron Bay
Beer Singh,------
Byron Bay, labourer
Bhuywan
Singh,-----, Byron Bay, lab
Bishan, -----, St
Helena, labourer
Booya, ----------,
BB, lab
Braham Singh,
-------, BB, lab
Bunt Singh,
--------- ditto
Bulton Singh,
-------- ditto
Callah
Singh,------- ditto
Chur Singh,
------- ditto
Dava Singh,
------St Helena, labourer
Delip Singh,
-------- ,BB, lab
Golab Singh,
-------ditto
Goolan Mahomed,
-------- ditto
Godetta,-------,
St Helena, labourer
Goordetta,
--------- ,BB, lab
Hraram Singh,
--------ditto
Indur,
-------ditto
Jackstar,
-------ditto
Juctka, ------, St
Helena, labourer
Kahun Singh,
----------, BB, lab
Mahar Singh,
--------ditto
Mayah Singh,
-------ditto
Nubob Khan,
------ditto
Nutta Singh, St
Helena, lab
Panjab Singh,
--------, BB, lab
Pola Singh,
-------- ditto
Pram Singh,
--------ditto
Pun Gam Singh,
--------ditto
Ram Singh,
----------ditto
Rangoo Singh,
-----ditto
Rullar,
-------ditto
Sabar Singh,
--------ditto
Satchain Singh,
------ditto
Shab Mahomed,
--------ditto
Solram Singh,
-------- ditto
Utcheroo,----------ditto
Utler
Singh,-------ditto
1908 Byron Bay
Booya,--------BB,
labourer
Dava Singh, ----,
St Helena, labourer
Delip Singh,
-------BB, Lab
Godetta, ------,
St Helena, lab
Nuttah Singh,
-------, ditto
Pun Gam Singh,
---------BB, lab
1909 Byron Bay
Delip Singh,
-----,Byron Bay, labourer
1913 Byron Bay
nil Singh
1915 Byron Bay
not checked
1921 Byron Bay
nil Hindoos
1925 Byron Bay
nil Singh
1928 Byron
Nil Singh
1947 Byron Bay:
Khalil Najjar or Nicholas George Khalil-Najjar (?), Jonson St,
storekeeper
Gabriel Najor, Bangalow, storekeeper
Nutta Singh, Coopers Shoot, gardener
1949 Byron Bay:
Natha Singh, Coopers Shoot, gardener
1950 Byron Bay:
Charles Najor, Jonson St,
storekeeper
Gabriel Najor, Bangalow, storekeeper
Thomas Nutta-Singh, Coopers Shoot, gardener (ditto 1960)
Natha Singh, Coopers Shoot, gardener (Teven 1960)
(+Manga and Pira, McLeods Shoot, and Seva at Possum Creek 1960)
1972 Byron Bay:
Singh, Manga, McLeods Shoot, banana grower
Singh, Natha, Teven, vegetable grower
Singh, Pira, McLeods Shoot, banana grower
Singh, Sera, Opossum Creek, farmer
1947 Bonalbo:
Florence Khan, Bonalbo, HD
Junga Khan, Bonalbo, settler
Margrie Lillian Chung-Lun, c/- Crethar’s Café, Woodenbong
1947 Casino:
Lilly Aboud, 70 Convent St,
shop assistant
Nazar Aboud, ditto, HD
Rose Aboud, ditto, dressmaker
Alexander Abdullah, Centre St,
cattle buyer
Thomas Abdullah, 22 Eccles St,
drover
Ada Khan, 65 Johnson St,
HD
Allua Khan, Bungabee, -------
Nampt Khan, 65 Johnson St,
storekeeper
Nellie Khan, Mummulgum, HD
Fazle Mahmomed, Bungabee, gardener
Maleline Marrium Mahmomed 32 Frederick St HD
Shaer Mahmomed 32 Frederick St, fruiterer
1947 Kyogle:
Basil Aboody, Wiangarie, shop assistant
Olga Miriam Aboody, Wiangarie, HD
Michael Aboody-Zaloot, Wiangaree, storekeeper
|
1903 random elsewhere
Richmond
Singh, Chain,
Alstonville, labourer
Singh, Maha,
Alstonville, lab
Singh, Dulup,
Teven Crk, lab
Singh, Surren,
Teven Crk, farmer
Singh, Edith Rose,
Byron Crk, Bangalow, Domestic Duties.
Singh, Lall,
Lindindale, Chilcotts Grass, labourer
Singh, Choohar,
Sth Gundrimba, farmer
Singh, Baal,
Gundurimba, labourer
Singh, Watan,
Gundurimba, labourer
Singh, Jussa,
Woodlawn, labourer
Singh, Dayal,
Wyrallah, farmer
Singh, Gurdut,
Wyrallah, farmer
Singh, Kapoor,
Wyrallah, farmer
Singh, Mayd,
Wyrallah, labourer
Singh, Nutta,
Wyrallah, labourer
Singh, Priam,
ditto
Singh, Roor, ditto
Singh, Santa,
ditto
Singh, Sunda,
ditto
Singh, Taga, ditto
(Khan, - Farat,
Hosham, Hyatt, Keva, Limeer, Rahmutalah, Shajawall, Summer, Yar Gul,
all distributed Tweed Rd, Woodlawn and Boorie Crk in Lismore
Sub Div)
Rain, Mahomedee,
Wyrallah, lab
Ram, Nehal,
Wyrallah, lab
Ram, Mahangoo,
Wyrallah, lab
Ram, Phalli, Tucki
Tucki, lab
Ram, Suttai, Tucki
Tucki, lab
Ramdayal, Thomas,
Tucki Tucki, lab
Shar, Atta Mohomed,
Wyrallah, farmer
Shar, Matab,
Wyrallah, labourer
Shar, Shafaat,
Wyrallah, storekeeper
Shar, Yakoo,
Wyrallah, farmer
1906 Elsewhere,
random
Singh, Chain,
Alstonville, lab
Singh, Maha,
Alstonville, lab
Singh, Choohar,
Sth Gundurimba, farmer
Singh, Baal,
Gundurimba, lad
Singh, Watan,
Gundurimba, lab
Singh, Jussa,
Woodlawn, lab
Singh, Dayal,
Lismore, farmer
Singh, Deleep, Nth
Lismore, labourer
Singh, Lall,
Lismore, labourer
Singh, Gurdut,
Wyrallah, farmer
Singh, Kapoor,
Wyrallah, farmer
Singh, Nutta,
Wyrallah, farmer
Singh, Roor,
Wyrallah, labourer
Singh, Sunda,
Wyrallah, labourer
Ram, Shenoke, Nth
Lismore, lab
Rame, Mudda,
Woodlawn, lab
Rame, Shank,
Boorie Crk
Ram, Phallie,
Tucki Tucki, lab
Ram, Suttai, Tucki
Tucki, lab
Khan, Abaidulla,
Wyallah, farmer
Khan, Amir,
Wyrallah, farmer
Khan, Majid,
Wyrallah, farmer
Kisham, Ram,
Wyrallah, hawker
1908 Elsewhere,
random
Khan, Amir, Nth
Lismore, labourer
Khan, Keva, Boorie
Crk, lab
Khan, Khowas,
Gundurimba, farmer
Khan, Rahmeet,
Lismore, labourer
Khan, Shajawall,
Jiggi, farmer
Khan, Summer,
Jiggi, farmer
Ram, Shenoke, Nth
Lismore, lab
Singh, Dayal,
Lismore, farmer
Singh, Deleep, Nth
Lis, lab
Singh, Hajarrah,
Nth Lis, boarding house keeper
Singh, Pertoppa,
Lis, domestic duties
1909 Elsewhere,
random
Singh, Dayal,
Lismore, farmer
Singh, Hajarrah,
Nth Lis, boarding house keeper
Singh, Pertoppa,
Lis, domestic duties
1913 Elsewhere,
random
Singh, Esur,
Casino, herbalist
Singh, Nurain,
Casino, herbalist
Singh, Diyal,
Lismore, farmer
Singh, Bram, Nth
Lis, seed merchant
Singh, Bishan,
Nimbin, farmer
Singh, Deleap,
Jiggi, lab
Singh, George
Buchan, Nth Lis, labouer
Singh, George
Harnan, Lismore, labourer
Singh, Hajarrah,
Nth Lis, boarding house keeper and dealer
Singh, Paul, Nth
Lis, lab
Singh, Pertoppa,
Lis, dom duties
Singh, Salguam
(Hindu), Tyalgum, labourer
Kajana,-------,
Dorroughby, lab
Khan, Amir,
Nimbin, farmer
Khan, Gebu, Nth
Lis, cattle dealer
Khan, Kareen,
Hanging Rock, gardener
Khan, Keva, Boorie
Crk, lab
Khan, Khowas,
Gundurimba, farmer
Khan, Mows, Nth
Lis, lab
Khan, Nabob, Jiggi,
lab
Khan, Shajawall,
Hanging Rock, farmer
Rasul, Ghulan, Nth
lis, lab
Shah, Yakoot,
Gundurimba, farmer
Nil Woolgoolgah.
[1940s: Bikar
Singh, Korora, Coffs Harbour ,labourer. Nil 1953 but Lal Singh,
Korora, Labourer, plus Roy Singh, 15th Ave, Sawtell,
labourer.]
