Electoral Statistics

ANNEX Ae

Electoral Roll - Federal Electorate of Richmond

Subdivision	1917	1921	1922	1925	1926	1928	1928 -/+	1930	1931	Apr32	Apr33 (+sup)	Jul34	Feb35	Oct36	Aug37	Jan38	May39	Jan41
(Tweed-Brunswick)
Byron Bay	1598	1784	1940	2052	1971	2065	-447 +541	3155	3056	3357	3766	3291 (3369)	3343	3398	3374	3357	3303	3315
Mullumbimby	1370	1774	1872	1834	1673	1650	-446 +423	1878	1842	2031	2344	2171 (2194)	2168	2233	2402	2421	2422	2500
Murwillumbah	3873	4298	4664	5147	4875	4966	-1215 +1306	5060	4928	5378	6072	6083 (6285)	6228	6457	6588	6631	6655	6822
Tweed Heads	1516	2160	2265	2196	1815	1980	-427 +602	2085	1925	2289	2637	2548 (2603)	2591	2518	2491	2489	2462	2598
Sub Total	8357	10,016	10,741	11,229	10,334	10,661	-2535 +2872	12,178	11,751	13,055	*14,819*	14,093	14,330	14,606	14,855	14,898	14,842	15,235
(Richmond)
Alstonville	1605	1558	1671	2033	2157	1708	-835 +386	1378	1450	1330	1558
Ballina	2735	2496	2703	2904	2805	2883	-637 +715	1873	1813	2016	2339	3440 (3450)	3401	3355	3422	3445	3423	3522
Casino	4062	4101	4145	4484	4515	4660	-968 +1113	5600	5056	5766	6600	6033 (6145)	6028	6254	6310	6305	6387	6477
Coraki	1258	1196	1264	1330	1231	1216	-393 +378	1182	1092	1215	1378
Eltham								2371	2260	2478	2833	2523 (2565)	2535	2587	2570	2549	2521	2593
Kyogle	1760	2015	2104	2491	2391	3196	-483 +1288	3293	3475	3072	3527	3514 (3629)	3602	3547	3621	3709	3920	4884
Lismore	8784	8985	9496	9759	9703	10,231	-2088 +2616	7427	7187	7492	8823	7631 (7878)	7748	8464	8606	8796	9015	9147
Nimbin								836	812	926	1104	1007 (1014)	962	959	950	958	936
Woodburn South	1862	1573	1639	1679	1674	1662	-362 +350	1897	1860	1963	2189	3381 (3404)	3374	3357	3413	3433	3450	3493
Acacia Creek	491	490	507	535	470	561	-60 +151	1020	932	1128	1348	1385 (1424)	1382	1284	1301	1284	1382
Drake	775	876	917	1049	990	1061	-219 +290	1171	1070	1208	1473	1505 (1560)	1527	1619	1565	1586	1575
Wilsons Downfall	458	415	419	420	299	303	-78 +82
Bonalbo																		3533
Sub Total	23,790	23,705	24,865	26,684	26,235	27,481	-6123 +7369	28,048	27,007	28,594	*33,172*	30,419	30,559	31,426	31,758	32,065	32,609	33,649
(Remainder)
Deepwater			964	919	827	887	-156 +216	1749	1679	1747	1964	1754 (1836)	1822	1826	1782	1782	1797	1834
Emmaville			875	808	811	856	-137 +182
Glen Innes												3476 (3576)	3495	3453	3373	3362	3380	3320
Tenterfield	2190	2103	2132	2159	2221	2344	-399 +522	2557	2384	2563	2821	2729 (2745)	2674	2737	2707	2704	2680	2697
Sub Total	2190	2103	3971	3886	3859	4087	-692 +920	4306	4063	4310	4785	7959	7991	8016	7862	7848	7857	7851
Total Master Roll	34,337	35,824	39,577	41,799	40,428	42,229	-9350 +11,161		42,821	45,959	45,959	52,471	52,880	54,048	54,475	54,811	55,308	56,735
+Supplementary Roll	35,352			44,087	42,998	50,164			54,107	47,278	52,766	56,031	56,049	56,925		56,328	64,799	59,419
Total Alternate Sources*	34,398	33,992 (1919)	39,802	43,121		42,726	42,512 (1929)	44,532	46,080			53,404			54,884			57,015
Votes cast	24,541
NSW

Note: 1. The Northern Star quoted the number of electors on the roll in 1917 as 34,398 and in 1919 as 33,921 with no boundary changes. Other sources say 33,992 in 1919 with 22,661 votes cast. There's no published master roll or supplementary roll for the 1919 election. (In 1914 there were 35,378 on the roll but no election as Massy-Greene was returned unopposed. In 1913 34,766 on roll and 24,750 votes recorded. In 1910 31,371 on roll and 18,634 voted.)
*See Dr Adam Carr’s election summaries at http://psephos.adam-carr.net:80/ for alternate numbers:

1901=10,054	1928 = 42,726 (-00.9%)	1954 39,237 (+01.5)	* = Boundary Adjustment/Redistribution
1903 = 18,986 (+88.8%)	1929 = 42,512 (-00.5%)	1955* 41,710 (+06.3)
1906* = 25,916 (+36.5%)	1931 = 46,080 (+08.4%)	1958 41,516 (-00.5)
1910 = 31,371 (+21.0%)	1934* = 53,404 (+15.9%)	1961 42,036 (+01.3)
1913* = 34,766 (+10.8%)	1937 = 54,987 (+03.0%)	1963 41,955 (-00.2)
1914 = 35,378 (+01.8%)	1940 = 56,754 (+03.2%)	1966 41,959 (+00.0)
1917 = 34,398 (-02.8%)	1943 = 56,946 (+00.3%)	1969* 49,749 (+18.6)
1919 = 33,992 (-01.2%)	1946 = 59,969 (+05.3%)	1972 52,917 (+06.4)
1922* = 39,803 (+17.1%)	1949* = 38,567 (-35.7%)	1974 59,428 (+12.3)
1925 = 43,121 (+08.3%)	1951 = 38,646 (+00.2%)	1975 62,509 (+05.2)

2. The late 1928 election saw a record number of names expunged from the roll and new names added, and while there was a further slight loss in 1929, the period marked a return to stability in the dairy industry and the start of the influx of itinerants, all perhaps implying the Paterson Butter Scheme was restoring confidence in butter and/or people were hitting the road from the Sydney/Newcastle area on rumours of work available with the rail and road network. However, the State election of late 1930 registered a record number of absentee votes cast in the electorates of Byron and Lismore, indicating continuing turbulence.

