Aliens of the
Tweed and Brunswick
ANNEX Aa
|
1901 |
1911 |
1921 |
1933 |
1947 |
1954 |
Change
1947-54 |
1961 |
Change
1954-61 |
1966 |
Change
1961-66 |
1971 |
Change
1966-71 |
1976 |
Change
1971-76 |
1981 |
2001 |
Byron Shire |
|
6553 |
8302 |
7967 |
8784 |
8904 |
+1% |
8505 |
-5% |
7972 |
-6% |
7831 |
-2% |
8888 |
+14% |
15,426 |
28,916 |
Bangalow |
186 |
1057 |
1169 |
972 |
742 |
704 |
-5% |
626 |
-11% |
479 |
-24% |
534 |
+12% |
568 |
+6% |
614 |
~1221 |
Billinudgle |
|
444 |
311 |
203 |
186 |
230 |
+24% |
205 |
-11% |
142 |
-31% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Main Arm |
|
239 |
368 |
342 |
547 |
517 |
-6% |
450 |
-13% |
113 |
-75% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mullumbimby Creek |
|
|
|
131 |
164 |
204 |
+24% |
178 |
-13% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle Pocket |
|
|
71 |
117 |
179 |
176 |
-2% |
133 |
-24% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Pocket |
|
|
|
|
206 |
172 |
-17% |
174 |
+1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wilsons Creek |
|
|
189 |
164 |
246 |
182 |
-26% |
171 |
-6% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yelgun |
|
|
|
99 |
127 |
144 |
+13% |
101 |
-30% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Byron Bay |
380 |
1222 |
1564 |
1717 |
1869 |
2001 |
+7% |
2172 |
+9% |
2314 |
+7% |
2323 |
+0.4% |
2525 |
+9% |
3187 |
~9156 |
Brunswick Heads |
|
179 |
412 |
342 |
767 |
992 |
+29% |
975 |
-2% |
1068 |
+10% |
1210 |
+13% |
1402 |
+16% |
1877 |
~1827 |
Ocean Shores |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
255 |
|
1018 |
~4916 |
Suffolk Park |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
239 |
|
681 |
Included Byron |
Mullumbimby |
428 |
951 |
1330 |
1362 |
1609 |
2017 |
+25% |
1966 |
-3% |
1981 |
+0.8% |
1891 |
-4.5% |
2028 |
+7% |
2234 |
~2988 |
Tweed Shire* |
|
7308 |
12,279 |
13,204 |
14,367
(19,321) |
21,144 |
+9% |
22,491 |
+6% |
23,154 |
+3% |
24,062 |
+4% |
27,526 |
+14% |
40,050 |
73,821 |
Banora Point |
|
|
|
125 |
151 |
172 |
+14% |
327 |
+90% |
|
|
970 |
|
(1365) |
|
(2350) |
|
Fingal |
|
|
95 |
118 |
276 |
327 |
+19% |
|
|
|
|
531 |
|
(580) |
|
(855) |
|
Kingscliff urban |
|
|
20 |
34 |
370 |
806 |
+118% |
1564 |
+94% |
1798 |
+15% |
2412 |
+34% |
(2,145) |
|
(2890) |
|
Kingscliff-Fingal |
|
|
|
|
|
1402 |
|
1877 |
+34% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
~8060 |
Tweed Heads |
298 |
712 |
1514 |
1574 |
2066 |
2467 |
+19% |
3291 |
+33% |
3829 |
+16% |
5120 |
+34% |
(7740) |
|
|
|
Tweed Heads** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3830 |
|
6643 |
|
13,190 |
+99% |
21,869 |
~29,172 |
Hastings Point |
|
|
|
27 |
74 |
99 |
+34% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(185) |
|
482 |
|
Pottsville |
|
|
|
|
136 |
164 |
+21% |
248 |
|
213 |
|
245 |
|
332 |
+36% |
673 |
|
Murwillumbah* |
772
(953) |
2206 |
2861 |
3895 |
4954
(6412) |
6748 |
+5% |
7151 |
+6% |
7311 |
+2% |
7387 |
+1% |
7294 |
-1%
|
7807 |
~7291 |
Burringbar |
88 |
422 |
343 |
248 |
305 |
331 |
+9% |
300 |
-9% |
272 |
-9% |
243 |
-12% |
(210) |
|
294 |
|
Upper Burringbar |
168 |
|
147 |
153 |
422 |
347 |
-18% |
294 |
-15% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crabbes Creek |
|
126 |
268 |
203 |
270 |
371 |
+37% |
332 |
-11% |
190 |
-43% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dunbible |
|
75 |
145 |
|
|
146 |
|