Koorey, George,
Ballina, Draper
Koorey, Khalil,
Storekeeper
Koorey, Mary and
Mary Jane, Ballina
Aboody, Michael,
Nth Lis,
1915 Elsewhere
not checked
1921 Elsewhere
Singh, Nurain,
Casino, herbalist
Khan, Shajawal,
Chelmsford, farmer
Singh, Dayal,
Lismore, farmer
Singh, George
Harnam, Koonorigan, farmer
Singh, Hajarrah,
Nth Lis, boarding house keeper and dealer
Singh, Pertoppa,
Lis, dom, duties.
nil Murbah
1925/28 Murwillumbah
nil Singh
1947 Murwillumbah:
Budwee Aboud, Conchy Creek, banana grower
Ina Merle Aboud, ditto, HD
Josie Una Aboud, ditto, HD
Mansour Aboud, ditto, banana grower
Michael Joseph Aboud, ditto, farmer
Nellie Alli, Tyalgum, HD
Ramal Alli, Tyalgum, storekeeper
1949 Murwillumbah:
Ramal Alli, Tyalgum, storekeeper
Shahin Godo, Dunbible, banana grower
Thora May Ismail, 17 Stafford St,
HD
Ali Yahya, 17 Stafford St,
labourer
Lal Singh, Round Mountain,
farmer
Munchan Singh, Eungella, banana grower
|
Top
of Page
Police
Census Clarence
District
|
|
IJan1899 |
|
|
|
Patrol District |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
|
Grafton |
5722 |
13 |
15 |
|
South Grafton |
2519 |
16 |
12 |
|
Ulmarra |
1392 |
9 |
1 |
|
Brushgrove |
1147 |
9 |
0 |
|
Lawrence |
1240 |
6 |
2 |
|
Maclean |
1985 |
25 |
11 |
|
Harwood |
590 |
20 |
0 |
|
Palmer’s Island |
780 |
37 |
1 |
|
Yamba |
671 |
2 |
2 |
|
Dalmorton |
463 |
5 |
0 |
|
Copmanhurst |
1231 |
0 |
0 |
|
Nymboida |
555 |
2 |
0 |
|
Woolgoolga |
620 |
0 |
0 |
|
Chatsworth |
802 |
24 |
0 |
|
Coramba |
1400 |
0 |
0 |
|
Coff’s Harbour |
|
|
|
|
Dorrigo |
|
|
|
|
Cangai |
|
|
|
|
Total |
21,217 |
163 |
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1Jan07 |
1Jan08 |
1Jan09 |
1Jan10 |
|
Patrol District |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
|
Grafton |
5460 |
32 |
20 |
5415 |
19 |
7 |
5312 |
5 |
2 |
6813 |
20 |
2 |
|
South Grafton |
2616 |
19 |
4 |
2635 |
2 |
5 |
2631 |
24 |
6 |
2711 |
26 |
6 |
|
Ulmarra |
1536 |
17 |
1 |
1576 |
13 |
1 |
1617 |
16 |
1 |
1629 |
23 |
1 |
|
Brushgrove |
1174 |
0 |
0 |
1130 |
0 |
0 |
1210 |
4 |
0 |
1227 |
0 |
0 |
|
Lawrence |
1190 |
37 |
0 |
1233 |
39 |
0 |
1250 |
39 |
0 |
1262 |
30 |
0 |
|
Maclean |
2873 |
23 |
10 |
2988 |
19 |
10 |
2978 |
39 |
0 |
3032 |
17 |
6 |
|
Harwood |
620 |
1 |
0 |
600 |
0 |
0 |
580 |
0 |
0 |
561 |
0 |
0 |
|
Palmer’s Island |
784 |
1 |
0 |
757 |
0 |
0 |
781 |
1 |
0 |
786 |
0 |
0 |
|
Yamba |
489 |
3 |
2 |
489 |
2 |
0 |
501 |
0 |
0 |
510 |
1 |
0 |
|
Dalmorton |
305 |
0 |
0 |
398 |
0 |
0 |
408 |
0 |
0 |
386 |
0 |
0 |
|
Copmanhurst |
1360 |
1 |
0 |
1530 |
4 |
1 |
1661 |
2 |
0 |
1450 |
1 |
0 |
|
Nymboida |
651 |
0 |
0 |
680 |
1 |
0 |
895 |
6 |
0 |
945 |
4 |
0 |
|
Woolgoolga |
696 |
5 |
0 |
750 |
0 |
0 |
785 |
0 |
0 |
782 |
1 |
0 |
|
Chatsworth |
717 |
6 |
0 |
822 |
5 |
0 |
841 |
3 |
0 |
830 |
4 |
0 |
|
Coramba |
1090 |
0 |
0 |
1190 |
0 |
0 |
1292 |
0 |
0 |
1311 |
0 |
0 |
|
Coff’s Harbour |
1006 |
0 |
0 |
1241 |
6 |
0 |
1111 |
6 |
5 |
1749 |
10 |
1 |
|
Dorrigo |
953 |
0 |
0 |
1021 |
0 |
0 |
2000 |
0 |
0 |
1526 |
0 |
0 |
|
Cangai |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
611 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total |
23,520 |
145 |
37 |
24,405 |
110 |
24 |
26,151 |
124 |
46 |
28,121 |
137 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
Tablelands
|
|
1Jan07 |
1Jan08 |
1Jan09 |
1Jan10 |
|
Patrol District |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chin |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chin |
Euros |
Aliens |
Chins |
|
Glen Innes |
6995 |
14 |
80 |
7332 |
7 |
76 |
7592 |
7 |
76 |
7715 |
2 |
66 |
|
Kookabookra |
654 |
0 |
14 |
668 |
2 |
11 |
618 |
4 |
12 |
650 |
0 |
12 |
|
Emmaville |
2413 |
0 |
182 |
2547 |
2 |
200 |
2247 |
4 |
112 |
2630 |
6 |
55 |
|
Kingstown |
345 |
0 |
0 |
396 |
0 |
0 |
358 |
0 |
0 |
942 |
0 |
0 |
|
Tenterfield |
3988 |
17 |
11 |
4013 |
12 |
13 |
4027 |
33 |
8 |
4077 |
35 |
3 |
|
Wilson’s
Downfall |
753 |
0 |
117 |
776 |
0 |
111 |
780 |
0 |
60 |
793 |
0 |
87 |
|
Deepwater |
1250 |
4 |
42 |
1340 |
7 |
37 |
1730 |
10 |
35 |
1750 |
3 |
17 |
|
Total |
16,398 |
35 |
448 |
17,072 |
30 |
448 |
17,382 |
54 |
303 |
17,977 |
46 |
240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inverell |
7469 |
0 |
42 |
7965 |
0 |
41 |
7730 |
0 |
53 |
7532 |
2 |
49 |
|
Howell |
1587 |
6 |
0 |
1899 |
9 |
0 |
1675 |
0 |
0 |
1486 |
0 |
0 |
|
Tingha |
4274 |
20 |
314 |
4011 |
18 |
308 |
3650 |
21 |
279 |
3370 |
20 |
242 |
|
Ashford |
1330 |
0 |
7 |
1262 |
0 |
15 |
1173 |
0 |
16 |
1228 |
0 |
31 |
|
Delungra |
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
2 |
0 |
683 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total |
14,660 |
26 |
363 |
15,137 |
27 |
364 |
14,828 |
23 |
348 |
14,299 |
22 |
322 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Armidale |
7558 |
9 |
34 |
7575 |
10 |
30 |
7780 |
9 |
46 |
7841 |
12 |
42 |
|
Uralla |
3150 |
3 |
18 |
3173 |
2 |
21 |
3151 |
5 |
23 |
3345 |
5 |
16 |
|
Walcha Road |
750 |
0 |
2 |
730 |
0 |
2 |
702 |
1 |
23 |
614 |
0 |
0 |
|
Walcha |
2857 |
9 |
6 |
2589 |
3 |
6 |
2618 |
2 |
3 |
2835 |
1 |
4 |
|
Bendemeer |
649 |
4 |
0 |
639 |
4 |
4 |
720 |
4 |
0 |
797 |
3 |
0 |
|
Nowendoc |
190 |
2 |
1 |
196 |
1 |
1 |
220 |
0 |
0 |
233 |
0 |
0 |
|
Guyra |
1942 |
0 |
1 |
1903 |
0 |
3 |
2013 |
0 |
3 |
2035 |
0 |
5 |
|
Bundarra |
2226 |
2 |
6 |
1878 |
2 |
4 |
1910 |
2 |
3 |
1949 |
2 |
2 |
|
Metz |
445 |
0 |
0 |
365 |
0 |
0 |
268 |
0 |
0 |
215 |
0 |
0 |
|
Guy Fawkes |
538 |
0 |
0 |
547 |
0 |
0 |
813 |
0 |
4 |
920 |
0 |
0 |
|
Hillgrove |
2811 |
14 |
12 |
2863 |
9 |
13 |
2396 |
9 |
14 |
2061 |
6 |
13 |
|
George’s Creek |
277 |
0 |
0 |
295 |
0 |
0 |
268 |
6 |
0 |
256 |
5 |
0 |
|
Total |
23,393 |
43 |
80 |
22,843 |
31 |
84 |
22,894 |
38 |
97 |
23,121 |
34 |
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Police District
Returns
|
|
1Jan1907 |
1Jan1908 |
Increase/decrease |
|
Armidale |
23,516 |
22,958 |
-458 |
|
The Clarence |
23,702 |
24,549
|
+847 |
|
Glen Innes and
Tenterfield |
16,876 |
17,580
|
+704 |
|
Inverell |
15,049 |
15,548
|
+499 |
|
Richmond and Tweed |
49,316 |
51,059 |
+1743 |
|
Total |
128,458 |
131,694
|
+3798 |
Top
of Page
Aborigines North Lismore
1901
census: Three Aboriginal Camps Cemetery Hill North Lismore:
2males/9females; 3m/2f; and 4m/1f.
Northern
Star:
11Apr94:
Aborigines refused treatment Casino Hospital
20Jun01: Dick Barry and
Charles Keevra, aboriginals, drunk Terania St.
2Aug07: Kitty Barry, an exceptionally ugly old black
gin…(Lismore Chronicle)
12May11:
‘Aborigines and Half Castes’: 17 Casino, 72 Wardell, 19 Tweed Heads, 86
Woodenbong and 1 Rappville. None Lismore??
17May12: Lismore council
completed street work Nth Lis – ‘a suburb which has not been too
liberally treated in the past.’ Kerb and guttering.
7Aug12: George Rambit,
aborigine, Nth Lismore.
24Dec12: Aborigine
influx Lismore
11/12Dec13: L to E on Disturbances Wyrallah. Aboriginals.
13Sep14: The
Battle for
Lismore. A true story of the days of the darkies
26Sep14: The
Declining Abo. Pop figures for year 1913 NSW. Only 1861 full bloods.
28Jan15: T.G.
Hewitt, editor/owner NS, dies age 72. Hewitt’s ‘fearless and able pen was
often raised in defence of the weak – the poor and the aborigines..,
8Feb17: Formation of the Ratepayers and Citizens’ Association of North
Lismore. Among subjects dealt with… the congregation of the
aborigines in
North Lismore….
14Mar17: Mr Thompson
of the North Lismore Progress Association moved that the Aborigines'
Protection Board be asked to appoint another teacher to take charge of the
school at the reserve, 6 mile peg, Dunoon Road.