3. The Depression years, 1929-33, played havoc with the commonwealth roll, presumably as people were still on walkabout in a search for work. There is no published master roll for the late 1929 election, but the Star reported 42,714 enrolled, later revised to 42,911. At the State election of late 1930, when the Commonwealth and State had common subdivisions/boundaries, there were 44,532 enrolled, an increase of 1621, giving the top chart figures. Ballina, the only subdivision to have a greater number of females than males enrolled, had the biggest drop, implying the most number of unemployed on walkabout, although the completion of the Booyong-Ballina rail line in late 1930 had seen many navvies drift to the Casino-Bonalbo line.

4. For the election of late 1931 the Star stated there were now 45,901 enrolled punters, but 176 'section' votes were admitted, bringing the total to 46,077. The supplementary roll of 28Nov31 added 11,269 to the published master roll (from 42,838 to 54,107), without any names being deleted (Tweed-Brunswick = 11,755 to 14,728, and Richmond 27,018 to 34,532). The published master roll of 15Apr32 showed 45,959 names, with a smaller jump to 47,278 upon publication of the supplementary roll on 18May32.
In commenting on population growth just prior to the 1932 State election, the Star used electoral office figures of 40,841 electors in Jan1928 and 46,573 at Jan1932, a gain of 5737 adults in 4yrs. And using a fiddle factor of one minor to every adult figured 'the district' had gained 11,000 people in 4yrs (inclusive of portion of the tablelands.)
And just after that said 3005 names now had been deleted from the Dec31 Fed election roll, including 771 who had not voted, giving a new total of 46,409, a gain of 503. Acacia Creek and Drake were in the State Electorate of Tenterfield.
Just after the 11Jun32 State election 589 names were removed from the roll, giving a new total of 46,551.

5. The 15Apr1932 master roll was still current when the 2^nd supplementary roll was published on 11Apr33 showing numbers had leaped to 52,776, presumably without deletions (Tweed-Byron = 13,055 to 14,819, Richmond 28,594 to 33,172.) For the 13May33 referendum the Star said there were 47,324 enrolled, but that 'a number' of 'section' votes had been admitted (ie people turning up to vote whose names weren't on the roll, but were allowed to vote.) 10% of votes were absentee, implying a lot were still on walkabout. As at 31Aug33 after deletions/additions a new total of 48,077 was reported, 396 deletions and 424 additions in August itself. At 31Aug28 there were 42,354 enrolled.

6. The commonwealth census of 30Jun33 showed 26,428 people in the Tweed-Brunswick district and 57,741 in Richmond, an increase of 6.7% and 25% respectively on the 1921 census. (18.6% increase over the Richmond-Tweed region). Conversely the electoral rolls show no correlation, with the master electoral roll of 1933 (same as 1932) showing increases of 30.3% and 20.6% respectively, and 23.5% for the combined districts, (and even more diverse using the supplementary roll - 48%, 40% and 42.3%), implying that people were still highly mobile and there were a heap of deletions to be made for those who had permanently relocated.
Using the State electoral rolls however, the correlation with the census is very close - an increase of 8.4% in Tweed-Brunswick, 23.9% in Richmond and 18.6% in the combined districts. See State electoral figures below.
Census figures given by Star 28/30Sep33 said population of Richmond Electorate was 88,864 people, inclusive of Tenterfield Municip and portions of Severn, Copmanhurst and Tenterfield Shires, but the Richmond Electoral Roll of Jun33 showed 47,888 enrolled.
Figures given by Star 5Jan34: 47,959 enrolled Richmond wef 31Dec33, an increase of 5321 on 31Dec28.

7. By the time of compilation of the new master electoral roll on 2Jul1934 and publication of the supplementary roll on 16Aug1934 (14,093 to 14,780 for Tweed-Byron and 30,419 to 32,845 for Richmond) the turbulence was starting to abate and the region settling down to a more permanent population. The subdivisions of Alstonville and Coraki had been dropped and absorbed into adjacent subdivs of Ballina and Woodburn. Polling place of Toolond had been removed from Murbah and placed in Mullum, and subdiv of Glen Innes removed from New England.
The Star advised on 29Aug34 that at the closing of the rolls for the 15Sep34 election 53,675 were enrolled (Lismore largest subdivision with 7878, an increase of 431 on the 1931 election, despite big loss of railway employees to Casino. Figures given in brackets above)

8. For the Federal election of Oct1937 the Star said there were 54,884 on the roll (29,125 males, 25,759 fems, but with a majority of females in Lismore and Glen Innes)

9. The aberration of 1939/40 which showed the supplementary roll of 30Aug40 recording a total of 64,799 and swamping the new master roll struck on 24May39 is a mystery, although deletions were probably compounded by enlistment complications. Tweed-Brunswick jumped from 14,842 to 17,572, and Richmond 32,609 to 38,250. The Star said there were 57,015 enrolled for the Federal election of Sep1940.