119 |
-19% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stokers Siding |
|
140 |
314 |
373 |
304 |
289 |
-5% |
172 |
-41% |
151 |
-12% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mooball |
|
197 |
365 |
269 |
323 |
319 |
-1% |
396 |
+19% |
208 |
-48% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Condong |
98 |
531 |
482 |
577 |
538 |
431 |
-20% |
393 |
-9% |
|
|
|
|
(205) |
|
|
|
Tumbulgum |
166 |
317 |
269 |
192 |
273 |
285 |
+4% |
310 |
+9% |
292 |
-6% |
201 |
-31% |
238 |
+18% |
249 |
|
Cudgen |
380 |
185 |
308 |
198 |
296 |
336 |
+14% |
321 |
-5% |
214 |
-33% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tyalgum |
|
323 |
451 |
427 |
293 |
310 |
+6% |
262 |
-16% |
213 |
-19% |
|
|
|
|
211 |
|
Uki |
|
260 |
346 |
248 |
313 |
256 |
-18% |
256 |
0% |
213 |
-17% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Figures
distorted 1947 census due amalgamation of Tweed Shire and Murbah Municipality.
Other distortions: Main Arm ambiguous due uncertain contribution of Upper Main
Arm, Palmwoods (156 in 1947 and 75 in 1954) and Blindmouth. There were 392
people in vicinity Main Arm 1961, giving total of 842 in the area. Similar
distortions around The Pocket, Middle Pocket, Mullum Crk, Wilsons Crk and
Montecollum. Ditto in Tweed, eg 263 were living vicinity of Crabbes Creek 1961,
giving total of 595 in the area. Burringbar and Upper Burringbar had 108 and 259
in vicinity, giving grand total of 961 in the area. The 1954 cyclone a few
months prior to the census also had a significant impact on the Main
Arm/Palmwoods area.
**Called the ‘Gold Coast Part’ of the Tweed Shire and includes Tweed Heads,
South Tweed Heads and parts of Kingscliff, Fingal and maybe Banora. Reorganised
again for 1981 census. Separate figures for Tweed Shire 1976 show Tweed Heads
2,965, TH West 2,450, TH South 2325 and a total urban population of 20,820 and
rural of 6980. (28,175/8925 in 1981). As at 2001 Tweed City grew 15.7% since the
census of 1996, making it the fastest growing area in NSW. The area down to
Banora point is now home to over 30,000 people, and combined with
Kingscliff-Fingal carries half the population of the Tweed.
1. In 1954 the Brunswick district, inclusive of the Byron Shire and the
Mullumbimby Municipality, was the most densely populated rural area in NSW. The
population of the Richmond-Tweed region remained relatively static between 1954
and 1966, but the region remained the most densely populated rural area of NSW.
By the late 1970s, following the shakeout of the rural recession, the population
drift had reversed and the North Coast was the fastest growing non-metropolitan
area in the State. 75% of the growth was due to internal migration, with the
vast majority being refugees from Sydney.
2. In 1961 40.5% of the working population of the Byron Shire was still employed
in agricultural activities. By 1971 this had fallen to 25.9% and by 1981 was
down to 15%, - paradoxically at the same time the rural population began to rise
exponentially. The Alternates had found Arcadia in the hills while the Surfies
had discovered the Bay. Between 1976 and 1981 the rural population grew by 9.2%
per annum (2071 people total) while the towns increased by 6% per annum (2439
people). 86% of growth of Byron Shire, inclusive of Mullum, 1976-1981 was due to
internal migration, mainly Sydney refugees.