8Feb18: Formation of
the Ratepayers and Citizens’ Association of North Lismore. Among
subjects dealt with… the congregation of the aborigines in
North Lismore….
23Feb18: Nth Lis
Ratepayers Assoc: We have protested about the congregating of
aborigines in the town...
14Nov18: Harry Capps, well known aborigine, died Dunoon Road.
27Nov18: Blacks at
North
Lismore.
3Dec18: Blacks at
North
Lismore. The sanitary inspector…. had several interviews with aborigines
residing in certain insanitary buildings in Pine Street, North Lismore.
The blacks emphatically refused to return to the location set apart for
them at Dunoon. All the aborigines, after much discussion, agreed to shift
on to the reserve adjoining the cemetery at North Lismore. … I further
suggest that permission be obtained from the natives to remove the huts at
Dunoon to the site…. As soon as these people are disposed of the way would
then be fairly clear for the disposal of other coloured races and the
buildings occupied by them in that part of the municipality….. The thing
he was afraid of was that if the position went on the people of other
coloured races would want houses, such as obtained in parts of Africa, and
which were revolting. They could put the blacks out on the street, but the
question was if that was advisable. The inspector of police wanted the
blacks to go back to Dunoon. … The Mayor said the council did not want the
blacks to go to the reserve at North Lismore, but to return to Dunoon…
5Dec18: Lismore
District Aborigines. A Suitable Home….For a number of years, thanks to the
efforts of the late Mr J.W. Coleman, MLA, when Mayor of Lismore, one of
the reserves vested in the council, containing upward of twenty acres, and
situated on the hill immediately at the back of the general cemetery, was
set apart for their use. Some twelve years ago the local Aborigines’
Protection Board succeeded in getting the Government to alienate a much
larger area of land – over 400 acres – on the Dunoon road, about the 6
mile peg, for these people, and on this small houses were built, also a
school and a manager’s residence. At the time it was thought the site
selected was a suitable one, offering plenty of country for hunting
purposes, which year after year has been narrowed by the squatter and the
selector until the natives have been, as it were, pressed between the
upper and the nether millstones, with no place left to them that
individual or tribe could call their own….. As years went on, however, it
was found that the locality was a very dry one, and when there were long
periods without rain tank supplies of water ran out and the natives were
obliged to shift camp. Then again there was no river or creek in which
they might fish and bathe. …Also it has to be written that the local
natives are good workers and law-abiding, and this is largely due to the
work of the churches among them, and to the efforts of several lady
missionaries who visit them periodically. The Government established a
school there, but through the inability of the teacher to get board and
lodging in the neighbourhood this was more often closed than open. The
department then placed a manager, who with his wife lived on the reserve,
but for various reasons the move was not a success and he was recalled to
Sydney.
Gradually the natives have left the reserve and taken up their abode in
dilapidated houses in Lismore…. Apparently the authorities have recognised
the futility of re-establishing the settlement and recently sold the
schoolhouse and manager’s house…. This officer emphasised the
determination of the blacks not to return to the Dunoon road reserve, but
they were agreeable to return to their former home on the reserve next to
the cemetery… It must be chillingly disappointing to both officials to
find that the council merely ‘received the report’ and took no action… In
1892 every effort was made to induce the Richmond blacks to take up their
abode at the Clarence River home, without success, and anyone with the
slightest knowledge of these people should know the futility of trying to
induce them to go in opposition to their customs and habits…
13Jan19: Aborigine’
Mission.
The ‘Kyogle Examiner’ reports: …Including children 126 natives were
encamped on the Bean Tree reserve during Christmas…
Aborigine Museum.
18Feb19:
North Lismore Blacks:
... In reply to a letter appearing in last Friday’s issue….as regards my
attitude in taking the aboriginal question up at the request of a large
number of ratepayers, also on behalf of the North Lismore Ratepayers’ and
Citizens’ Association, I have always acted clean, and above reproach of
trying to do these people an injury to their welfare. …place them on a
reserve – Terania Creek, near Blakebrook, for instance. …What do we find
today? Old feeble blacks, too old to work. Many others with families of
young children fighting out a living, for themselves and children on a few
shillings the mothers and fathers earn, together with the help of a few
old clothes obtained from friendly disposed people. On top of this they
have to rent some old dwellings, or sheds, not fit for habitation, and
which become s a menace to the health of the citizens of this town. Any
statement I have made in regard to 50 or 60 blacks I am prepared to stand
by. Many reputable citizens of North Lismore could if they wish verify and
further substantiate these facts… They state there are only 20 adult
Australian blacks in the district. Does this include half-castes,
quarter-castes, etc? … And then the large influx of visitors from other
centres… Out of this number they say only five indulge in drink. … That
petition was not to prevent them getting a home, but against any portion
of North Lismore reserve set aside for returned soldiers being made
available for a home for aboriginals… It would be very interesting Mr
Editor, now this question having been touched on, to know how many of the
Lismore district blacks enlisted, and their records while in the ranks.
…Signed H.D. Walker, Nth Lis 15Feb.
21Feb19:
Editorial/Leader. Firing Them Out. In the battle that is perennially
being fought out in the Antipodean world, whether in
Australia or in
Australasia, the original owners of the soil have always been the under
dog…. The fact is being more and more lost sight of that look where we may
throughout these countries according to the laws we have made for
ourselves the rightful owners of the soil are the aboriginals. We are the
interlopers… It is on account of these hideous blots upon our national
character that later Governments have endeavoured in a poor way to make
reparation for the nation’s sins of omission in the past. …. Dunoon, one
of these reserves, affords a striking instance of how not to do it. …. As
the country got denuded of the natural food of the aboriginal, the possum,
wallaby, etc, the occupants were thrown back upon their own resources…. As
regards work, while they were at Dunoon there was not sufficient locally
to support themselves, and they were too far away to walk into Lismore for
jobs so they declined to starve on the Government’s hospitality and
gradually have settled in the parliens
(?) of
North Lismore…. But
they are not nice neighbours in the eyes of a few of the elect or the
select of the northern suburbs, and hence fortified by the wishes of some
of the ratepayers, he tells us, Ald. Walker is busying himself in an
effort to send these unfortunates forth, to starve or live a precarious
existence in the country again. For that is practically what his petition
if successful would amount to….
…His sneer at
utilizing their services in order to secure cheap labour, and non-union
labour at that, is worthy the mind it has emanated from….. If Ald. Walker
had made inquiries before his reference to this cheap labor he would have
found that from end to end of the Richmond the aboriginals as a whole
demand and are paid exactly the same rate of pay as the ordinary member of
the AWU gets…. If Ald Walker is really anxious to know what Richmond
aboriginals went to war he can get that information from Cabbage Tree
Island…
25Feb19: Influenza:
Kyogle – Police taken charge of aborigine home… number of aboriginals
broke away… South Kyogle residents up in arms over police action… Stoney
Gully.
27Feb19: …The
disease has spread to the aborigines’ settlement at Fingal, three miles
from the
Tweed… There are among
the aborigines at Fingal some who have come from Stoney Gully, near
Kyogle, and it is the same class of sickness that has broken out at Fingal
as is now so widespread at the Stoney Gully compound. … The blacks are on
the aborigine reserve
Another infant died
Stoney Gully Compound…. Mother, a faith healer, would not allow any
medicine to be given….
27Feb19: What More
Could be Done? In this morning’s issue of your paper appears a list of
provisions supplied to the aborigines isolated near the
North Lismore cemetery
during the influenza scare… Well, sir, seeing that seven human beings were
cooped up in a shack that broke every law of sanitary science… To begin
with, an attempt might have been to provide some means whereby the
internees… The conditions under which these unfortunate people lived
during their term of isolation reflect nothing but credit upon ‘those in
authority’,… and we should be thankful to Mr Barrie for exposing the state
of affairs as he found it. Furthermore it behoves us to insure against a
repetition of the scandal should future cases…. Yours, etc, W.L. Hawkins,
Terania St, North Lismore, 25th. Feb.
28Feb19: Total of 36
cases influenza Blacks Camp Stoney Shoot Kyogle.
3Mar19: Sympathy for
Aborigines. Disproportionate death rate.
4Mar19: In Aid of
Aborigines. Another Case Stoney Gully. Aborigines Coraki and Fingal
6Mar19. The Aborigines
Camps. Dunoon. 110 blacks in Dunoon camp and 50 ill. 5 deaths so far.
24Mar16: Assist the
Blacks. Stoney Gully
29Mar19: To Assist the
Aborigines. Money collected.
9Apr19: Stoney Gully
Quarantine. Letter from Nurses at Aborigine Station Stoney Gully
12Apr19: Stoney Gully
Pneumonic Cases
21Apr19: Deaths at
Stoney Gully. 110 aborigines quarantined, 62 infected, 12 deaths. Names
given.
15May19: Australian
Aborigines. Kyogle/Fingle/Byron Bay (Harry Bray last of his tribe.)
23May19: Treatment of
Aborigines. Letter from manager Stoney Gully (ref 15May article)
13Jun19: Treatment of
Aborigines. Letter from Evangelist of Fingal re 23May article/letter
24Jun19: Blankets for
Aborigines. Letter from manager Stoney Gully
10Jul19: George
Thompson dies Dunoon, Ex police tracker. At present 20 aborigines at
Dunoon.
27Jun25:
Pioneer History. Aboriginal Freak
Brunswick
22Jul25:
Pioneer History. Aborigines not so black
16Sep25:
Aborigine Kitchen Midden Ballina
10Mar28:
White Mens Ways.
– Aboriginals not
accepted for
life insurance policies, so nor should Hindus.
2Jun28 NS: Hindoos
trespassing Aborigine Reserve South Kyogle.
8Aug28:
Terania Shire Council. Complaints Aborigine Reserve Dunoon. Health
inspector says unsanitary. Houses not fit for human habitation
13Aug28:
Aborigine Plea. H.A. Cromelin writes on behalf of Dunoon Aborigines. Don’t
wish to be transferred. Australian treatment of Aborigines on a par
with Belgium’s treatment of natives of Congo.
14Aug28:
Aborigine Plea. No work Dunoon. Whites object, ‘naturally enough’,
to their offspring occupying seats next to Aborigine children at school.
20Aug28: The
Aborigines. L to E by JP Howard, manager Aborigine station Casino.