Richmond-Tweed State Electorates

Subdivision	1917	1920	1921	Sep22	Jun23	Jul24	Apr25 (+sup)	1926	Jul27	Jun28	Jun29	Aug30	*1931*	*Apr32*	Apr33 (+sup)	1935
(Tweed-Byron)
Bangalow	1071	1243	1234	1499	1292	1343	1587	1272	1386	1392	1429
Byron Bay	1039	1169	1199	1281	1227	1275	1408	1282	1269	1344	1326	3155	3056	3357	3766
Mullumbimby	1286	1756	1950	1922	1956	1894	2102	1795	1931	1973	1802	1878	1842	2031	2344
Burringbar	497	517	620	657	642	621	701	567	531	511	456
Cudgen	446	628	608	617	622	619	660	543	488	536	608
Murwillumbah	2264	2542	2436	2545	2778	2653	3112	2472	2438	2647	2651	5060	4928	5378	6072
Murbah Environs	1694	2052	2121	2050	2056	2108	2335	2001	2160	2208	2067
Tumbulgum	717	926	867	823	815	725	801	565	508	524	473
Tweed Heads	740	956	1004	1106	1157	1171	1277	934	1079	1077	1097	2085	1925	2289	2637
Remainder	115
Sub Total	9,869	11,789	12,039	12,500	12,545	12,409	13,983	11,431	11,790	12,212	11,909	12,178	*11,751*	*13,055*	*14,819*
(Richmond)
Alstonville	814	875	875	909	892	867	969	959	955	951	916	1378	1450	1330	1558
Ballina	1306	1433	1424	1543	1624	1666	1831	1662	1655	1487	1566	1873	1813	2016	2339
Ballina Environs	475	536	534	521	526	646	686	948	542	525	545
Broadwater	536	530	556	596	589	618	648	597	574	535	528
Casino	2096	2391	1903	2177	2186	2236	2522	2282	2328	2595	2645	5600	5056	5766	6600
Casino Environs	1154	1286	1573	1711	1723	1790	1883	1950	671	613	615
Coraki	1503	1452	1507	1576	1520	1546	1664	1686	1684	1799	1766	1182	1092	1215	1378
Gundurimba	231	234	240	261	237	237	246	222	295	306	318
Kyogle	951	1223	1042	1428	1249	1203	1382	1177	1618	1683	1631	3293	3475	3072	3527
Kyogle Environs	1060	1287	1410	1628	1505	1511	1646	1998	3342	3549	3470
Lismore	2826	3189	3101	3437	3453	3362	3708	3423	3762	3805	3873	7427	7187	7492	8823
Lismore Environs	3797	4186	4225	4325	4356	4192	4430	4484	3871	3951	3967
Lismore North	739	788	820	819	836	807	877	755	839	824	812
Lismore South	871	979	942	1173	1009	1107	1229	1006	1011	1023	1056
Rappville	546	674	684	738	749	759	830	950	658	629	627
Rock Valley	64	72	74	87	75	79	83	82	168	166	154
Wardell	1124	1181	1152	1269	1209	1116	1176	1189	1214	1205	1132
Woodburn	787	1016	1025	1074	1064	1059	1143	786	981	893	943	1897	1860	1963	2189
Remainder													5074	5740	6758
Sub Total	20,880	23,332	23,087	25,272	24,802	24,801	26,953	26,156	26,168	26,539	26,564		*27,007*	*28,594*	*33,172*
(Clarence)
Chatsworth		539	567	585	594	590	631	592
Copmanhurst		678	692	730	752	742	790	673
Grafton		2950	3013	3091	3165	3232	3483	3325
Harwood		310	284	283	286	289	335	295
Lawrence		665	662	651	656	647	677	620
Sub Total		5142	5218	5340	5453	5500	5916	5505
Total Byron Electorate	11,640	40,263	40,344	43,122	42,800	42,710	46,852	43,092	13,987	14,224	14,020	12,178
Total Lismore	11,078								15,359	15,458	15,475	13,049
Total Clarence	8,597								15,272	15,674	15,563
Total Tenterfield	10,772								14,864	15,231	15,200
Total Casino												12,808
Grand Total	42,087								59,482	60,587	60,258
Federal Electorate of Richmond	34,337		35,824	39,577			41,799			42,229	42,911	44,532	42,821	45,959	45,959 (52,766)
Alternate Figures*
Byron Electorate	11,789	39,355		43,759			45,159		14,413			12,137		13,093		14,427
Lismore Electorate	11,290								15,603			12,989		13,469	13,645	13,945
Casino Electorate												12,743		12,948		14,113
Clarence	9,705								15,536			13,521		14,362		15,226
Tenterfield	10,745								15,239			12,685		13,000		14,166

Note: In 1917 ‘Richmond’ consisted of bits of the Electorate of Lismore (Alstonville, Broadwater, Lismore, Lismore Environs, Lismore North, Lismore South, Wardell), the Electorate of Byron (Ballina and Ballina Environs), the Electorate of Clarence (Rappville and Woodburn), and the Electorate of Tenterfield (Casino, Casino Environs, Coraki, Gundurimba, Kyogle, Kyogle Environs, Rock Valley.)
In 1920 the Electorates of Lismore and Clarence and a major portion of the Electorate of Tenterfield were absorbed into the Electorate of Byron.
In 1927 the four original electorates were reformed, but with some changes to the original boundaries.
In 1930 the new State Electorate of Casino was formed from portions of Lismore, Clarence and Tenterfield.
At the same time the State electorates of Byron, Lismore and Casino, with portions of Tenterfield and Clarence, formed the Federal Electorate of Richmond, resulting in common subdivisions and joint electoral rolls. Two subdivisions of the State electorate of Tenterfield were in the Federal Division of New England. The State Electorate of Lismore consisted of the Federal subdivisions of Alstonville, Ballina, Eltham and Lismore
There was no new master roll for Byron in 1925. The supplementary list published 22Apr25 was simply an addendum to the master roll published 17Jul24.
For the Lismore by-election of 11Mar33, the Star said there were 13,704 on the roll (Lismore 7789, Eltham 2503, Ballina 2053 and Alstonville 1359.)
For the 13May33 referendum, at which the punters had to decide whether they wanted to continue the practice of the Government appointing members to the Legislative Council or a new system of a max of 60 members, one third of whom were elected every 3yrs by members of both houses, the Star said the Lismore electorate had 13,721 enrolled (Lismore 7793, Eltham 2474, Ballina 2080, Alstonville 1734.) 13,169 voted, of whom 1335 were absentee = 10%. In Sep33, 631 new names added and 451 deleted from Lismore roll.

*See Antony Green's election summaries at http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/resources/nswelectionsanalysis/DistrictIndexes/DistrictIndex.htm for different electorate totals. For the Oct1930 election, at the closing of the rolls the electoral officer gave figures for Byron, Casino and Lismore as 12,178 / 12,808 / 13,049, adding 1279 / 1673 / 1701 new names, and presumably expunging 1254 / 1620 / 1653. Greatest turnover was in Lismore, Casino and Murwillumbah.

Early Lismore Electoral History:

1856-1858: Electorate of Clarence and Darling Downs.
15Apr56: Anglican Englishman Clark Irving defeated Colin John McKenzie. 642 on roll, 296 people voted giving Irving 66% of vote
29Jan58: Anglican Englishman, squatter and separationist Arthur Hodgson elected unopposed. 727 people on roll. Not contested by Irving who ran for seat of Northumberland and Hunter, allegedly due squatters having the numbers Darling Downs.
(Irving started Clarence and Richmond Examiner at Grafton 1859, at which time he held runs totalling 273,040 acres in NSW, including Cassino Station, later renamed Tomki, consisting of 30,720 acres purchased in 1844. Also held large stations on Darling Downs and in Maranoa District. Became managing director of the Clarence and Richmond Steam Navigation Company 1860. Initially a separationist like most squatters, but came round to the view that Northern NSW would be better off economically by remaining with NSW.)