Top of
Page |
Richmond Population
|
1911 |
1921 |
1933 |
1947 |
1954 |
Change |
1961 |
Change |
1966 |
Change |
1971 |
Change |
1976 |
Change |
2001 |
Richmond |
40,053 |
46,192 |
57,741 |
60,055 |
63,007 |
+5% |
62,142 |
-1% |
61,340 |
-1% |
63,438 |
+4% |
67,738 |
+8% |
108,639 |
Ballina |
2061 |
2768 |
3042 |
3202 |
3558 |
+11% |
4129 |
+16% |
4931 |
+19% |
6141 |
+25% |
7323 |
+19% |
37,218 |
Casino |
3420 |
3455 |
5287 |
6698 |
7844 |
+17% |
8091 |
+3% |
8502 |
+5% |
9378 |
+10% |
9791 |
+4% |
|
(Cas Urban) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9064) |
|
(9456) |
+4% |
(10,036) |
Lismore* |
7609 |
8700 |
11,762 |
15,214 |
17,372
(18,312) |
+14% |
18,935 |
+3% |
19,734 |
+4% |
20,904 |
+6% |
22,082 |
+6% |
41,883
(27,585) |
Gundurimba Shire* |
4281 |
4555 |
4596 |
3890
(3957) |
3975
(3035) |
+0.5% |
3134 |
+3% |
2778 |
-11% |
2675 |
-4% |
2871 |
+7% |
|
Kyogle Shire |
3839 |
6538 |
11,361 |
11,427 |
11,234 |
-2% |
10,438 |
-7% |
9391 |
-10% |
8750 |
-7% |
8104 |
-7% |
9169 |
Kyogle |
1347 |
1484 |
2394 |
2775 |
2929 |
+6% |
2985 |
+2% |
2846 |
-5% |
2966 |
+4% |
2959 |
-0.2% |
|
Bonalbo |
129 |
169 |
480 |
485 |
632 |
+30% |
539 |
-15% |
532 |
-1% |
494 |
-7% |
478 |
-3% |
|
Urbenville |
123 |
135 |
206 |
372 |
|
|
420 |
|
358 |
-15% |
309 |
-14% |
290 |
-6% |
|
Woodenbong |
147 |
104 |
362 |
515 |
559 |
+9% |
469 |
-16% |
438 |
-7% |
396 |
-10% |
380 |
-4% |
|
Rest of Kyogle Shire |
2093 |
4646 |
7919 |
7280 |
|
|
6025 |
|
5217 |
-13% |
4585 |
-12% |
3997 |
-13% |
|
Terania Shire |
5621 |
6573 |
7583 |
6922 |
6691 |
-3% |
6021 |
-10% |
5140 |
-15% |
4520 |
-12% |
4830 |
+7% |
|
Nimbin |
666 |
802 |
847 |
685 |
698 |
+2% |
523 |
-25% |
386 |
-26% |
310 |
-20% |
328 |
+6% |
|
Clunes |
488 |
302 |
289 |
277 |
266 |
-4% |
211 |
-21% |
160 |
-24% |
|
|
|
|
|
Tintenbar Shire |
5869 |
5703 |
5307 |
4740 |
4649 |
-2% |
4341 |
-7% |
4078 |
-6% |
4486 |
+10% |
6470 |
+44% |
|
Alstonville |
1001 |
994 |
1057 |
643 |
949 |
+48% |
790 |
-17% |
576 |
-27% |
779 |
+35% |
1457 |
+87% |
|
Lennox Hd |
|
|
74 |
149 |
173 |
+16% |
201 |
+16% |
248 |
+23% |
437 |
+76% |
843 |
+92% |
|
Wardell |
547 |
520 |
543 |
270 |
290 |
+7% |
233 |
-20% |
187 |
-20% |
|
|
245 |
|
|
Tomki Shire* |
3006 |
3406 |
3978 |
3647
(3580) |
3399 |
-5% |
3051 |
-10% |
2703 |
-11% |
2435 |
-10% |
|
|
|
Woodburn Shire* |
2938 |
3123 |
3234 |
4315 |
4285 |
-0.7% |
4002 |
-7% |
4083 |
+2% |
4149 |
+2% |
|
|
|
Broadwater |
550 |
560 |
507 |
614 |
486 |
-26% |
426 |
-12% |
421 |
-1% |
388 |
-9% |
365 |
-6% |
|
Coraki |
1419^ |
1371^ |
1231^ |
1097 |
970 |
-12% |
905 |
-7% |
650 |
-28% |
858 |
+32% |
912 |
+6% |
|
Evans Head |
76 |
142 |
249 |
764 |
1057 |
+38% |
969 |
-8% |
1083 |
+12% |
1315 |
+21% |
1591 |
+21% |
|
Woodburn |
853 |
942 |
712 |
654 |
781 |
+10% |
510 |
-35% |
536 |
+5% |
697 |
+32% |
610 |
-13% |
|
Rest of Wood Shire |
40 |
108 |
535 |
1186 |
991 |
|
1192 |
|
1393 |
|
891 |
-36% |
|
|
|
Richmond River
Shire* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6270) |