24Nov28: North Lismore
Ratepayers: Complaints about bad language and sanitary conditions
black's camp in Peat and Terania St up from Gray Street.
8Jan29:
Council debated whether to erect three houses in North Lismore to house
aboriginals, at the same time the Aboriginals Protection Board was
considering the acquisition of about one acre of land at North Lismore and
to remove the aboriginal school building now on the aboriginal reserve at
Dunoon, also to erect two or three dwellings for deserving aboriginals….
There were at
North
Lismore at the present time a number of aboriginal children of school age
who were deprived of schooling, being unable to attend the local public
school and too far from Dunoon to attend the aboriginal school.
Alderman White said let them stay ‘They are entitled to live on the
face of the earth as much as any one of us.’ There are a number of decent
hard working aboriginal women in Lismore at the present time who were
desirous of their children being educated. Under the present conditions
the youngsters stood no chance at all. They were not allowed to attend the
local public school, for reasons he did not propose to go into that night.
He was prepared to admit that there was sound sense in the arguments of
white parents who objected to their children being forced into the company
of aboriginal children, but could also see that it was most unfortunate
for the latter… He pointed out that the women he had in mind had no chance
of earning a living at Dunoon, and said that some attempt must be made to
give just treatment to the aboriginals from whom the country had been
taken, and argued that they were entitled to live even if their skins were
black.
Alderman
Arthur said that some aboriginals were living in
North
Lismore at the present time and were far from desirable. They were
immoral, ‘in fact’, he said ‘some of their houses are nothing less than
immoral houses.’
31Jan29:
North Lismore Progress Association said the settlement should be located
in South Lismore, whose Progress Association said ‘the aborigines were
no good to Lismore and Lismore was no good to the aborigines.’ Cabbage
Tree Island was recommended. Said Mr Kohmuller: The landlords are the
trouble at
North
Lismore; they let their houses to the aborigines, and as long as the rent
is paid the landlords are satisfied. With regard to the Dunoon settlement
I think the trouble there has been that some of the property owners near
the settlement have been worrying the aborigines for years because they
wanted the land that had been given to the blacks; that is the reason why
the aborigines will not stop on the settlement.
Mr
Little said that the blacks were well catered for at Dunoon, but it was
too far from the hotels and from the pictures to suit the aborigines, who
would not work. He had no quarrel with the aborigines, but they should not
be allowed to settle in any part of Lismore, and those now in the town
were polluting one of the streams.
16Feb29:
The council resolved to tell the Aboriginals Protection Board to move the
proposed settlement at least two miles further from town, and that an
endeavour be made to ensure that all aborigines within the municipality
live in that area under the supervision of some competent person.
24Jul29:
The council and APB were still arguing over the school, but the second
camp near the cemetery had grown. Alderman Frith pointed out that if a
school was erected it would only be a thin end of the wedge toward
securing permission to erect huts, for, if the children were in Lismore at
school, their parents would also be in Lismore. He considered it the duty
of the board to find a reserve some little distance from Lismore. He did
not want to seem inhuman, but it was certain that the aborigines did not
benefit by being in town; they were more suited to life in the country.
The natives were not industrious, and he thought that the board should
permit them to live as they had lived in the past before the whites came.
That
the Aborigines’ Board was shirking its duty was the opinion of Ald.
Arthur, who also said that the aborigines were a nuisance in North Lismore.
On a recent visit to the cemetery there it had seemed to him that the
whole of the blacks in the camps in the vicinity were drunk and their
language was too bad to repeat. They should not be allowed to live in the
towns.
Alderman Caterson said that the establishment of a camp at North Lismore
would reduce land values in the vicinity and opposed granting permission
for a school.
22Aug29:
L to E Mary A.M. Hewitt. In recent issues of the ‘Star’ much publicity
has been given to the matter of an aborigines’ school.,…. Some of these
comments reported as made by these aldermen, I consider so serious as to
merit an inquiry being made to verify them or otherwise…
Making
inquiries, I was told that the aborigines were not drunk. Briefly it was
alleged that a certain married woman smacked a single girl…A general ‘mix
up’ followed… Some time ago at a council meeting Ald. Arthur referred to
the home life of some of the aboriginal women, and it is alleged he made
rather serious allegations. I am told by some of these women that they
cannot go out at night but that they are approached by some degraded white
male.
There
is a terrible hiding in store for the first white man caught by the
aboriginal men. It is hoped to put an end to the evil this way. I have
promised them their legal expenses, if legal action should follow. But I
know I am safe in doing so because the white individual will not brave a
court case.
It
would appear that Ald. S.E. Arthur has forgotten a kindness shown many
years ago by the aborigines to the children of his first wife. I have all
the particulars, and the dark people have been hurt that apparently their
kindness has been so soon forgotten. Better by far if Ald. Arthur would
find out who are these degraded white males and try and reform them, also
find out who the men are that supply the aborigines with strong drink…
Ald.
W. Frith’s statement ‘that the natives were not industrious’ is too
sweeping. There are ‘lazy bones’ amongst the white races. The aboriginal
women want to live in town so that they can get work. I have had
aboriginal men and women working for me, and I can say they are
industrious and honest….
I
expected the clergy of the local churches to speak in their defence as
regards the proposed school, but I have not heard of it being done
excepting in the Roman Catholic Church, when Dean Hennessy on Sunday
morning not long ago made an eloquent appeal for a better understanding of
these unfortunate dark people. White mothers in South Lismore have
influenced Mr W. Missingham MLA and the Department of Education, and so no
aboriginal child is now allowed to attend the public school there….
[Note:
Mary Hewitt was daughter of Thomas George Hewitt, proprietor of Northern Star until death 1915 (when
son T.M. Hewitt took over), who was Chairman of the Lismore Committee of the
Aborigine Protection Board 1911 when there were 15 Full Blood adults, 8 FB
children, 7 Half Caste adults and 16 HC children living in 11 huts at the
480 acre Dunoon Reserve, of which 80 acres cleared for farm. Lawyer John
Charles McIntosh Snr also on the committee along with James Barrie (Mayor
1884-85, 1892-93, 1901) and
Sebastian Garrard.]
4Sep29:
Lismore Council Meeting. Ald. Arthur unrepentant and at the next
Council meeting when they considered Police Inspector Cradock’s suggestion
to erect a school near the Robert White bridge in North Lismore on the
banks of
Leycester Creek… said that the place where the aborigines
were living in at North Lismore was quite unsuitable, and the blacks often
lived in a house till vermin hunted them out and then they secured
another. … He suggested a reserve on Wyrallah road, opposite Mr Pollack’s
farm. …
Alderman Hosie said any land
(they
rezoned) was to be used as a school and not for a settlement. …
Alderman Frith… pointed out that the council had previously rejected a
proposal to establish a settlement where it was now proposed to erect a
school. He contended that in the place where the children were the parents
would be and the authorization of the school would be the thin edge of the
wedge for a settlement. He had noticed that a number of residents had
taken it upon themselves to criticise the alderman for the opinions
expressed but he was prepared to adhere to his previous contention that,
though he had nothing against the establishment of a school at a suitable
place, there should not be settlement inside the municipality.
Alderman Caterson said that a quarter of a mile further from Lismore than
the site suggested was an ideal position for the blacks.
Alderman Eggins lined up with the not-inside-the-municipality party….
They
decided to set up a committee to select a site and this was agreed to
by the council.
4Sep29:
Decision made to allow school to go ahead, but North Lis residents
protest. At the same time lobbying for a new infants school.
4Nov29: L
to E by W.T. Harris of Nth Lis. The paragraph in Saturday’s ‘Star’
regarding the aborigines’ camp leads me to hope that this matter will
receive the publicity it deserves before we are committed to a worse
condition than already exists. The desire to evade the question seems to
be common with some of our alderman, as when I interviewed the Mayor (Alderman
McKenzie) he referred me to Alderman White, who in turn advised me to see
the Mayor about the matter.
As
briefly as possible I will give some reasons why a school and incidentally
an aborigines camp’ should not be allowed at the proposed site known as
‘Brasck’s Paddock.’ One of the essential things at a camp of this
description – next to water – is an ample supply of firewood, of which
there is none here, consequently the fences in the neighbourhood might
disappear; also pieces of the Robert White bridge. Sanitary arrangements
or the lack of them so near to a large town, is dangerous. If anyone cares
to take a walk along the creek bank between Robert White bridge and Dunn’s
corner the scenery will convince them of the danger of hookworm, etc. The
nearness of the camp to town makes it too easy to be visited by people of
various colours for gambling and other purposes. The rights of property
owners in the neighbourhood should have some consideration…..
13Nov29:
William Moore, aborigine, stealing from Aullia, Hindu of Caniaba,
Dunoon Rd. + Steve Roberts aborigine. Italian witness Ballaran working for
Hindu.
3Dec29:
Better Treatment. Aborigines
31Dec29:
Aboriginal Life
7Feb30:
Kyogle. Aborigines at Law. Tribe Hatred Alleged. Queensland Aborigine not welcome by local aboriginals at South Kyogle
Mission Home.
18Feb30: Person
not an aboriginal charged with being in company with an aboriginal. Nth
Lis.
11Mar30: Alex Roberts, Aborigine, North Lismore.
8Apr30: Bob Mundie, aborigine Nth Lis
22Jul30: Janet Beech, an aboriginal woman, insufficient means of support.
14 days prison.
22Jul30: "New Residents". Lismore Aborigines. For East Lismore.
Aborigines' Protection Board write to council re acquisition of 100 acres
Wyrallah Road for establishment of school, dwellings and reserve. Alderman
Frith said The aborigines' board was to blame for not giving the Dunoon
settlement efficient supervision when it was in proper order. Because the
aborigines were objectionable to North Lismore was no reason to shunt them
on to East Lismore. Neither should the council be asked to shoulder the
responsibility of providing water and other services. Alderman
Caterson said "I am Australian born the same as they are" and contended
that white people should give considerate treatment to the blacks they had
ousted from the land... Ald R. Kellas did not agree with Ald W. Frith's
proposal to set up a "black Canberra" in the wilderness, supported the
proposed site, and contended that the way to civilise the blacks was to
bring them in contact with civilisation and let them enjoy the benefits.
Alderman McLeod was very definitely against the Wyrallah Road site and
said if the council carried the motion there would be a storm of protest.