1859-1880: Electorate of Clarence. (Irving 1859-63, John Connell Laycock 1864-66, John Robertson 1866-68, Thomas Bawden 1869-77, Charles Hugh Fawcett 1880)
10Jun59: 'Progressive' Irving wins 45.5% over Alexander Mackellar (30.3%) and Edward Michael Ryan (24.2%). 938 on roll and 501 voted. Irving supported by merchants who wanted to retain access to Sydney markets. Clarence and Richmond squatters not impressed with Irving as they wanted to be part of new colony of Queensland. Scotsman Mackellar was manager of Runnymede and Kyogle Stations and selected over C.H.E. Chauvel as the squatters candidate. A former separationist colleague of Irving was the anti-squatter Scotsman Dr John Dunmore Lang who continued with his obsession of bungling the Clarence, Richmond and Tweed into the new colony of 'Cooksland'. He played a large part in encouraging Scotsmen to populate the region. Catholic colonial-born Ryan, a 'Protectionist', owned Waterview Station on the Clarence.
7Dec60: Irving elected unopposed. 1167 on roll.
16Jul63: By-election due Irving absent from duty. But Irving re-elected (73.4%) over William Branch Campbell, even though Irving still in England trying to have an Anglican Diocese for Grafton and Armidale established.1686 on roll and 563 people voted
19Dec64: John Connell Laycock elected with 58.7% of vote over Richard Bligh. 2019 on roll and 986 voted. (Irving still in England where he died bankrupt Jan65). Colonial-born Anglican anti-squatter Laycock, who lost the seat of Central Cumberland 26Nov64, owned land at Yamba. Bligh, former Police Magistrate and Commissioner of Crown Lands for the Clarence, was the squatters candidate. Laycock deemed to be ineffectual and subsequently undermined by group of Grafton merchants lead by Thomas Bawden.
20Aug66: By-election due Laycock resignation for unknown reason. John Robertson, ex-electorate of West Sydney which he shared with Dr Lang, elected with 57% of vote over Alexander Mackellar. 2127 on roll and 390 voted. Mackellar selected over George Lang, son of Dr Lang, who resigned seat of Tumut May1860 and took up a job in Sydney 1866 after a stint in Qld. Robertson backed by Bawden and associates. (Anti-squatter Presbyterian Englishman Robertson was Premier 1860-61, 1868-70, 1875-77, 1885-86. Had introduced the 'Robertson Land Acts' - free selection before survey - 1861 which led to the rapid expansion of the North Coast. Irving had opposed free selection.)
25Nov68: Robertson re-elected unopposed. 2740 registered voters.
14Dec69: Thomas Bawden elected unopposed after Robertson decides to re-contest West Sydney. 2980 on roll. Anglican Englishman Bawden was a storekeeper and mayor of Grafton. Changed tack from anti to pro separationist.
5Mar72: Bawden wins with 72% of vote over Edward Charlton Madgwick. 3,886 registered voters and 1203 fronted. Madgwick was editor of the Grafton Observer.
22Dec74: Bawden re-elected with 50.3% over Madgwick (11.3%) and Charles Hugh Fawcett (38.4%). 4339 voters and 2218 fronted. Anglican Northern Irishman Fawcett was part owner of the Fairy Mount run at Kyogle. Police Magistrate for the Richmond.
3Nov77: Bawden re-elected with 42.2% over Fawcett 41%, Madgwick 10.4% and Robertson 6.4%. 4681 on roll and 2795 voted. (Robertson was defeated in West Sydney 25Oct77. Two days after his disaster at Clarence poll he won both East Macquarie and Mudgee. He elected to forego Macquarie and represent Mudgee.)
7Apr1880: By election due resignation of Bawden. Sixty seven year old Fawcett won with 42.7% over John Mitchell Purves (39.1%) and S.G. Davidson (18.2%). 5551 registered and 3237 voted.
Colonial-born Presbyterian Major Purves was an auctioneer and real-estate agent and Clarence resident 1871-76. Held redrawn Clarence seat 18Nov80-26Jan87 when farmers ousted Free Traders in favour of Protectionists. The new electorate of Grafton suffered an absentee landlord, Protectionist Englishman John See (Progressive Premier 1901-04), for the next 24yrs.

1880-1894 Electorate of Richmond River. (Fawcett 1880-1882; Samuel William Gray 1882-1885; Thomas Thompson Ewing and Patrick Hogan 1885-1887; Ewing and Frederick George Crouch 1887-1889; Ewing, Bruce Baird Nicoll and John Perry 1889-1894; Robert Pyers 1894-1904; John Perry 1904-1910.)
24Nov1880: Fawcett elected unopposed. 2632 on roll.
9Dec82: Samuel William Gray wins with 60.4% from Patrick Hogan. 2924 on roll and 1779 voted. Fawcett did not re-contest. Anglican Northern Irishman Gray was ex-electorate of Illawarra. Owned land on the Tweed. Catholic Irishman Hogan was a commission agent Sydney and ex-policeman.
28Oct85: Thomas Thomson Ewing (40.9%) and Hogan (30.9%) elected over Frederick George Crouch (27.2%) and George Richard Dibbs (1%). 4668 on roll and 2796 voted. Gray did not re-contest and retired back to Kiama. Colonial-born Anglican Ewing was a local surveyor. Anglican Londoner Crouch was storekeeper and mayor of Casino. (Dibbs had been defeated in the seat of St Leonards by Henry Parkes 16Oct85. Won the seat of Murrumbidgee 31Oct85. Premier Oct85-Dec85, Jan89-Mar89, Oct91-Aug94. Was a Free Trader who switched to Protectionists 1887. Also switched from Presbyterianism to Anglicanism.)
[Protection and Political Reform League started regular meetings in the Temperance Hall Lismore from ~1884. League founded Sydney 1881 by Luscombe below.
Catholics and Country Protestants generally Protectionist, but Great Sectarian Riot Lismore Nov1886 split friendships/allegiances.]
26Feb87: Protectionist Ewing (42%) and Protectionist Crouch (38%) elected over Free Traders James Barrie (12.9%) and Ramon Edward de y Bertodano Lopez (7%). Hogan did not re-contest, but won Macleay 1889, then Raleigh 1894 . Presbyterian merchant Barrie was Mayor of Lismore 1884-85, 1892-93, 1901, and suffered a bit of criticism for his perceived Catholic bias in the Great Sectarian Riot of 1886 (perhaps because prominent Catholics, O'Flynn, Dean and Finn on his committee). Lopez of Alstonville was a grazier of Gundurimba from at least 1870. 5170 registered voters and 2828 fronted. (The Free Traders wanted direct taxation, anathema to farmers who wanted duties on all imported butter/cheese/bacon/....)
13Feb89: Protectionists Ewing (33.3%), Bruce Baird Nicoll (29.4%) and John Perry (23%) elected over Protectionist William Bourke (14.3%). S.T. Northcote withdrew. Crouch did not re-contest and later retired to Sydney. 5930 on roll and 3262 voted. Ewing won almost every booth. Colonial-born Scotland-educated Presbyterian Nicoll, together with brother George Wallace, became major ship owners plying coastal route Sydney-Richmond. Colonial-born Presbyterian Orangeman Perry was a cane farmer and storekeeper of Alstonville. Bourke was a school teacher of Ballina.
14Jun91: Independent Protectionists and Parkes' supporters Ewing (23.3%), Nicoll (20%) and Perry (18.6%) elected over Protectionists James Stocks (15.4%), Samuel Theophilus Northcote (8.8%), Richard Charles Luscombe (7.9%) and George Martin Jnr (6%). 7150 on roll and 3989 voted. Methodist Northcote, farmer and auctioneer of Alstonville, was foundation President of the Alliance of Richmond River Progress Associations 1887 (Catholic Kelly was President 1889). 65yr old Stocks of Caniaba was foundation mayor of Lismore 1879-82 and resident since 1860 and backed by John C. Irving, son of Clark above. Martin was a cane grower of Ballina. Luscombe, ex-MLA for Northumberland, was a closet Laborite/unionist from Sydney and condemned by Northern Star. Northern Star backs ticket team of Ewing/Nicoll/Perry. Casino mayor Crouch and prominent Catholic Kelly back Ewing. Newspaper proprietor Temperley of Ballina backs Perry. Ewing won almost every booth.
In Mar1891 Ewing was present for the 'turning of the first sod' at Lismore to launch the Lismore-Murbah rail line, which brought a heap of Labor/Union-leaning navvies and support trades to the region to influence the voting over the next few years. Then came the permanent railway staff, line maintenance crews and workshops.