|
6267 |
0% |
20,369 |
Tweed-Bruns |
17,018 |
24,772 |
26,428 |
29,714 |
32,065 |
+8% |
32,962 |
+3% |
33,107 |
+0.4% |
33,784 |
+2% |
38,442 |
+14% |
102,737 |
Rich-Tweed |
57,077 |
70,964 |
84,169 |
89,779 |
95,072 |
+6% |
95,103 |
0% |
94,448 |
-0.7% |
96,908 |
+3% |
106,180 |
+10% |
211,376 |
Nth Coast** |
115,596 |
123,152 |
146,507 |
159,212 |
171,325 |
+8% |
171,386 |
0% |
170,130 |
-0.7% |
221,888 |
|
|
|
|
NSW |
1,638,683 |
2,088,656 |
2,600,847 |
2,984,838 |
3,423,529 |
+15% |
3,916,907 |
+14% |
4,233,822 |
+8% |
4,601,180 |
+9% |
4,777,265 |
+4% |
6,311,168 |
Coolangatta |
160 |
1471 |
1828 |
4057 |
2343* |
|
2550 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southport |
1658 |
3551 |
4218 |
8430 |
8134* |
|
12,746 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gold Coast* |
|
|
|
13,713 |
19,807 |
+44% |
33,716 |
+70% |
49,481 |
+47% |
66,697
(69,120) |
+35% |
94,014 |
+36% |
|
QLD |
605,813 |
757,634 |
947,534 |
1,106,415 |
1,318,259 |
+19% |
1,518,828 |
+15% |
1,663,685 |
+10% |
1,827,065 |
+10% |
2,037,181 |
+12% |
|
*Certain boundary changes and amalgamations
took place distorting some figures, with another big change 1Jan1977. Separate
figures for Gold Coast show 105,777 people 1976 and 154,706 people 1981.
^ = Coraki Municipality.
**North Coast redefined as the area down to Taree 1971. Previously the 40mile
wide coastal strip between Kempsey and the border. Redefined again in the
1980s.
1933 census figures reported by Northern Star in 28Sep33 gave Lismore
Municip a pop of 11,792 (and 8692 in 1921). But in 1921 Lismore Municip
comprised 14,676 acres and reduced to 8156 acres in Dec1930 with the
transfer of farm lands to Terania and Gundurimba. Therefore 'Lismore and
District' had a population of 19,818 in 1921 and 23,978 in 1933 = 21%
increase.
Casino Municip area also reduced 1921-33, but big jump was due to becoming
the hub of the rail network, with multiplier effect of gaining about 250
Railway Dept employees 1932-33 after opening Kyogle-Brisbane Line and
downgrading of other centres. Also many navvies laid off from rail
projects in unemployment camps.
Kyogle experienced greatest increase 1921-33 (6482 to 11,374), but there
were around 1000 people living in 'calico townships' carrying out the huge
road network programme through unemployment relief schemes, most of whom
not normally resident Kyogle district. Also many timber getters and
railway sleeper contractors in separate camps.
Note: Coraki Municipality was
absorbed into Woodburn Shire 1Jan34; Murwillumbah Municipality amalgamated
with Tweed Shire in 1947; Woodburn and Tomki Shires merged to form the
Richmond River Shire in 1976; Ballina Municipality and Tintenbar Shire
merged to form the Ballina Shire in 1977; Gundurimba and Terania
Shires joined Lismore City in 1977; Mullumbimby Municipality united with
Byron Shire in 1980; Casino Municipality and the Richmond River Shire
amalgamated to form the Richmond Valley Shire in 2000.