He quoted the success achieved in North Queensland settlements away from
the white population, where the natives were taught trades. Ald W. Braid
was strongly with the previous speaker and said that abo' children would
be marching through the town from North Lismore to the school at Wyrallah
Road if a settlement was established in the latter place..... Ald White
sought to place the whole responsibility of selecting a site upon the
board, the council holding aloof.... Mayor Ross said that if the
aborigines were moved outside the municipality the shire councils would
object....
Ald Hosie contended that the blacks were established at North Lismore
and would still live there irrespective of the location of the official
settlement. It would be absurd for the council to agree to establishing
the blacks in a place that was now free of them. The position would then
be that Lismore would have two settlements...
Ald Arthur at one period of the debate argued that the board had the
power to compel all aborigines to live in any settlement established, also
all people with aboriginal blood in them. At this stage he pointed
directly at Ald Hosie and there was a roar of laughter which broke out
every few seconds in chuckles when Ald Arthur continued to gesticulate and
point a declamatory finger at Ald Hosie...
Council voted 6 to 4 to tell the board that council considered
that the only suitable site for the aborigines was on the North Lismore
side of the town and outside the municipality.
30Jul30: Letter to Ed from Alderman Arthur, also President of the
Association for the Better Housing and Care of the Australian Aborigines
in Lismore. ... The Wyrallah site, although completely removed from
white habitation is yet sufficiently near to town to enable those who work
to go to and fro without undue fatigue as was a serious objection to the
Dunoon Road reserve.
It may not be common knowledge that the aboriginals are only partly
supported by the Government, therefore, it is necessary that they secure
employment to furnish their families with the necessaries of life. The
aborigines themselves are not only willing, but most anxious that they be
settled on this reserve as the houses which they inhabit at present are
insanitary, overcrowded, and a disgrace to a civilised community. They are
constantly exposed to the immoral influences of undesirable whites. ...
The school at the Dunoon Road reserve would be transferred... At present
the children are being taught in an old dilapidated cow bails in North
Lismore. ...
As 80 per cent of the aborigines are suffering from hookworm, and in the
present situation they are frequently flooded out, Lismore is in constant
danger of an epidemic of this infectious and dread disease. A competent
male teacher will be resident on the settlement and have complete charge
of its inhabitants, and no aboriginal would be allowed to reside in
Lismore or loiter about the streets. ... We feel confident that the
general public will readily see that this proposition is much more to be
desired than the present deplorable state of affairs.
31Jul30: Aborigines' Settlement. Not Wanted in Lismore. Citizens'
Emphatic Protest. 100 people gathered for Nimby argument. Full page
article. Ald Frith said almost all the aborigines of Dunoon had now
drifted back to North Lismore. ...The meeting should seek to have the
blacks kept outside the town and away from its temptations. Also they
should be kept out of reach of those whites who mixed with and
contaminated the aborigines. It was the desire of most townspeople that
the blacks should be well cared for outside the town boundaries. The
aborigine inhabitants had caused trouble in North Lismore and the problem
would not be solved by establishing a settlement in another part of the
town.
Continuing, Ald Frith said that a settlement at the Boundary Reserve would
immediately lessen the value of some 200 houses by
£150
to
£200
each... Conversely if the aborigines were removed from North Lismore,
property values there would increase...
...there was only one pure blooded aborigine to-day compared with ten 30
years ago and the problem to-day was not how to care for the aborigines
but to care for the half castes...
The meeting carried the motion "That the Lismore Council be asked to
back up its decision at its last meeting by taking immediate steps to have
the existing aborigine population of Lismore removed from anywhere near
the vicinity of the municipality. That other public bodies be asked to
cooperate, and action taken through Mr Missingham to further the objects
of the meeting."
Mr Hook blamed the present Lismore Council for the deplorable
conditions under which the abo's lived at North Lismore, where there were
50 living in three-roomed houses. The council and its officers might well
act under the health regulations...
6Aug30: Aborigines. Lismore Settlement. Condition of Houses.
Another council meeting. ...The health inspector (Mr J. Stewart)
submitted a lengthy report in which he estimated that there were between
110 and 120 aborigines in town. "They were never so well housed as at
present, their yards are almost free from refuse, and the pollution of the
yard soil is negligible compared with their surroundings when living in
camps."...
Ald W. Frith said that the health inspector had evaded the question.... at
a later stage in the meeting he would move that a committee accompany
the health inspector and inspect the buildings. "We'll never reach
finality if we wait for Mr Stewart."...
11Aug30: The Aborigines. Question of Site. Board Invites Suggestions.
Secretary Pettitt of Aborigines Protection Board advises Mr Missingham
that Wyrallah won't be pursued, but invites suggestions of suitable site.
... board was reluctantly compelled to abandon Dunoon Reserve, which
the aborigines only occupied about four days of the week, and then only
because of threat of prosecution in the event of their failure to keep
their children at school....
11Aug30: Council meeting re aborigines and Wyrallah. Mr Missingham
advised... " that the blacks were entitled to a share of the pleasures
of modern civilisation and the opportunity of getting work where it was
available." Council objects to being saddled with problem and it
should be left with APB.
12Aug30: Albert and Herbert Roberts, two aboriginals, stealing North
Lismore
15Aug30: 'Dusky Footballers'. Photo of 'Kyogle Blacks Football Team.'
23Aug30: Aboriginal Protection Board will not persist with Wyrallah in
face of opposition, and asks for suggestions for suitable site. North
Lismore objectors still agitating to have their unofficial settlement
removed.
8Dec30: Aborigines Fined. Kyogle Home. Laurie Brown, Percy Mercy, Teddie
King "being expelled persons (refused to work) did trespass upon
the aboriginal reserve at South Kyogle." + Andrew Donnelly, alias
Brandy Donnelly, aborigine, Casino.
9Dec30: "Deferred". Aborigines' Reserve. Missingham MLA advises of
letter from APB requesting advice from Lismore Council re location of
Reserve if not Wyrallah. Council wants it outside the Municipality
therefore someone else's problem.
16Dec30:
"Mercy", ' a blackman', residing Jimmy Nutta Singh's house Nth Lis.
5Jan31: Kyogle Aborigines. Christmas Festivities.
13Jan31: George Roberts, aged 67, aborigine, drunk.
15Jan31: T.M. Hewitt dies Lismore, aged 61. Miss Mary Hewitt Lismore,
sister.
30Jan31: 'Blackfellow's' name for Keerrong means foxground.
6Feb31: Aboriginal Intelligence.
10Feb31: Third worst flood on record. Aboriginals quartered at showground
under supervision of Messrs Pritchard and O'Meara. ...At the showground
Mr H. Pritchard has been a 'fairy godmother' to more than 150 refugees,
aborigines, Hindus and whites, who are destitute...
11Feb31: Record Flood. Tweed Heads. At Ukerebah Island aboriginal
settlement the natives were forced to abandon their homes on Thursday and
were found lodgings by the police in the Tweed Heads Literary Institute
and at the police buildings... The island has never previously been
covered. + Tribal Offences. Should not be tried by white men,
but by special court...
12Feb31: Aborigines' Settlement. APB now intend to go ahead with
Wyrallah in view of council failing to recommend alternate site. + work
commences on bridge over Blacks' Camp Creek in Kyogle district.
17Feb31: Not Wanted. Aboriginal Settlement. Conflicting Opinion.
Council debate about APB's decision to apply for 101 acres Wyrallah Road.
Ald W. Frith did not know any reason why Lismore should be the only
municipality on the North Coast with an aborigines' settlement inside its
borders. The North Lismore residents wanted to get the abos out of North
Lismore and the East Lismore residents did not want them. Ald S.R. Arthur
said his principal objective was to find a suitable place for the blacks
and take them out of the awful surroundings in North Lismore, where as
many as six families were living in one house.... Ald Hosie suggested
Goonellabah... and moved that the council emphatically protest
against the Wyrallah Road site and adhere to its previous proposal of a
site to the North of the town not less than three miles from the municipal
boundary.... and suggested the acquisition of a site on the road to
Keerrong, or, more westerly to the hills, the latter the preference. Ald
White... said The men would not work, the women would, and the latter
wanted to be near the town where their work was. The Wyrallah road site
would cost nothing, but if a site was wanted at Blakebrook it would be
found that the land would suddenly be worth about £70 an acre... but not
the council's business. Ald Hosie said that after a lapse of 20 years the
board had suddenly made up its mind to be wonderfully humane and
efficient. The board would, for instance, do on the Wyrallah road
something it had entirely failed to do before - keep the blacks on the
settlement and keep the despicable whites out of the settlement. The fact
that the board had allowed the blacks to congregate in North Lismore was
entirely due to the board's neglect...
23Feb31: East Lismore. Ratepayers' Protest. Aboriginal Settlement.
Rate payers informed that APB had applied to Govt to convert a reserve at
the boundary of the municipality at East Lismore and Gundurimba Shire.
Mr V.B. MacDermot suggested an area at South Gundurimba known as the Flood
Refuge Reserve comprising about 90 acres.... This situation would be most
suitable because the board had stated that the trouble with the recent
settlement at Dunoon was the lack of water in which the aborigines could
bathe. ... All that seemed to appeal to the board was the fact that the
land would cost nothing and the board were generous enough to say they
would spend £500 to house about 500 aborigines. The board stipulated that
the black population required to be near the town in order that the women
could earn sufficient for their husbands and children, and this together
with the child endowment and a grant from the Government, would enable
them to live in comfort....
24Feb31: Letter to Ed from MacDermott. ...the Wyrallah settlement...will
not only create a public nuisance, but will be a formidable menace to the
numerous families who are settled in the immediate vicinity of the
reserve, and will also have the effect of substantially decreasing the
selling value ...
25Feb31: Editorial East Lismore's Protest. Admonishes council for
leaving decision to APB.... Any student of aboriginal custom knows that
it is an elemental trait in the nature of the black man that he will not
walk too far for his bath.... More water Dunoon than East Lismore...
the Dunoon settlement was a failure and gradually the aborigines wandered
back to their favourite haunts at North Lismore. Old residents have
expressed the opinion that nothing less than physical violence will move
the aborigines from North Lismore, for they seem to have grown up with the
place; it is near to town and they are near the river....
27Feb31: 150 attend protest meeting over APB's Wyrallah decision.