Redistribution: Perry, an ex-farmer of Alstonville, stood in new electorate of Ballina. Nicoll, a steam ship owner, stood in the new electorate of Tweed. Surveyor Ewing stood new electorate of Lismore. Electorate of Richmond now reduced to Casino/Kyogle/etc.

1894-1901 Electorate of Lismore. (Ewing 1894-1901, Coleman 1901-1905, George Nesbitt 1913-1917)
12Jul1894: Protectionist Ewing (76.4%) defeats Independent Laborite James Pater Field Walker. 1360 registered voters and 947 fronted. Alderman Vincent John Norris withdrew. Methodist Walker was a chemist and printer of Lismore.
19Jul95: Protectionist Ewing re-elected unopposed. Still campaigned and considered coloured labour question in sugar industry of most vital importance. 1366 on roll. Northern Star advocating Free Trader Parkes over Free Trader Premier Reid in leadership stakes. (Advocated Page and Martin in Richmond over Pyers - and Kelly in Tweed and lukewarm on Perry in Ballina.)
3Jun98 Federation Referendum: Northern Star advocates NO vote and condemns Federalist Ewing. Lismore votes 627 to 147 for Federation - yes majority all booths.
20Jul98: National Federalist Ewing (84.9%) defeats Independent Federalist Walker. 1577 on roll and 698 voted. (Protection Association and NSW Federal Association nominated all sitting members Lismore, Ballina, Tweed and Richmond to recontest for respective parties - except Nat Fed initially overlooked Perry of Ballina. Federalism rated little mention in campaign.) Northern Star disappointed that Free Trader Premier Reid defeated National Federalist Edmund Barton. Pyers of Richmond offered to step aside and give his seat to Barton. Barton chose the seat of Hastings and Macleay, where Francis Clark stepped aside.
20Jun1899 Federation Referendum: Northern Star now firmly for Federation. Lismore votes 982 to 207 for Federation. All 17 booths return majority for yes.

3Jul1901: Independent Liberal John William Coleman (48%) defeats Independent Liberals James Francis O'Flynn (29.5%), Richard Samuel Knox Balmer (16.1%), James Hamilton Frith (3.6%) and Frank Russell (1.5%), Laborite Robert Edward Campbell (0.7%) and Progressive Charles James Duffy (0.7%). Mr F.H. Bartlett withdrew(foundation director Norco, but associated with proprietary company). 2575 on roll and 1750 voted.
(Ewing did not contest - elected first Federal member for Richmond. Retired to Tweed 1910.)
Anglican Coleman was a storekeeper and mayor of Lismore, member of the Protestant Defence Association and Ewing's campaign manager at all previous elections. Catholic O'Flynn, founder of Richmond Foundry and Engineering Works, was mayor 1889-91 and 1896-99. Presbyterian Alderman Balmer, owner of the Lismore Chronicle, was mayor 1904 (and as an 18yr old had been summonsed in the Great Sectarian Riot of 1886.) Anglican Alderman Frith was the father of William, future mayor and Country Party MLA. Catholic Campbell was the son of Robert, the founder of Bangalow and a perennial critic of Norco. (Bangalow was in Tweed Electorate where Catholic closet Progressive Meagher was sitting member.)
Catholic Campbell was leading light in forming Dairy Farmers Union, due to the 'capitalist' proprietary dairy companies insisting on compulsory pasteurisation and threat to co-operative movement. He and Duffy in favour of Compulsory Arbitration, Minimum Wage, Workers Compensation, abolition of the Legislative Council, etc. and 'He considered that any candidate who asked the support of a religious body should be hounded out of the district.... (During the campaign Cardinal Moran published a letter in the Star protesting the insult to Catholics of the Declaration and Oath required on the ascension of King Edward VII.)
Prominent Catholic Joseph Bede Kelly nominated Presbyterian Balmer of the Chronicle who advocated formation of a 'Country Party' and an elected Legislative Council (and opposed giving women the vote.) Catholics also separating politically on Tweed. (In 1907 Kelly started North Coast Daily News in opposition to both Star and Chronicle.)
Bishop Doyle and leading Catholic Kelly endorse Liberal Government. Ditto ex-Mayor Barrie and future mayor George Nesbitt.
The various Temperance Societies, drawn together under the Chairmanship of William J. Way, Evangelist with the Methodist Church, heavily advocated Coleman. O'Flynn against prohibition and refused to be drawn on State Aid to Catholic Schools.
Northern Star advised punters to elect either Coleman or O'Flynn - who tied in Lismore and Gundurimba but Coleman took all other polling booths.
Vote for Liberal leader Lee's opposition seen as a vote for Byron Bay harbour scheme and Tenterfield railway to coast, verses Progressive Premier See's Clarence harbour scheme and Glen Innes Tablelands to coast railway proposal. Vote for Progressives also seen as a vote for Labor.
But of the 4 regional electorates Lismore was the only one to return a Liberal. State-wide Liberals won most votes, but Progressives won most seats and reformed government with Labor support.
Most Protectionists rebranded themselves Progressives 1901. Elsewhere Farmers and Catholics generally favoured Protectionists. Free Traders had became the Liberals, favoured by most Protestants and Temperants, more so the townfolk than the farmers. Progressives routed 1904 and Labor became dominant opposition party. Catholics mainly switched to Labor. Progressives had faded away by ~1907.

Redistribution: New electorate of Rous embraced Tweed Heads to Lismore. Re-reconfigured Richmond electorate took in Woodburn to Mullumbimby. Kyogle/Casino/etc went to Electorate of Tenterfield.