Religious
Distribution - Census Data
Municipality/
Shire |
1861 |
1871 |
1891 |
Anglican
% |
Catholic
% |
Presbyterian
% |
Methodist
% |
|
|
|
|
1901 |
1911 |
1921 |
1933 |
1947 |
1901 |
1911 |
1921 |
1933 |
1947 |
1901 |
1911 |
1921 |
1933 |
1947 |
1901 |
1911 |
1921 |
1933 |
1947 |
Ballina |
|
|
|
44.7 |
|
44.5 |
39.8 |
41.4 |
27.5 |
|
21% |
22.5 |
22.5 |
14% |
|
17.7 |
15.7 |
14.2 |
6.4% |
|
11.5 |
10.6 |
9.5% |
Casino |
|
|
|
39.4 |
|
37% |
35% |
34.3 |
32% |
|
31.4 |
30.7 |
33.3 |
13% |
|
16.7 |
13.6 |
13.5 |
11% |
|
8.8% |
7.6% |
7.6% |
Coraki |
|
|
|
27.8 |
|
39.5 |
33% |
|
31.8 |
|
27.4 |
28.5 |
|
17.8 |
|
19.8 |
15.6 |
|
7% |
|
6.4% |
5.5% |
|
Lismore |
|
|
|
33.6 |
|
37.5 |
32% |
33.7 |
28.5 |
|
27% |
29% |
28% |
18% |
|
15.8 |
15.9 |
15.7 |
10.4 |
|
9.7% |
9.2% |
10.7 |
Mullumbimby |
|
|
|
|
|
37% |
38.9 |
33.7 |
|
|
25.7 |
23.2 |
22.2 |
|
|
17.6 |
18.6 |
16.2 |
|
|
11.3 |
12.4 |
15.8 |
Murwillumbah |
|
|
|
|
|
34.5 |
30.3 |
34.2 |
|
|
34% |
29% |
27.8 |
|
|
17% |
18.4 |
15.7 |
|
|
6.1% |
8.9 |
9.4% |
Byron Shire |
|
|
|
|
|
45% |
41.4 |
38.3 |
|
|
19% |
18.8 |
19.9 |
|
|
15% |
14.6 |
14.7 |
|
|
14.4 |
13.7 |
16.1 |
Gundurimba |
|
|
|
|
|
36.2 |
34.1 |
33.5 |
|
|
26.2 |
23% |
24.1 |
|
|
18.7 |
16.9 |
17.4 |
|
|
13.3 |
12.7 |
14.5 |
Kyogle |
|
|
|
|
|
45% |
40.2 |
39.3 |
|
|
22% |
21.7 |
20% |
|
|
16.3 |
14.1 |
14.7 |
|
|
10.5 |
10.3 |
11% |
Terania |
|
|
|
|
|
46% |
41.3 |
38.1 |
|
|
15.4 |
16.3 |
20.6 |
|
|
15.6 |
14.4 |
17.2 |
|
|
18% |
16% |
15.2 |
Tintenbar |
|
|
|
|
|
34.8 |
37.6 |
36.7 |
|
|
18.6 |
20.8 |
19.1 |
|
|
11.5 |
12% |
11.3 |
|
|
15.9 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
Tomki |
|
|
|
|
|
41.7 |
42.3 |
40.2 |
|
|
26% |
24.5 |
28.8 |
|
|
15% |
13.7 |
11.5 |
|
|
9.7% |
7.5% |
9.1% |
Tweed |
|
|
|
|
|
42.8 |
37.5 |
38.2 |
|
|
25% |
23.8 |
23.2 |
|
|
15.4 |
15.5 |
13.7 |
|
|
10.3 |
8.9% |
9.5% |
Woodburn |
|
|
|
|
|
41% |
35.2 |
37.2 |
|
|
27.8 |
24.5 |
27.5 |
|
|
18.3 |
17.9 |
17.3 |
|
|
6.1% |
8% |
6.9% |
Rich-Tweed |
|
|
|
37% |
40% |
41% |
37.3 |
36.8 |
29% |
23.8 |
23.6 |
23.6 |
24.3 |
17% |
16.9 |
15.8 |
15.1 |
14.8 |
10% |
12.2 |
11.7 |
11.1 |
11.6 |
Anglican |
53% |
45% |
35% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Catholic |
25% |
28% |
29% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Presbyterian |
13% |
15% |
17% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Methodist |
3% |
4% |
10% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grafton M |
|
|
|
|
|
52.3 |
46.4 |
45.3 |
|
|
16.6 |
20.5 |
21.5 |
|
|
12.9 |
12.2 |
12.4 |
|
|
9.5% |
8.4% |
9% |
Sth Grafton |
|
|
|
|
|
49% |
45.7 |
43.8 |
|
|
29.8 |
27.4 |
26.4 |
|
|
11% |
13.5 |
12.2 |
|
|
7.5% |
5.4% |
6.6% |
Tenterfield M |
|
|
|
|
|
46.5 |
43.1 |
38.7 |
|
|
24.3 |
24% |
27.8 |
|
|
14% |
13.2 |
13.4 |
|
|
10.8 |
10% |
11.9 |
Tenterfield S |
|
|
|
|
|
49.8 |
44.7 |
44.6 |
|
|
26% |
22.2 |
22.8 |
|
|
11.5 |
12.9 |
11.8 |
|
|
8.9% |
8.7% |
7.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Municipalities NSW |
|
|
|
|
|
49% |
43.9 |
43.2 |
|
|
23.2 |
21.6 |
23.4 |
|
|
9.6 |
9.2 |
8% |
|
|
8.3% |
7.4% |
7.7% |
Shires NSW |
|
|
|
|
|
48.8 |
44.3 |
43.9 |
|
|
22.4 |
20.8 |
20.8 |
|
|
12.3 |
11.6 |
10.8 |
|
|
9.6% |
8.9% |
9.9% |
NSW |
|
|
|
|
44.6 |
49% |
44% |
43.4 |
|
22.8 |
23% |
21.4 |
22.7 |
|
11.1 |
10.5 |
9.9% |
8.8% |
|
9.2% |
8.7% |
7.8% |
8.3% |
Richmond-Tweed in 1851 and 1856 = Police District of Tabulam; 1861 = Richmond River Registration District (Part of
Clarence Pastoral District);
1871 = Police Districts of Richmond River and Tweed River (County Rous,
County Richmond and portions of County Drake and County Buller.)