28Feb31: Strong Protest. Aborigines' Settlement at East Lismore.
Representative Meeting. 150 attend public meeting Richmond Hall. Decision
to recommend to APB that the existing settlement of 112 acres at Cabbage
Tree Island was the best place for Lismore's aborigines. Mayor says Dunoon
unrecoverable as most of the reserve had been sold and only 20 acres
remained. ...East Lismore property values would decrease by 50 0r 100
per cent .... children will pass Wyrallah reserve every day on the
way to school, and it was not desirable to have the aborigines going
backwards and forwards. There were 101 acres, 50 per cent of which was
swamp, and not fit for habitation, even for aborigines... What was the
good of that to 500 people?... In the Grafton area they were placed on
Cabbage Tree Island and in the Kyogle district at Stoney Gully. Lismore
was the only place in which aborigines were housed in shanties and under
insanitary conditions... There were other sites at Gundurimba, Tuncester
and Caniaba... It was stated that the aborigines would not stop at Cabbage
Tree Island or Stoney Gully, and that many of those in Lismore had drifted
in from there.... Canon A.G. Moore suggested the Australian Board of
Missions should take over.
3Mar31: Victor King,
aborigine aged 18, living at Cameron's Nth Lis and looking for
work. + Brother Daniel King. + Billy Babu of Tuncester.
5Mar31: Aborigines. Result of Census. Working in Country. Stats
1921-30.
11Mar31: APB inspector on his way after representation by Missingham MLA
14Mar31: Letter to Ed from MacDermott. Aborigines already beginning to
squat Wyrallah and erect 'camp'
18Mar31: Care for Aborigines. Government Policy.
18Mar31: The Mayor's Vote. The Aborigines Question. Ald Arthur
responsible for encouraging aborigines to move to Wyrallah Rd. Casting
vote of Mayor prevents council officers from removing them. Mr Wade and Mr
Pollard already leasing the place from council.
18Mar31: Aborigines. At Wyrallah Road. Council Discussion. Wyrallah
rd site was originally a town common. ...The aborigines had every right
to go there for recreation, but not to camp, and had no right to deposit
building materials there.... Ald Arthur said the aborigines were to be
turned out out of North Lismore and the council was asked six months ago
to find a site. The council talked of doing the humane thing for the
unemployed, but were they going to turn the aborigines out into the
street? They could not pay the rent and every bit of land they had had was
taken from them. The cemetery hill area at North Lismore was given to
returned soldiers and the Dunoon settlement was sold...
2Apr31: Premier Lang advises Missingham MLA that family endowment for
persons of coloured blood... will now be administered differently.
19Apr31: Letter to Ed from Pastor Tomkins, Baptist, Sth Lis. Something
must be done... conditions deplorable Nth Lis
20Mar31: Letter to Ed from 'Protest'. Nimby stuff.
1Apr31: Extreme Urgency. Aborigines' Site. Council and Board.
Health inspector's report to council. Ald Frith said the blacks were
building gunyahs at Wyrallah Road and on whose authority were they sent
there? Ald Arthur said the board is aware they are there, and have
promised to send up tents.
7Apr31: Accommodation for Aborigines. What the Camera Shows. Letter to
Ed from Arthur Martin with 4 photos of corrugated iron tents at Wyrallah.
9Apr31: Inspector Smithers of the APB arrives
9Apr31: Aborigines' Board. Inspector's Visit. Meetings at Lismore.
... the APB previously promised £1200 to house the aborigines. Blacks from
Cabbage Tree Island already made their way to Lismore.... This raise
the question of whether they will ever be induced to leave their present
'address', North Lismore. Alderman consider 2 sites of 2 acres and 8
acres of private land Nth Lis. One was suggested as a site by the police
twelve months ago and is on the river bank on the Lismore side of the
Robert White bridge. The other is on the far side of the bridge across
from the old quarry reserve.
10Apr31: Board's Limited Power. Aborigines' Inspector at Lismore.
Battle of the Sites. APB had no power to compel aborigines to settle
on any site. APB still favours Wyrallah but public protest meeting again
recommends Cabbage Tree Island. Ald Hosie said Why did the board allow
the aborigines to come to Lismore at all? The people of Lismore object to
a settlement close to town. The aborigines like the bright lights, but the
towns have been constructed and maintained by the whites who pay rates and
taxes. If the greatest town on the North Coast is to have a settlement,
blacks will come from Cabbage Tree Island, Palm Island and the Tweed....
Ald Arthur asked if a settlement were provided, what would become of the
aborigines remaining in town? They were living on private property, and
not being able to pay the rents, the landlords were putting them out into
the streets. ... Ald Arthur said the aborigines have said they would
rather spend their time in gaol before they go to Cabbage Tree Island...
11Apr31: Aborigines Site. Apparently compromise with temporary
settlement on 2 acres near cemetery, with APB providing tents.
13Apr31: Ald White resigns over electricity and in recontesting seat at
by-election says I am apparently the only man in Lismore satisfied to
have the aborigines near him.
14Apr31: Aborigines' Site. More Opposition. North Lismore Petition.
Petition of 150 Nth Lis residents object temporary solution. Mayor says 10
acre reserve Tuncester best bet... on the left on the Casino road,
immediately past where the railway crossed the road and on the other side
of the station. Health inspector says closing orders have been drafted
for a premises in Terania Street occupied by aborigines.
15Apr31: Council meeting. Telegram sent to Missingham MLA to approach
Minister for Lands to preserve Wyrallah Rd site.
16Apr31: George Roberts, aborigine, drunk.
28Apr31: Another flood... 200 residents of North Lismore, including
residents, unemployed and aborigines sheltered at the showground...
12May31: Through want of accommodation, a number of blacks evicted from
premises at North Lismore, are camped under the Robert White Bridge....
The board should be severely censured for the way they have treated the
aborigines in Lismore, remarked Ald Arthur...
26May31: Missingham MLA meets deputation of Lismore aborigines at
Robert White bridge and remarked that several had rather well-know
Scotch names, such as McKenzie, Cameron, Ferguson, etc.
'Dorroughby means 'soft mud' and 'Terania' means 'Green Frog'
26May31: Council meeting. APB advises funds available for housing. But in
meantime tents had been forwarded for temporary accom. Police report no
land available at Lismore for tents, also that the aborigines refused
to go to Dunoon or Cabbage Tree Island. The Mayor stated in regard to a
site that objections had been made for the use of the gravel reserve near
the cemetery....
26May31: Aborigines Want To Live In Or Near Their Native Town -
Lismore. ...All were against going either to Cabbage Tree Island or Stoney
Gulley Settlements and stated that they wanted to be near Lismore, which
was the native town of most of them, and in which town many of the younger
women folk had employment... Three photos of aborigines and shelters
with captions. One group of 18 males + chief spokesman Alex Cameron and
family. 'Monty', known locally as one-time king of the blacks...
has built a so-called hut on the bank of the creek... hessian bags
over wooden frame.
16Jun31: 70 aborigines hold corroboree Tenterfield. 1500 people watch
16Jun31: APB confirms that proposed Wyrallah Road reserve definitely
abandoned. Temporarily the aborigines are being housed in tents
on portion of the travelling stock, water and camping reserve at
Tuncester... 5 families already living there.
18Jun31: Six families now Tuncester. Some of the aborigines are housed
in tents and others in structures erected with the timber, donated by
North Lismore residents, and carted from the Wyrallah-road reserve...
7Jul31: Police entrapment. Give aborigine marked coins to go and attempt
to buy booze at Lismore pubs.
14Jul31: Tweed-Lismore Pastures Protection Board agree to extend approval
of Tuncester pending finalization of swap for the Dunoon land. Aborigines
to get portion of Tuncester reserve, 5 or 6 acres, for whole of Dunoon. APB to erect
galvanised iron fence around reserve so that travelling stock will not
be interfered with.
10Aug31: East Lismore Ratepayers Assoc request APB to move Dunoon school
building to Tuncester
14Sep31: Missingham MLA advises Tuncester still under control Pastures
Protection Board and APB awaiting final dedication for aborigines before
erecting any buildings.
6Oct31: Woodenbong = Waddenbun = deep waters.
19Oct31: Aboriginal skull Ewingsdale.
24Nov31: Native names. Cobewoy, Keeberahs, Mungil...
8Dec31: Mayor Ross just scrapes home in council elections and refers to
opposition of East Lismore Ratepayers to his candidature because of
support for Aborigine reserve Wyrallah Road. But claims he
organised Tuncester.
12Dec31: Long list of Native names of local places.
22Jan32: Rosie Combo, aged 90, of Ulugundhai
settlement, last survivor of Liegeri tribe of lower Clarence.
1Feb32: Teresa Kapeen, single aborigine girl, has room in yard of Jimmy
Nutta Singh's place, Nth Lis.
10Feb32: APB advises no finance for building Tuncester.
16Mar32: The deplorable conditions under which the aborigines live on
the Tuncester reserve are living.... Ministers Fraternal write council
and APB. Want immediate steps to provide shelter.
22Mar32: Aborigines. Like Dogs in
Kennels. Lismore Conditions. Council discuss letter from Meeting of
Ministers' Fraternal. The aborigines camped on the Tuncester reserve
live under deplorable conditions. Some sleep under lantana bushes, others
crawl like dogs under low kennel-like covers. Whole families, all sexes
and ages, live in small shanties under conditions unsatisfactory from a
moral and hygienic point of view. ... Council to write to APB who have
no funds.
30Mar32: Aboriginal cricketers Kyogle. Two teams. Names given.
23Apr32: Letter from S.G. Tomkins, sec of Ministers' Fraternal. ...From
the report of the council's meeting appearing in the Star it appears that
at least one Alderman, Ald J.C. McIntosh (Jnr - lawyer), has
completely misunderstood the attitude of the Ministers' Fraternal....
quotes letter sent 15Mar to council... Possibly Ald McIntosh was absent
from the council meeting when this letter was read. ... It was upon the
suggestion of the Mayor that the Fraternal deferred taking immediate
direct action by correspondence with the Aborigines' Protection Board....
I would suggest that little or no notice be taken of the reported
statement of an inspector of the Aborigines' Protection Board regarding
the unsuitability of the Tuncester site. The same inspector is reported to
have said other foolish things...
19May32: Mr Smithers of the APB visits and advises no money, but huts to
be built and school Dunoon transferred to Tuncester ASAP.