1904-1910 Electorate of Rous. (John William Coleman 1904-1905, George Thomas Hindmarsh 1905-1910)
9Aug04: Liberal John William Coleman (52.9%), ex-member for Lismore, defeats Progressive Richard Denis Meagher, ex-member for Tweed. 7600 on roll and 5503 vote. Coleman won all the Richmond booths and Meagher the Tweed booths, despite both Murbah and both Lismore papers against him. Northern Star backed Coleman, but laments loss of Meagher because of good track record.
11Feb05: By-election due death of Coleman. George Thomas Hindmarsh (51.1%) defeats Meagher (48.9%). 5566 people voted. Presbyterian Lieutenant Hindmarsh, ex-farmer of Clunes, was auctioneer and stock and station agent Lismore and son-in-law of above Mayor Barrie. Northern Star strongly for Hindmarsh and more strongly against Meagher than last time, equating a vote for Meagher to a vote for Labor. Hindmarsh takes most Richmond booths and Meagher all Tweed. Sectarianism present.
1907: Liberal Hindmarsh (52.3%) wins over Independents John Patrick Garvan Sheridan (30.6%) and Richard Samuel Knox Balmer (17.1%). 10,039 on roll and 6879 vote. (Sheridan nephew of Bangalow pioneer J.P. Garvan)
(27Apr10: Branch of Labour League formed Lismore with Ald Lockett as President)
1910: Liberal Hindmarsh (56.1%) defeats Laborite Alfred Arthur Taylor (43.9%). 12,558 on roll and 8574 voted. Lismore Labour League initially selected William Moses to run. Moses was a foundation director of Norco, but closely associated with proprietary company 'NSW Creamery Butter Co'. Taylor was the ex-manager of this proprietary Co, which went bust in 1903 and became a co-op (Lismore Co-op Dairy Co Ltd), rivalling Norco's Lismore factory. He earlier had backed Liberal Coleman. Prominent in Lismore Labour League but joined Nationalists 1917. (Both Moses and Taylor wanted Norco estb Lismore rather than Byron Bay.)
|Seat abolished 1913 and Hindmarsh did not re-contest reformed electorate of Lismore.
Murbah formed branch of 'Political Labour League' Jan1910 and nominated Meagher as rep Sydney conferences

Redistribution: Reformed Electorate of Lismore takes in Nimbin to Ballina. New Electorate of Byron now embraces Murwillumbah to outskirts of Ballina.

1913-1917 Electorate of Lismore
1913: Liberal George Nesbitt, also endorsed by the Farmers and Settlers Association, wins 70.8% to defeat Laborite Roger Vandeleur Kearney. 11,088 on roll and 7760 voted. Catholic journalist Kearney returned to Tasmania.
1917: Nationalist Protestant storekeeper Nesbitt (79.1%) defeats Independent Catholic Laborite journalist Michael Conlan O'Halloran. 11,290 on roll and 6022 front.
Seat absorbed into Byron 1920-27.
Labor Party, formed 1891, split after Conscription referendum. Pro conscriptionists joined the Liberals to form the Nationalist Party. Labor and Catholics never regained former influence in region.
Lismore branch of National Association formed Aug1919 with R. Noble as President

1894-1901 Electorate of Richmond
9Jul94: Independent Protectionist Robert Pyers (46.2%) elected over Independent Protectionists Robert Page (23.3%), Allan Cameron (22.7%), James Stocks (6%) and Northcote (1.8%). 1665 on roll and 1341 voted. Methodist Pyers was an auctioneer and alderman of Casino. Page of Casino, ex-editor of the Richmond River Express, was member Licensing Court Richmond River District.
16Jul95: Protectionist Pyers (53.2%) elected over Independent Protectionists Page (40.4%), Donald Cameron (3.9%), George Martin Jnr (2.5%). 1660 on roll and 988 voted.
18Jul98: National Federalist Pyers (79.2%) wins over Independent Free Trader John Willard. D. Quain of Coraki withdrew. 1726 registered voters and 850 fronted.
1901: Progressive Pyers (73.2%) defeats Liberal Thomas McFadden (19%) and Independent Liberal John Henry Cooke Harper (7.8%). Mr Casey withdrew. 2222 on roll and 1177 voted. Pyers won all booths.
(Progressive Pyers subsequently defeated by Liberal Charles Alfred Lee in Electorate of Tenterfield at all elections 1904-10, although winning home turf of Casino/Kyogle/Coraki/Drake/etc. Anglican Lee was leader of new Liberal Opposition 1901-02)

1894-1901 Electorate of Ballina
12Jul1894: Protectionist John Perry (56.4%) wins over Independent Laborite Alexander Fraser Hill (18.5%), and Independent Protectionists George Martin Jnr (16.8%), Siegfried Sohn (6.8%), and Samuel Dutton (1.5%). 1543 on roll and 1206 vote.
19Jul1895: Protectionist Perry (53.7%) defeats Independent Protectionist (perhaps Ind Labor?) Thomas Temperley. 1489 on roll and 920 vote. Temperley was proprietor of the Richmond River Times at Ballina. (Died 1918 Sydney, aged 74. Wife died week later. Ex school teacher. First chairman of Country Press Co-op Pty)
20Jul1898: National Federalist Perry (57.7%) defeats Independent Federalist Temperley. Perry accused of dirty tactics. 1782 on roll and 1067 vote.
26Sep1899: Protectionist Perry re-elected unopposed
1901: Progressive Perry (58.6%) defeats Liberal Temperley (22.2%) and Independents Thomas Russell Jnr (17%) and Samuel Dutton (2.2%). 2092 on roll and 1381 vote. Perry won all 10 booths. Russell was secretary of the NSW Sugar Industry Defence League formed by Temperley (who was also President of the Anti-Alien Society.) Temperley endorsed by Norco.

1904-1910 Electorate of Richmond
1904: Progressive Perry, ex-Ballina electorate (38%) defeats Liberal Thomas Temperley (36.9%), Independent Robert Edward Campbell (21.8%) and Independent Liberal Phillip Henry Morton (3.3%). 6335 on roll and 3537 voted. Temperley won Campbell's turf of Byron Bay and Bangalow.
1907: Liberal Perry (60.3%) defeats Independent Temperley (39.8%). 7439 registered voters and 5154 fronted.
1910: Liberal Perry (60.9%) defeats Labor William Neal Gillies (39.1%). 8645 on roll and 6225 turn up. Independent Liberal, W.R. Baker of Mullumbimby, chairman of Norco, withdrew (Brother Albert Baker was campaign manager for Perry in Mullum district.) Presbyterian farmer Gillies of Tintenbar became Premier of Queensland. His father and Temperley had been leading lights in anti-alien movement.