1871:
284 people in Township of
Casino,
of whom 129 were Anglicans (45.4%), 74 Catholics (36%), 25 Presbyterians
(8.8%) and 21 Wesleyan Methodists (7.4%)
In the Village of
Lismore
were 93 people; 49 Anglicans (52.7%), 22 Catholics (23.7%), 13
Presbyterians (14%), 5 Wesleyan Methodists (5.4%)
In the combined Richmond River and Tweed River Districts there were 4977
people, with religious percentages as above.
1878:
Fr Doyle finds 3 Catholic families in the town of Lismore upon taking
up appointment of Richmond Parish (District of Lismore 80 Catholic families, Casino
62, Wardell 33, Swan Bay 31, Coraki 27, Tweed 23, Ballina 20.) The
folklore goes that Fr Doyle's was the 500th and last signature required on
petition initiated by Catholic William English to have Lismore
incorporated as a municipality. Lismore
became a municipality 1879 with non-sectarian James Stocks as
foundation mayor (1879-81). Presbyterian Church built 1881 when town
population was 992. (Other
Catholic mayors: J.F. O'Flynn 1889-91 and 1896-99, J. Quilty in 1907 and J.B.
Carlton in 1911. Stocks later a Catholic?)
1886: Sectarian Riot
Lismore. 500 Orangemen v. 300 Catholics in Lismore. 38
arrested.
1891:
Ballina:
1084 people - 434 Anglicans (40%), 291 Catholics (26.8%), 222
Presbyterians (20.5%), 85 Wesleyan Methodists (7.8%)
Casino:
1486 people - 606 Anglican (40.8%), 490 Catholics (33%), 174 Presbyterians (11.7%), 143 Wesleyan Methodists (9.6%)
Coraki:
538 people - 251 Anglicans (46.7%), 166 Catholic (30.9%), 73 Presbyterian (13.6%), 19 Wesleyan Methodists (3.5%)
Lismore:
2925 people - 1006 Anglican (34.4%), 875 Catholic (29.9%), 429 Presbyterian (14.7%), 300 Wesleyan Methodists (10.3%)
In the combined Counties of Rous and Richmond were 21,711 people, with
religious percentages as above.
The fact that the Presbyterians had a greater proportional presence in
Northern NSW than in the rest of the State is attributed to the singular
influence of the fiery Dr John Dunmore Lang and his encouragement of
Scottish migration to his proposed colony of 'Cooksland', which was to
include the Clarence, Richmond and Tweed Region.