27May32: Missingham, Mayor and Vincent MLA, member for Raleigh and member
of APB, visit Tuncester.
1Jun32: In the Days of Yore. Aboriginal Rights. Letter from 'Old
Hand' of Casino. ...The local aborigines were a magnificent race,
care-free, well fed and of fine physique. That they were numerous is
evidenced by the number of 'bora rings' around Casino.
There was a perfect example of a bora ring in Mr H. Wallace's paddock
only two miles from Casino. Another large ring was on the hill at Dobie's
Bight on what was known as Palmer's farm, now Rooney's, while Busby's and
Montgomery creeks had bora rings...
A shepherd in charge of a flock on Invercauld, just outside Lismore, and
his hut-keeper, also were killed. Retribution was, however, quickly
carried into execution when the raiders were tracked across to Tucki Tucki
and justice dealt out in the rough and ready fashion then in vogue.
Blacks were at first blamed for the murder of a woman and two children at
Deep Creek outstation on Mongogorie Creek but a white man was subsequently
charged...
Fifty of sixty years ago at corroboree time it was quite common to see 300
or 400 aborigines together.
1Jun32: 6 acre Aborigine Reserve Tuncester officially removed from control
of Pastures Protection Board.
9Jun32: Policeman hurt riot Nth Lis. ...The rumpus started in Terania
Street and many blacks were involved in a brawl which warmed up as blows
were aimed from all angles....
10Jun32: 6 aborigines from Cabbage Tree Island Settlement arrested....
The darkies came to town for a 'day out' at the football match between the
Englishmen and Far North Coast.... William Moukland, Jack Cook, Alec
Ferguson, Walter Page, Lyle Roberts, Frank Roberts. Last also charged with
insulting words to cousin Alice Heron and Hindu Charlie Nundah.
Roberts' father living Nth Lis.
17Jun32: Abos and the Drink. Letter from E.J. Dalley, manager
Cabbage Tree.... Lismore Abos' wholly to blame...
5Jul32: Aborigine claims he is Portugese and served in pub.
12/13Jul32: Alderman White obituary.
30Sep32: Alick Vesper, aborigine, aged 40, of Stoney Gulley Reserve
Kyogle, visiting Tuncester when Inspector Smithers of the APB and Allan
Cameron, manager Maclean Aborigine Station, turned up. Said All your
------ managers are rotten and they have been robbing the aborigines for
years.... Charged with 'insulting words'.
17Nov32: Aborigine's Ball Kyogle. CWA organising to raise money for
xmas tree and new dormitory at Aborigines' Home
15Dec32: Cabbage Tree Island xmas party. All under 20 will get gift.
Manager E.J. Dalley
17Dec32: Novel Entertainment by Aborigines. 350 aborigines attend
Kyogle Memorial Hall. From South Kyogle, Woodenbong, Coraki, Cabbage Tree
Island, Tweed Heads, Tabulam, Lismore and Qld.
28Dec32: Tatham Blacks. Observance of the Law. Article No3 by 'Native'
5Jan33: Victor King,
half caste, robbery and assault.
14Jan33: Abos at Law. Alleged Insulting Words. Miss Girlie Gundy of
Nth Lis and Herbert Roberts of Tuncester.
2Feb33: Obituary Missingham MLA
7Feb33: Corroboree at Alstonville Show. Participants from Cabbage Tree
Island.
22Mar33: United Aborigines' Mission meeting Lismore propose erection of
dwelling Tuncester for Missioner Tinsley and wife.
3Jun33: United Aborigines' Mission. Still discussing residence
Tuncester + a hall which will double as a church. Six or seven new huts
now added to reserve to complement buildings erected by Lismore
Council. Three of the huts build with voluntary labour and APB provided
money for materials. Mr Tinsley also reported the spiritual work to
these dark people was progressing favourably. The aborigines took an
interest in the meetings held in the open air....
14Jun33: Trespass Aborigine Reserve Stoney Creek. Albert Holden, Thomas
Little, selling booze and stealing. + Casino Hospital wants APB money to
erect separate Aborigine Ward at hospital as part of
£15,000
building scheme.
19Jun33: Governor Sir Philip and Lady Game entertained by a corroboree at
Tabulam. A special feature of the Tabulam visit was the presentation of
the aboriginalty royalty of the district. 'King Mundine and 'Queen' Ponjum,
with 'Prince' Harry Walker.... and Queen Ponjum's special appeal to Sir
Philip just before saying goodbye for an extra blanket for the winter is
going to receive His Excellency's special attention. She explained
that she had adopted a piccaninny, whose mother had died, and as she
feared the winter was going to be a very cold one, the 'blackfellow baby'
would require more warmth...
2Aug33: Editorial Tuncester. The people of Lismore cannot disassociate
themselves from all responsibility for the present conditions which are a
disgrace to a civilised and a professedly Christian community. People are
inclined to laugh at the aborigine and to ignore the just claim the race
has upon Britishers to get at least British justice. The aborigines' only
crime lies in the fact that when Captain Cook....
3Aug33: Tweed All Blacks play Wallaroos Coleman's Point, Lismore
4Aug33: Abo. Wedding at Tuncester Camp. ...The bride was Miss
Evelyn Victoria Kay and the bridegroom Mr Andrew Ferguson. The bridesmaid
was Mrs Lucy Lomas and the bestman, Mr William King, was also the bride's
uncle and gave her away. The Rev R. MacKenna performed the ceremony and
the Matron and the school teacher at the camp, Mrs Hiscocks, assisted with
a christening ceremony afterwards, about 14 (or 34?) piccaninnies
being christened.... Some white people who were present could not fail to
note the good humour of the aborigines despite avoidable hardships due
most depressing surroundings.... +Photo.
5Aug33: Plight of Aborigines. Meeting of Lismore Auxiliary of
the United Aborigines' Mission. ... Mr Tinsley reported on Tuncester.
Influenza epidemic in region. Huts have no board flooring. Intense cold
and dampness.
9Aug33: Lismore Minister's Fraternal again debate conditions Tuncester
17Aug33: Deplorable Conditions On Aborigines' Reserve. Herded Like
Animals. Mud Floors to Sleep On. Large article. 3 photos. LMF visit
with Inspector of Police and Lismore Councillors. ... The old Dunoon
Road School is situated near the entrance.... The reserve consists of
about 6 acres on the creek, partly fenced with galvanised iron, at a cost
of
£45
- at the request of the Pastures Protection Board, which insisted on this
being done. This money would have been better spent in flooring the huts,
which are in a deplorable and insanitary condition in wet weather. The
water is reported to be inches dep in some huts at times, and has to be
bailed out. The ground is mostly flat, with 'melon holes' in which the
water collects.... The population varies considerably. At present there
are about 84 in residence, but there are sometimes more. The Aborigines'
Protection Board's grant for building material only amounted to
£25....
Mr Tinsley, with the assistance of voluntary workers, erected five wooden
huts, 8ft by 8ft and one building 16ft by 12ft. The Lismore Municipal
Council supplied the material, and erected eight galvanised iron huts 12ft
by 12ft, at a cost of about
£85.
There are also two larger huts privately owned. At least six more huts are
required to house those at present living in gunyahs. One middle-aged
married couple's only shelter consists of half a tank, with one end cut
out. They do not possess any bunks, and apparently very little clothing.
Some of the people have beds or bunks; others, even in wet weather, must
sleep on the ground. .... Jack Berry is the oldest inhabitant at present.
'Monty', well-known in Lismore, proudly displayed an old cane lounge and
wicker chair - which evidently gives him a high social standing in the
community. Scotch names seem to be in favour in this reserve....
17Aug33: Broken headstone of Peter Cunningham Pagan, Tabulam pioneer
speared by blacks 1841.
1Sep33: Jack Roberts, aged 57, dies Cabbage Tree Island. Presbyterian
funeral Lismore
2Sep33: United Aborigines' Mission discuss Tuncester
6Sep33: Cabbage Tree Island Rugby League Team 18-all draw with Clarence River Aborigine
team. Photo.
20Sep33: Curley Williams, full-blood aboriginal of Bonalbo.
3Oct33: Zara Khan has
unsightly sheds on property Johnstone St North Lismore. Divided into
seven domiciles, all erected without council approval. Two occupied
by Hindus, two by Europeans and aborigines, and three solely by
aborigines. The tent is occupied by Hindus - making a total of eight
households. I estimate that there are 22 persons staying on the premises,
said the health inspector. ...If the council does not take some action
in the matter we will have the same trouble as we experienced some time
ago, said Ald. S. Arthur. When one or two aborigines were given permission
to camp along the river bank all the others wanted to do the same. The
council now had a definite settlement and the aborigines should be made to
stay there.... One lot of buildings in North Lismore the speaker described
as a terrace of shacks. That a very strict inspection should be made by
the health inspector of fruit handled by Hindus and aborigines was the
opinion expressed by Ald. G. Krauss. Some of this fruit, he declared, was
taken into bedrooms at night, and hawked around for sale the next day....
On the suggestion of Ald Eggins it was decided that the health inspector
should be instructed to visit Tuncester and submit a report on whether the
buildings there were sufficient to house the aborigines... + State of
unemployment camps at Albert Park.
23Oct33: APB advises Frith MLA that 'serious consideration to be given to
providing adequate housing Tuncester', but still insufficient funds.
7Nov33: Aborigines supplied booze Wardell in plan to disorganise their
cane cutting team.
8Nov33: 'Sergeant' George Becket, aborigine tracker, dies Cabbage Tree
Island
11Nov33: United Aborigine Mission meeting. Plan to hold concert to raise
funds for a hall Tuncester.
13Nov33: Aboriginal cane cutting gang Wardell plied with booze by rivals.
24Nov33: Lilly James, young aboriginal woman, assaults policeman Lismore.
...The police had had a lot of trouble with the aborigines, stated the
constable. On Tuesday night they had had a call to Tuncester to quell a
disturbance, and had found several of the residents holding a sort of
corroboree...
2Dec33: Aborigine Concert Cabbage Tree Island. Mavis Combo most talented.