Byron 1913-1984
1913: Liberal John Perry (51%), ex-Richmond, defeats Independent Liberal Peter Street (35.9%), and Independents Robert Campbell (11.8%) and John Gray Pearson (1.3%). 10,642 on roll and 6897 voted.
14Apr1917: Two ballots. Nationalist Perry (38.6% - 52.2%) defeated Independent Nationalist Oliver Virtue (37.7%- 47.8%), Independent Patrick McMahon (15.8%), Independent Nationalist Percy Edward Tighe (7.4%), Independent William McKeever (0.4%). 11,789 on roll and 6810 - 6641 vote. (McMahon was a Catholic Irishman, known as 'The Sugar King' on the Tweed. Became a long-serving councillor on Tweed Shire from 1906. Co founder of Lismore-based Catholic newspaper 'North Coast Daily News' with Kelly and 3 others. McKeever of Cudgera also Ireland-born.)
1920: Nationalist Nesbitt (ex-Lismore 23.6% and 26.3%), Progressive Raymond Stephen Perdriau (16.6% and 27.4%), and Laborite Thomas James Swiney (19.6% and 25.5%) win over Progressive William Thomas Missingham (10.3% and 20.8%), Nationalist William Arthur Zuill (ex-Clarence 9.3%), Independent James Beith McDougall (6.8%), Independent Percy Edward Tighe (5.5%), Progressive Duncan Nicholson (3.7%), Independent John Yates (3.2%), Laborite Roger Matthew Ryan (1.3%), and Independents William McKeever (0.2%) and Thomas Winterton (0.1%). 39,355 on roll and 21,925 vote. Perry did not contest.
Progressive Party formed 1919 by the Farmers and Settlers Assoc and Graziers Assoc with disaffected Nationalists, not the same as earlier Progressive Party.
1922 and onwards see http://freepages.misc.rootsweb.com/~aliens/chapter_11.htm

1894-1901 Tweed
(John Willard 1894, Joseph Bede Kelly 1894-98, Richard Denis Meagher 1898-1904)
10Jul1894: Laborite John Willard (29.7%) defeats Independent Protectionist Joseph Bede Kelly (26.7%), Endorsed Protectionist Bruce Baird Nicoll (15%), Independent Protectionist George Clifton Halliday (12.3%), Free Trader William Robert Baker (6.7%), Independent Protectionists John James Melchizedek Marks (5.9%) and David Jarman (3.6%), Independent Free Trader James Barrie (0.7%), Independent (perhaps Ind Labor?) Patrick Gilroy (0.7%), and Independent Protectionist Colonial-born Catholic James Murphy (0%). 1790 on roll and 1494 voted.
Willard and Gilroy, both of Sydney, insisted they were endorsed Labor. Barrie of Lismore said nothing other than he had a right to contest Tweed. Murphy of South Murbah initially Labor. Local Methodist lawyer Halliday was backed by The Tweed and Brunswick Chronicle.
Catholic surveyor Kelly had been a cane and dairy farmer of Tyagarah since 1884, and founding Chairman of Norco 1894. (Started the North Coast Daily News in Lismore 1907 in reaction to the perceived bias of the Northern Star and Lismore Chronicle.) Rumour that Parish Priest Fr Kenny advocated Kelly from the pulpit.
Jarman was the first settler at Byron Bay and first President of Byron Shire. Methodist Baker was owner of The Tweed & Brunswick Advocate at Murbah and father-in-law of above lawyer Street, foundation mayor of Murbah. (Baker was chairman of Norco 1910 and a director for 24yrs.) Marks of Terragon, foundation chairman Murbah Progress Assoc, later a Liberal.
9Dec1894: By-election due Englishman Willard, ex-Brisbane, not meeting NSW residency requirements. Protectionist Kelly (50.1%) defeated Prominent Protectionist James Patrick Garvan (39.8%), Labor Murphy (10%), Independent Baker (0.15%). 1058 people voted. Garvan tied with Kelly Byron Bay and won Bangalow, Tumbulgum and Tweed Heads. Kelly won all other polling places. Baker withdrew at last minute and urged his followers to back Garvan. But name remained on the roll. Ewing of Lismore also backed Garvan. Willard tried again in Richmond 1898 as a Free Trader.
Catholic Kelly resigned Norco early 1895 to concentrate political duties. Catholic Lawyer Garvan was a pioneer of Bangalow 1870s (insisted he first came 1866) and he and brother Denis (and perhaps brother Callaghan, surveyor/architect Lismore late 70s/early 80s) acquired large blocks 1882 and allegedly instigated co-operative dairy movement. Some controversy over railway going through Denis's St Helena selection. Two of JP's sons currently working properties. (Subdivision of 3000 acre 'Garvan Estate' 1905 provided 32 dairy farms around Bangalow, with loans provided by Citizen's Life Assurance, founded by J.P. in 1886.) But J.P. absentee 1880-94 as member for Eden and returned here after defeat in seat of Bega 12Jul94, but in between time establishing, or attempting to establish, cheese factory Possum Shoot 1887. Also owned blocks at Dunbible. (Sheridan of Rous 1907 is likely nephew.)
The Tweed had a different flavour to all other regional electorates, probably because of a heap of railway navvies influencing the voting. The rail line from Lismore was completed and formally opened at Murbah 24Dec94, still leaving many Labor-biased navvies and camp followers to twiddle their thumbs whilst awaiting the announcement of further rail work. Apparently many remained to settle. (Lismore-Casino line not opened until Oct1903, Casino-Grafton Nov1905, Casino-Kyogle Jun1910.)
24Jul1895: Protectionist Kelly (51.9%) defeats Independent Protectionist Norman K. Ewing (27.3%), Laborite Samuel Albert Rosa (19.8%), Free Trader Baker (0.7%), and Independent Protectionists George Clifton Halliday (0.23%) and John Morrison (0.12%). 1815 on roll and 870 front. Kelly won all 10 polling places.
Anglican socialist journalist Rosa was a ring-in from Sydney invited by Cudgen branch of Labor party. Baker, Halliday and Morrison withdrew but names remained on roll. (Rosa, along with future Labor leader Holman and future Murbah personality Dr Goldsmid, represented NSW and won the interstate debating contest in 1891.)
Anglican Ewing, solicitor of Murbah and brother of Thomas MLA Lismore, initially backed by cane growers who changed allegiance once Rosa nominated. (Ewing moved Perth and was an Independent MLA 1897-1901. Elected as a Free Trade Senator Fed Parliament 1901-03. Moved Tasmania and anti-socialist MLA 1909-15.)