From about the death of Bishop Doyle 1909 the Presbyterians and Methodists
started to exercise political, commercial and media
influence way beyond their numerical significance. (See
http://freepages.misc.rootsweb.com/~aliens/chapter_11.htm )
By the 2001
census the distribution across the Richmond-Tweed was 25.9% Anglican,
24.4% Catholic, 7% Uniting, 6% Presbyterian, (15.1% No Religion)
By the 2006
census the distribution across the Richmond-Tweed was 24.1% Catholic,
23.7% Anglican, 6% Uniting, 5.4% Presbyterian, (19.1% No Religion)
By the 2006
census the distribution across NSW was 28.2% Catholic,
21.8% Anglican, 4.6% Uniting, 3.3% Presbyterian, (14.3% No Religion)
2006
Richmond Valley Shire 28.2% Catholic,
27.4% Anglican, 7.5% Presbyterian, 6.0% Uniting, (13.1% No Religion)
2006
Ballina Shire 26.1% Anglican,
25.5% Catholic, 6.3% Uniting, 5.6% Presbyterian, (17.4% No Religion)
2006
Tweed Shire 26.1% Anglican,
24.7% Catholic, 5.7% Uniting, 5.1% Presbyterian, (17.6% No Religion)
2006
Lismore Municipality 25.4% Catholic,
20.7% Anglican, 7.3% Uniting, 6.2% Presbyterian, (19.3% No Religion)
2006
Kyogle Shire 23.4% Anglican,
20.7% Catholic, 9.3% Uniting, 6.1% Presbyterian, (18.4% No Religion)
2006
Byron Shire 16.6% Catholic,
15.7% Anglican, 4.8% Uniting, 3.1% Presbyterian, (30% No Religion)
2006 Religious Hierarchy by Towns:
Bangalow 34.9% No Religion,
Mullumbimby 30.7% No Religion,
Casino 30.6% Catholic,
Byron Bay 30.5% No Religion,
Tweed Heads 27.8% Anglican,
Ballina 27.8% Anglican,
Lismore 27.3% Catholic,
Murwillumbah 26.1% Catholic,
Kyogle 25.9% Catholic.
First Anglican Churches:
Grafton 1854, Casino 1871, Lismore 1871
First Catholic Churches: South Grafton 1857, Casino 1872, Coraki 1874, Lismore
1877, Murwillumbah 1883
First Presbyterian Churches:
Grafton 1857, Coraki 1867, Lismore 1881
First Methodist Churches:
Grafton 1861, Alstonville 1873, Lismore ~1877.
Sectarian Riot 1886:
Ex-nun
Edith O'Gorman gives anti-Catholicism lecture Albert Theatre Keen Street
23Oct1886: Rumours of disturbances never take place. Jewish Mayor Dr Ludwig
Bernstein, a close friend of Dean Doyle, refused to chair meeting.
Riot 26Oct1886: 500 Protestants, mostly country Orangemen, mostly
Presbyterian but fair swag Methodists, gather at Albert Theatre for
O'Gorman's second lecture. Group of Catholics, mainly Irishmen, in
audience and together with others outside rush stage and disrupt proceedings. Initially just
to stop lecture, but riding-whips, lawyer-cane, sticks,
chairs, horse-shoes, eggs, stones and flour-balls used by all. Orangemen
anticipated disruption and came prepared. Attacking
party initially about 40 to 50. 150 participate in fight. 450 stand by.
Women and children escape through windows. Three in hospital. 'Several'
wounded. Catholics command stage where
100 gather and give speeches. 700 in streets through to 11PM. Two
fights in streets next day. Gatherings in streets next few days.
Friendships of years severed.
Third lecture 28Oct86 cancelled when large bodies of Catholics and
Orangemen from all over district confront each other. Catholics threaten
to pull down theatre, Orangemen threaten to pull down Convent and
adjacent buildings. Estimated 2000 people. Police, supplemented from
other centres, and Dean Doyle restore calm.
Postponed lecture 3Nov86: More police, mounted troopers and 128 special
constables sworn in. Sub-inspector Garvan in charge. All armed. All pubs
closed. All traffic Keen St stopped. 1200 gather at theatre. Dean Doyle
keeps Catholics away. Miss O'Gorman makes more money Lismore than any
other part of her tour so far.
Riot coincides with Ministerial party visit Lismore, including Minister
for Justice James Patrick Garvan, Catholic pioneer selector Bangalow.
Northern Star accused of taking Catholic side, but in fact condemns
both. Chronicle definitely on Protestant side.
Talk of a Royal Commission.
38 people summonsed for 26Oct86 riot and go before magistrate's hearing.
Sub-Inspector Garvan police prosecutor. Balmer Jnr of Chronicle amongst
16 Protestants summonsed.
15 Catholics and 5 Protestants went to trial. Protestants discharged and
11 Catholics found guilty. Morrissey 3mths gaol, McGuire 2mths, Sexton
fined 50 quid, McNamarra, Holland, Gallagher, D. Mahoney, Fitzgerald,
Hogan, Hassett, M. Mahoney all 40 quid.
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