14Dec33: Christmas treat Cabbage Tree Island by Girl's Auxiliary of
Presbyterian Women's Guild. ...The school children rendered several
patriotic songs.... The people there were honest, industrious and very
clean, and visitors could go into any house at any time and find it
spotless. They heartily appreciated the gifts and kindness of the Ballina
people.... Mavis Combo, Emily Roberts, Donald Bolt, Donald Daley, Jane
Bolt, Colin Kapeen, Tom Roberts, Fletcher Roberts prize winners. Photos.
28Dec33: Article on 125 acre Cabbage Tree Island. 3 photos. Settled late
1880s by Jack Roach, Sam Cook, Jack Roberts, Jack Kapeen and Ben Bolt and
families. Combo Bros arrived later and started cultivation. Children
initially travelled by boat to Wardell school. Longest manager/teacher was
Mr Calwell (who married previous teacher Miss Black). Served 19yrs.
Current manager/teacher Mr E.J. Daley been there 3yrs. 27 pupils and
average population of 110. Football team. Cane cutting gang under H. Combo
do other farms as well as own.
10Jan34: Casey Gundy,
aboriginal child of Terania St, Nth Lis, fell off horse.
11Jan33: Black-Tracker Robinson searching for escaped prisoner near
Casino.
3Feb34: Meeting of Lismore Auxiliary of the United Aborigines' Mission. Mr
G. Tinsley reports on Tuncester. So far raised
£11
for hall.
17Feb34: About 50 'full bloods' prospecting for gold at Pretty Gulley near
Drake. Jack Irwin and Robin Walker in altercation. Irwin was recently
retired after 30yrs as a black tracker in Woodenbong district and
step-father of Bella Walker (aka Williams) whose16yr old dau Doreen at
Tabulam.
3May34: Doris Pomeroy, a 19yr old aborigine girl, stabbed under bridge
Casino.
4May34: £1200
now available to APB to build new 2-roomed houses at Tuncester and
alleviate the appalling conditions, but now find no land available -
reserve too small. Intend to ask Pastures Protection Board for another 12
acres. In wet weather the existing aborigine's reserve becomes a
quagmire of black, puggy soil. The small galvanised iron shelters in which
the residents live have earthern floors which are often affected by
soakage, and they are without windows or fire places. The aborigines of
Lismore generally are reported to be taking an interest in the Tuncester
Reserve, a great number of those at present living in shacks within the
municipality, at North Lismore and South Lismore, desiring to reside there....
School now opposite side of road to reserve and run by Mrs Hiscocks.
9May34: Lilly James, aborigine, charged with assault of Doris Doti (aka
Pomeroy) South Casino.
15May34: Police Inspector Ennis addresses Pastures Protection Board and
passes letter from Aborigines' Protection Board. PPB refuses to release
any more land and regrets previous 6 acres. ...the interests of the
stockowners would be better served if the board was relieved of the
tenancy of the aborigines. The presence of the dogs at the camp, and the
fact that the fence had not been completed, hampered the operations of the
drovers who placed cattle in the reserve. It was considered that the
elevated portion of land on the southern side of the road would provide
more congenial conditions for the blacks. Inspector Ennis said there had
been a lot of controversy about the blacks and their location. He went on
to describe the conditions under which the blacks lived and added that
during an inspection he carried out on the reserve he went over his boot
straps in mud. The board had given him permission to spend £1200 on the
erection of new homes.... Continuing, Inspector Ennis said the had been in
various parts of the State, but the conditions under which the blacks have
to live here were the worst he had encountered....
24May34: Letter to Editor. 3000 'full bloods' NSW. ...these settlements
or mission stations - or whatever you call them by - are generally in
close proximity to the white settlers, where the native has every
opportunity of learning our vices. To pass judgement on these fine people,
after encountering the few stragglers met with around our towns, is most
unjust....
2Jun34: Ministers Fraternal need to raise another
£15 to start work on
hall Tuncester.
9Jun34: 80 people from Rous Mill visit Cabbage Tree Island - arranged by
local P & C. Mr Crowther of Numulgi present. Probable Labour candidate
elections.
16Jun34: It is a disgrace to the Government and to the people of the
district to allow the aborigines to live under such appalling conditions -
Mayor Ross after visit to Tuncester. He had been disgusted, he went
on, to find a father, mother, and seven or eight children living in the
tiny humpies.... Says Pastures Protection wrong and extra land could
easily be made available.
19Jun34: Frith MLA to take up the Tuncester land problem + Mrs Snow
relates story of 3 day battle between Richmond and Clarence blacks at
present Ballina Lighthouse site. + Letter to Editor - 90 to 100 men ,
women, children living Tuncester.
20Jun34: Boy Scouts Lismore organise clothing appeal for Tuncester.
21Jun34: Letter to Editor re Tuncester. About time something done. + Frith
MLA addresses Chief Secretary in parliament re Tuncester.... In many
cases, said Mr Frith, they are living eight families to a tiny hut...
Chief Sec says efforts in hand to secure suitable area due PPB objections.
22Jun34: Mayor Ross happy with Frith MLA and plans made for he and council
and 'interested townspeople' to visit Tuncester Sunday. And will bring
donations of money, fruit, sweets and biscuits...
25Jun34: Photos and article on 'picnic' Tuncester. 150 Lismoreians attend
and saw conditions under which 85 coloured residents are housed.
Church service already in progress by Pastor Tinsley, who also visits
Cabbage Tree and Coraki reserves, and said there were 25 Christians in
Tuncester. + L to E by Kaaenburrah re district aborigines.
3Jul34: Rev James of Kyogle suggests distributing Tuncester aborigines
between Stoney Gully and Woodenbong Reserves.
5Jul34: Mayor Ross says Rev James suggestion not practical because of
'attitude' of Tuncester aborigines - 'They were intent upon
remaining in the vicinity of Lismore'. Also rejected Cabbage Tree
Island.
7Jul34: Ministers Fraternal consider smaller version of mission hall and
no minister's residence Tuncester.
8Aug34: Brass plaque found Tulk's farm Wyrallah inscribed Peter Belmy,
King of Yerally, Gindenbar and Gundurimba. Decorated in corners with
Emu and Kangaroo. Early days Wyrallah aborigine named 'Nosey Peter' wore a
similar plaque. He died 50yrs ago.
21Aug34: Robert Mundy, middle aged aborigine, hit by lorry near Leycester
Creek bridge.
24Sep34: Bennie Simes, aborigine hurt in brawl with other aborigines South
Casino.
11Oct34: Mr J.P. Howard, manager of both Stony Gully and Tuncester
reserves.
16Oct34: Hannah of Stony Gully Aborigine Settlement exhibits quilts made of
scrap material.
29Sep34: Death of Harrian Bungaree, aged 69, at La Perouse, last 'pure
full blooded native woman resident there.' Born and lived
Ballina. Adopted by Mr and Mrs C. Jarrett ...It was the usual thing in
the sixties that nearly every white family had a black gin to do the rough
work about the house... Photo. Two children Teddy and Lena. Teddy
worked at the Northern Star. Lena in service of Justice Stephen in Sydney.
27Oct34: Mayor Ross hands petition to Frith MLA signed by aborigines
protesting against supervision of the Tuncester camp by a manager. APB
approaching Lands Dept re more space for housing.
29Oct34: Frith MLA receives reply from APB re Tuncester petition
protesting against the supervision of the camp by a manager. ...Having
carefully investigated the position at Tuncester, the board has
ascertained that of the aborigines now residing there the large majority
do not belong to the district, having removed from other aboriginal
stations where there was permanent supervision, and it is the board's
desire that they return thereto when suitable accommodation will be
provided for them and they will be able to live under proper conditions.
30Oct34: Victor King, aborigine, assaulted and robbed Hindu Gursam Singh
Nth Lismore.
5Nov34: Robert Hozlhauser, aged 23, 'illegally lodging with Aborigines
North Lismore.'
29Nov34: There was no justification for statements that aborigines at
Tuncester were treated in an unsatisfactory manner regarding rations,
declared the New South Wales Police Commissioner (Mr W.H. Childs), while
in Lismore yesterday. Mr Childs requested the 'Northern Star' to
contradict a report that the Aborigines' Protection Board was starving the
aborigines at Tuncester by depriving them of their rations. The facts of
the matter were that most of these people were entitled to family
endowment allowances. They would not take the orders which the board,
through its officers, issued to them for rations, clothing and any other
necessities. They wanted the money to spend. .... Mr J.P. Howard,
manager Tuncester, said that there was an accumulation of funds to the
credit of a number of aborigines because they would not take the orders,
which would entitle them to necessities. They wanted to be handed the
money. They went around the town saying that they had nothing on which to
live. It would be seen that such was not the case.
4Dec34: Minnie Crommelin, aboriginal woman, insulted Terania St.
7Dec34: Victor King, half caste aboriginal, 18mths hard labour for assault
Gursain Singh.
12Dec34: James O'Brien supplies booze to aborigines North Lismore.
22Dec34: George Roberts, 68yr old full-blooded aboriginal of Sth Lismore
2Jan35: 25 aboriginal
children Stony Gully, Christmas treat
22Jan35: Henry Bonner, 19yr old aborigine of Tuncester
25Jan35: Cessy Cook and Douglas Thompson marry Cabbage Tree Island.
27Aug58: 250 citizens of
North
Lismore protest against moving Cubawee
(Tuncester) aboriginal reserve to North Lis.
Lismore
Chronicle.
29Sep04 (or
05?): James Henry Cappa, the Aboriginal King of Alstonville and its
Dependencies….
7Apr05:
Harry Capps – the Aboriginal King of Alstonville… His Ebonised Majesty.
Mullum Star
Uncharacteristically
quiet on the aborigines. Through to WW1 there were only four ‘full
blooded’ individuals identified; Jimmy Merrylegs, Jack Crofton, John
Black and ‘Geelong’.
‘Geelong’ is probably
the Byron Bay identity ‘Cheelong’ who was employed on the farm of Charlie
Jarrett for many years, at least from the late 1800s, and could do any
class of work with the best white man. Merrylegs was more of a Murbah
identity and died there 17Apr1919 aged 43.
The 1901 census taker
found aboriginal camps of 6 ‘tents’ at Coorabell and 4 at Tyagarah.
A police census of
1911 shows 4 living in Mullum and a further 2 camped in the wider Mullum
police district. By 1913, the census showed none in Mullum and only one
left in the rural countryside. In early 1918 the Star carried the simple
statement ‘Jimmy Pannikin is dead’, in ‘Brief Mentions’ column.
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