Apr1898 Kelly leading Protectionist in parliament galvanising other similarly inclined Protectionist MLAs to form new party to support federation
3Jun1898: Federation Referendum. Kelly and high-profile Richard Denis Meagher started campaigning for referendum and election mid Feb98. Colonial-born Catholic Lawyer Meagher had resigned under cloud from the seat of Sydney-Phillip Oct95 after only 3mth stint. Indicated his intention to contest Tweed. Invited to contest by local Catholic Laborite James Murphy, member of Progress Association. Both Kelly and Meagher strongly for Federation. Independent Liberal Catholic Irishman P. McMahon, spokesman for cane growers, campaigned against. Knox of CSR also against. Tweed votes 569 to 131 for Federation (81.3%) v. State 52% yes. Tweed Heads only polling place to vote no. (Tweed vote highest in region: Lismore 80% yes, Ballina 72%, Richmond 77%.)
Kelly reckons 'workers' should look to Protectionists rather than Labour for 'help'.
18Jul1898: Independent Meagher (63.6%) defeats National Federalist Kelly (35.3%) and Independent Free Trader Baker (1.2%). Cane grower Marks, President of Murbah Progress Association, withdrew and urged supporters to vote for Meagher, who campaigned as a 'Federal Democrat', advertising better Protectionist and Federalist credentials than Kelly, but simply not the endorsed candidate. 2133 on roll and 1032 vote. Tweed Herald strongly supports Meagher (and Tweed Advocate for Baker, who added a touch of sectarianism.) Byron Bay, Bangalow, Coorabell and Tweed Heads go with Kelly, and Meagher wins other 7 polling places. Meagher's gift of the gab and assertion of greater influence with movers and shakers in Sydney swayed voters. Could be all things to all people. (Was an alderman on Sydney council during most of tenure of Tweed seat.) Kelly never forgave voters of Tweed portion of electorate for believing Meaher assertion that 'he had never seen a district so neglected as the Tweed'.
20Jun1899: Second Federation Referendum. Tweed votes 750 to 208 for Federation (78.3%). Tweed Heads again the only polling place with No majority (along with South East Qld?). (Ballina 70%, Lismore 83%, Richmond 72%, NSW 57%.)

3Jul1901: Independent Meagher (66.3%) defeats Liberal Alexander Eastaughffe (33.7%). Cane grower McMahon withdrew (nominated by David Jarman, who also withdrew after Eastaughffe nominated as the endorsed candidate.) Kelly also asked to nominate. Meeting to select local candidate ended up in a brawl, and the Chairman (W.P. Higgins), closed the meeting, the like of which was never seen in Murwillumbah before.... Lament loss of Kelly. 1902 on roll and 1224 vote. Catholic Eastaughffe was an auctioneer, cane farmer, pub owner and Tweed resident since 1884 and had been first manager of Norco's Murbah depot 1897/98. Meagher, who had just run for the new Fed Senate, won despite both Murbah newspapers and most leading citizens turning against him. Meagher's worst enemy was James Murphy, his campaign manager in previous election. Eastaughffe had also backed Meagher in last election. Vote for closet Progressive Meagher seen as a vote for rival railway and harbour schemes of the Clarence over Richmond/Tweed ('Lee v. See'). Campaign more Personalities than Parties. Police at meetings. Eastaughffe comprehensively won Byron Bay but punters went with more polished Meagher at every other booth.
Meagher contested Rous after Tweed abolished. Defeated twice Rous and won seat of Phillip 1907 as an Independent. Was a closet Protectionist/Progressive and joined Labor Party after 1907 election. Pro conscription and expelled from Labor Party 1916.
Electorate joined Rous 1904 and Byron 1913

Federal Electorate of Richmond
1900: Electorate of Unara proposed to include State electorates of Tenterfield, Richmond, Tweed, Lismore and Ballina
1901: Protectionist Thomas Ewing (55.3%) defeats Independent Protectionist Robert Pyers. 10,054 on roll and 6733 voted. Bishop Doyle backs Ewing
1903: Protectionist Ewing (72.6%) defeats Free Trader Reginald Atkinson, General Secretary of the Australian Protestant Defence Association. 18,986 on roll and 8606 voted.
1906: Protectionist Ewing (76.4%) defeats Anti-Socialist John Sutton. 25,916 on roll and 8171 voted (31.5%)
1910: Liberal Walter Massy Greene (37.3%) defeats Independent Laborite Pyers (29%), 'Independent Liberal Protectionist' Venour Nathan (18.1%) and Endorsed Laborite William Neal Gillies (15.6%). Lawyer Street of Murbah also stood as an Independent Liberal but was influenced to stand aside. 31,371 on roll and 18,634 voted.
1913: Liberal Greene (69.9%) defeats Labor lawyer Percy Tighe. 34,766 on roll and 24,750 voted. Tighe of Ballina nominated by Lismore Labour League
1914: Liberal Greene elected unopposed. 35,378 on roll.

Federation Referendums			Conscription Referendums
Pooling Booth	1898	1899	Subdivision	1916	1917	Booth	1916	1917
Murwillumbah	78%Yes	79%Yes	Murwillumbah	54% Yes	54% NO
Tumbulgum	97%Yes	83%Yes
Condong		72%Yes
Tweed Heads	76%NO	58%NO	Tweed Heads	64% Yes	56% Yes
Cudgen	83%Yes	68%Yes
Burringbar	97%Yes	98%Yes
Mullumbimby	77%Yes	90%Yes	Mullumbimby	65% Yes	64% Yes
Byron Bay	90%Yes	77%Yes	Byron Bay	77% Yes	69% Yes	Byron Bay	80%Yes	74%Yes
Bangalow	97%Yes	91%Yes	Ballina	73% Yes	65% Yes	Broken Head	100%Yes	100%Yes
Billinudgel	100%Yes	97%Yes	Alstonville	71% Yes	69% Yes	Tyagarah	63%Yes	68%Yes
Coorabel	69%Yes	58%Yes	Woodburn	56% Yes	51% Yes	Ewingsdale	56%Yes	64%NO
Federal		80%Yes	Coraki	68% Yes	58% Yes	Possum Crk	54%Yes
Tweed Electorate	81%Yes	78%Yes	Lismore	60% Yes	59% Yes	Bangalow	79%Yes	69%Yes
Lismore	81%Yes	83%Yes	Nth Lismore	59% Yes	58% Yes	Coorabell		94%Yes
Ballina	73%Yes	70%Yes	Casino	51% Yes	51% NO
Richmond	77%Yes	72%Yes	Kyogle	78% Yes	73% Yes
Grafton	70%Yes	71%Yes	Drake	61% Yes	53% NO
Clarence	62%Yes	52%Yes	Tenterfield	62% NO	62% NO
Country Electorates		61%Yes	Richmond Electorate	60% Yes	57% Yes	Byron Bay Subdivision	77% Yes	69% Yes
NSW	52%Yes	57%Yes	NSW	57% NO	60% NO
If not for the country electorates Federation would have failed NSW			Richmond was the only country electorate to vote Yes

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